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Articles 151 - 180 of 230
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Biodegradation Of Organophosphate Chemical Warfare Agents By Activated Sludge, Steven J. Schuldt
Biodegradation Of Organophosphate Chemical Warfare Agents By Activated Sludge, Steven J. Schuldt
Theses and Dissertations
Organophosphates (OPs) have been widely used as Chemical Warfare Agents (CWAs) as well as pesticides since World War II and still remain a threat to national security. While efforts have been taken at military installations and civilian communities to secure these chemicals and prevent their misuse, a determined adversary could still obtain and deploy them to injure, kill, or instill terror. The lethal properties of this group of compounds are primarily owed to their irreversible inhibition of the enzyme acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) and thus may alter the human nervous system or affect the hormonal balance of children in particular. In …
Spatial Distribution And Modulation Of Nitric Oxide Synthase In A Hypertensive Rat Model, Andrew Yannaccone
Spatial Distribution And Modulation Of Nitric Oxide Synthase In A Hypertensive Rat Model, Andrew Yannaccone
Theses and Dissertations
There are gaps in the fundamental understanding of the expression of nitric oxide synthases (NOS) in the microvasculature. We examined co-localization of NOS1 (nNOS), NOS2 (iNOS) and NOS3 (eNOS) in the spinotrapezius muscle of young adult male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and Spontaneously Hypertensive (SHR) rats according to fiber type using immunohistochemistry and brightfield microscopy. Data regarding fiber distribution, population and morphology data were collected. Alkaline phosphatase staining was used to determine capillary density and average number of capillaries around a fiber. Gel electrophoresis and Western blot techniques were used to compare myosin heavy chain (MHC) protein expression with fiber type population …
Biobehavioral Correlates In Fibromyalgia, Ann Trivigno Mcnallen
Biobehavioral Correlates In Fibromyalgia, Ann Trivigno Mcnallen
Theses and Dissertations
Introduction: Fibromyalgia (FMS) is a chronic pain syndrome characterized by non-restorative sleep, and fatigue. Over 75% of individuals with FMS complain of poor sleep quality and fatigue. These have been ranked by patients with FMS as having great impact on quality of life. A literature review suggested that poor sleep quality may be a predictor of increased stress and FMS symptom onset in those affected. However, no experimental studies have demonstrated a causal relationship between poor sleep and stress in people with FMS. Methods: Using a single stage cross-sectional design, the primary study aim was to compare 25 women with …
A Hierarchical Image Processing Approach For Diagnostic Analysis Of Microcirculation Videos, Nazanin Mirshahi
A Hierarchical Image Processing Approach For Diagnostic Analysis Of Microcirculation Videos, Nazanin Mirshahi
Theses and Dissertations
Knowledge of the microcirculatory system has added significant value to the analysis of tissue oxygenation and perfusion. While developments in videomicroscopy technology have enabled medical researchers and physicians to observe the microvascular system, the available software tools are limited in their capabilities to determine quantitative features of microcirculation, either automatically or accurately. In particular, microvessel density has been a critical diagnostic measure in evaluating disease progression and a prognostic indicator in various clinical conditions. As a result, automated analysis of the microcirculatory system can be substantially beneficial in various real-time and off-line therapeutic medical applications, such as optimization of resuscitation. …
Characterization Of Lysophosphatidic Acid Subspecies Using A Novel Hplc Esi-Ms/Ms Method, Eric Mayton
Characterization Of Lysophosphatidic Acid Subspecies Using A Novel Hplc Esi-Ms/Ms Method, Eric Mayton
Theses and Dissertations
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid with a plethora of biological functions, including roles in cell survival, proliferation, and migration. Although high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC ESI-MS/MS) technology has been used to measure the levels of LPA in human blood, serum and plasma, current methods cannot readily detect the minute levels of LPA from cell culture. In this study, a novel HPLC ESI-MS/MS method with enhanced sensitivity was developed which allows accurate measurements of LPA levels with a limit of quantitation at approximately 10 femtomoles. The method was validated by quantitation of LPA levels in …
An Examination Of Family Nutrition Programs Implemented By Mississippi State University Extension Service In Jackson Public Schools, Gabrielle La'dale Bryant
An Examination Of Family Nutrition Programs Implemented By Mississippi State University Extension Service In Jackson Public Schools, Gabrielle La'dale Bryant
Theses and Dissertations
The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed) includes programs and educational curricula that promote healthy behaviors for people receiving nutrition assistance benefits, or eligible for benefits. This study investigated whether information given to children through SNAP-Ed nutrition education programs implemented in schools was taken home to educate parents. After programs were delivered to students by Mississippi State University Extension Service Nutrition Educators, parents (N=302, response rate=43.1%) of elementary students in eight public schools in Jackson, Mississippi, reported changes they made in their households. These changes included eating more fruits and vegetables or trying different fruits and vegetables, and being more physically …
Biophysical Studies Of Gene Sequence G-Quadruplexes And I-Motifs, Jamie Marie Dettler
Biophysical Studies Of Gene Sequence G-Quadruplexes And I-Motifs, Jamie Marie Dettler
Theses and Dissertations
The treatment and/or prevention of cancer by selective down regulation of cancer causing gene (oncogene) transcription would represent a significant advance in the area of anticancer drug design. Non-canonical higher order DNA structures formed in oncogene promoter regions are novel targets for the modulation of oncogene expression. An obvious advantage of selectively targeting oncogene expression would be that general cytotoxicity would be minimized and the negative side effects of current chemotherapy approaches could be minimized or eliminated. To provide a foundation for the design of drugs that target oncogene promoter G-quadruplexes and i-Motifs, the basic understanding is required of the …
Processing And Classification Of Physiological Signals Using Wavelet Transform And Machine Learning Algorithms, Abed Al-Raoof Bsoul
Processing And Classification Of Physiological Signals Using Wavelet Transform And Machine Learning Algorithms, Abed Al-Raoof Bsoul
Theses and Dissertations
Over the last century, physiological signals have been broadly analyzed and processed not only to assess the function of the human physiology, but also to better diagnose illnesses or injuries and provide treatment options for patients. In particular, Electrocardiogram (ECG), blood pressure (BP) and impedance are among the most important biomedical signals processed and analyzed. The majority of studies that utilize these signals attempt to diagnose important irregularities such as arrhythmia or blood loss by processing one of these signals. However, the relationship between them is not yet fully studied using computational methods. Therefore, a system that extract and combine …
Perimeter Security And Intruder Detection Using Gravity Gradiometry: A Feasibility Study, Jared D. Tuinstra
Perimeter Security And Intruder Detection Using Gravity Gradiometry: A Feasibility Study, Jared D. Tuinstra
Theses and Dissertations
Changes in the mass distribution around some point on the Earth’s surface induce corresponding changes to the magnitude and direction of the gravity vector at that location. The nine-tensor derivative of the gravity vector, or gravity gradient, is sensitive to very small changes in the gravity vector. With some assumptions, continuous measurement of the gravity gradient using a gravity gradiometer (GGI) is used to determine the location of a mass change in the local area near the instrument. This investigation sought to determine the effectiveness, operating characteristics, and limitations of a physical perimeter security system that uses an array of …
Image Dependent Relative Formation Navigation For Autonomous Aerial Refueling, James M. Howard
Image Dependent Relative Formation Navigation For Autonomous Aerial Refueling, James M. Howard
Theses and Dissertations
This research tests the feasibility, accuracy, and reliability of a predictive rendering and holistic comparison algorithm with use of an optical sensor to provide relative distance and position behind a lead or tanker aircraft. Using an accurate model of a tanker, an algorithm renders image(s) for comparison with actual collected images by a camera installed on the receiver aircraft. Based on this comparison, information used to create the rendered image(s) is used to provide the relative navigation solution required for autonomous air refueling. Given enough predicted images and processing time, this approach should reliably find an accurate solution. Building on …
Synthesis, Screening And Cocrystallization Of Adenosine Based Inhibitors With Methyltransferases, Ermc' And Ksga, Matthew Baker
Synthesis, Screening And Cocrystallization Of Adenosine Based Inhibitors With Methyltransferases, Ermc' And Ksga, Matthew Baker
Theses and Dissertations
Antibiotic resistance threatens to throw mankind back into an era when infectious disease was the predominant cause of death. In an effort to mitigate this danger, we targeted ErmC’ and KsgA. Both methylate N6-adenosine of ribosomal RNA, though each serve different roles in their bacterial host. ErmC’ dimethylates A2058 on 23S rRNA, conferring resistance to MLSB antibiotics (macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B). KsgA aids in ribosome assembly, binding inactive 30S until dimethylating A1518/A1519 of 16S rRNA. Like most methyltransferases, ErmC’ and KsgA use cofactor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) as their methyl source, which binds adjacent to their specific adenosine substrate. ErmC’ inhibitors could …
An Investigation Of The Effects Of Cognitive Apprenticeship Within A Simulation-Based Learning Environment On Emergency Medical Technician (Emt) Students' Development Of Diagnostic Reasoning Skills, Sherman A. Syverson
Theses and Dissertations
No abstract provided.
Comparing Detection Methods Of Aflatoxin And Exploring Aflatoxin Decontamination Methods, Rebecca Burgett Singleterry
Comparing Detection Methods Of Aflatoxin And Exploring Aflatoxin Decontamination Methods, Rebecca Burgett Singleterry
Theses and Dissertations
Ethanol fermentation of highly concentrated aflatoxin-contaminated corn (Zea mays) was conducted on a lab scale to determine if aflatoxin concentrated in the distilled ethanol and/or dry distillers grain end-products. Alliquots of fermented mash, distilled ethanol, stillage, and dry distillers grain (DDG) were analyzed via LC-MS/MS and immunoassay detection methods for aflatoxin. Results indicate that aflatoxin does not greatly concentrate during fermentation in the DDGs and is undetectable in distilled ethanol. Addition of binders, MTB-100®, to aflatoxin-contaminated DDGs showed great reduction in aflatoxin concentrations when analyzed via LC-MS/MS. Also, an experiment investigating detoxification of aflatoxin using Clorox® was conducted. Results obtained …
Effects Of Fatigue And Self-Reported Countermeasures Used By Regional Airline Pilots Conducting Continuous Duty Overnight, Andrew Laventure
Effects Of Fatigue And Self-Reported Countermeasures Used By Regional Airline Pilots Conducting Continuous Duty Overnight, Andrew Laventure
Theses and Dissertations
Fatigue poses a significant risk to commercial aviation. When pilots become fatigued they are more likely to make errors and in some instances those errors have been causal factors in accidents. Research not only tells us how the human body is affected by fatigue but also what can be done to temporarily reduce its negative impact on performance. However, relatively little data is available pertaining to one specific type of flight operation, the Continuous Duty Overnight (CDO). They are frequently conducted by regional airlines within the United States and typically resemble schedules for workers on a 3rd shift, otherwise known …
In Vitro Evaluation Of Mechanical Heart Valve Performance Using A Novel Test Chamber In An Automated Mock Circulatory Loop, Antonio Walker
In Vitro Evaluation Of Mechanical Heart Valve Performance Using A Novel Test Chamber In An Automated Mock Circulatory Loop, Antonio Walker
Theses and Dissertations
Valvular heart disease (VHD) continues to have significant effects on many people’s lives, with numbers expected to grow tremendously over the next few years. Individuals suffering from severe valvular heart disease usually require a heart valve transplant in order to restore the native valve’s vital unidirectional flow regulation. Therefore, artificial heart valve (AHV) research is of very high importance. Previous research studies have provided substantial input in the realm of AHV design relative to durability, thrombotic and hemolytic potential, and overall functionality. However, modifications continue to be warranted due to limitations in the accuracy and time efficiency of the in …
Role Of Ampk In The Upregulation Of Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein In The Zona Fasciculata Of The Adrenal Cortex, Adam Wesley Dayton
Role Of Ampk In The Upregulation Of Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein In The Zona Fasciculata Of The Adrenal Cortex, Adam Wesley Dayton
Theses and Dissertations
Cortisol is a glucocorticoid produced by the zona fasciculata (ZF) of the adrenal cortex. Traditionally, cortisol production and release was seen as being regulated strictly by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). While this is true of baseline cortisol levels and in response to acute mental stress, the picture is somewhat more complicated in other situations.Interleukin-6 (IL-6) contributes to the maintenance of cortisol levels in situations of prolonged immune or inflammatory stress. AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) was investigated as a possible mediator of the action of IL-6 or as an independent actor in raising cortisol levels in response to hypoxemic or hypoglycemic …
Strategies To Employ Androstenediol To Reverse Steroid Inhibited Healing In A Rat Model Of Trauma, Francis Diskin
Strategies To Employ Androstenediol To Reverse Steroid Inhibited Healing In A Rat Model Of Trauma, Francis Diskin
Theses and Dissertations
Much of our current understanding regarding trauma, mechanisms of healing, and treatment strategies have evolved as a result of injuries suffered during armed conflict. While our understanding of these processes has advanced during and since these conflicts, treatment methods of traumatic wound healing have failed to progress significantly in the last forty years. The overall objective of this research was to test the hypothesis that the immune regulating hormone Androstenediol (AED) modulates the host’s immune system to promote wound healing under conditions where it has been inhibited by stress and infection. In an effort to characterize the effects of Androstenediol …
Development And Use Of A Physiologically Based Mathematical Model Describing The Relationships And Contributions Of Macronutrients To Weight And Body Composition Changes, Saori Sakita
Theses and Dissertations
The effect of the dietary macronutrient composition on weight loss has been a controversial issue for decades. During that time, a high-protein, high-fat, and low-carbohydrate diet has been one of the more popular weight loss diets with the public. We hypothesized that a computer simulation model using STELLA software could help to better understanding the effect of the dietary macronutrient composition on weight loss. We calculated daily total oxidation instead of total energy expenditure as others have done based on the facts that carbohydrate, fat, and protein intake influence carbohydrate, fat, and protein oxidation. In order to create a simple …
Climatological Variables Associated With Increased Mortality Rates For Diseases Predominant During The Cold Season, Ashley Johanna Sedorovich
Climatological Variables Associated With Increased Mortality Rates For Diseases Predominant During The Cold Season, Ashley Johanna Sedorovich
Theses and Dissertations
Previous research indicates a distinct seasonal pattern in mortality rates. Increases are prominent during the northern-hemispheric cold season. These patterns are seen in overall mortality, diabetes mellitus, circulatory, digestive, and respiratory diseases. A principal component analysis indicates that departure from normal temperature, minimum, maximum, and average daily temperature, and dew-point temperature are the primary atmospheric variables that influence mortality patterns. ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests support findings of principal component analysis. Although a day-to-day relationship between mortality rates and atmospheric variables was noted in several instances, results suggest that the influence of the primary atmospheric variables on mortality rates is greatest …
Parallel Viterbi Search For Continuous Speech Recognition On A Multi-Core Architecture, Naveen Parihar
Parallel Viterbi Search For Continuous Speech Recognition On A Multi-Core Architecture, Naveen Parihar
Theses and Dissertations
State-of-the-art speech-recognition systems can successfully perform simple tasks in real-time on most computers, when the tasks are performed in controlled and noiseree environments. However, current algorithms and processors are not yet powerful enough for real-time large-vocabulary conversational speech recognition in noisy, real-world environments. Parallel processing can improve the real-time performance of speech recognition systems and increase their applicability, and developing an effective approach to parallelization is especially important given the recent trend toward multi-core processor design. In this dissertation, we introduce methods for parallelizing a single-pass across-word n-gram lexical-tree based Viterbi recognizer, which is the most popular architecture for Viterbi-based …
Synthesis And Biochemical Studies On Sulfated Monomers Of Low Molecular Weight Lignins, Jenson Verghese
Synthesis And Biochemical Studies On Sulfated Monomers Of Low Molecular Weight Lignins, Jenson Verghese
Theses and Dissertations
Anticoagulants are used as the first line therapy for management and prevention of thrombotic disorders. Thrombin and factor Xa have been the prime targets for regulation of the coagulation cascade. In this work, a small library of 17 benzofuran derivatives were synthesized and screened against thrombin and factor Xa. The derivatives that displayed inhibitory potential were docked on the exosite-II of factor Xa using a docking protocol that was developed in our research group. These compounds were based on the β-5 structural unit found in the oligomer -'CDSO3‘, which was prepared in our lab and was found to inhibit both …
Time Course Of Vascular Function Changes Following An Acute Maximal Exercise Bout In Obese And Normal Weight Males, R. Lee Franco
Time Course Of Vascular Function Changes Following An Acute Maximal Exercise Bout In Obese And Normal Weight Males, R. Lee Franco
Theses and Dissertations
One of the earliest sub-clinical stages associated with atherosclerosis is endothelial dysfunction (ED), which has been shown to predict future cardiovascular events. Chronic exercise is thought to improve endothelium-dependent vasodilation; however, few studies have evaluated the effects of acute exercise on vascular function (VF). Moreover, studies evaluating ED following an exercise training program lack a standardized time frame in which to measure VF. Although most studies require subjects to abstain from exercise for 24 hours prior to any VF measure, no study to date has assessed VF longer than 24 hours after the cessation of exercise. Additionally, no studies have …
Heterogeneity Effects In Plutonium Contaminated Soil, Orlando M. Chaparro
Heterogeneity Effects In Plutonium Contaminated Soil, Orlando M. Chaparro
Theses and Dissertations
In 1960 at the McGuire Air Force Base, New Egypt, New Jersey a helium tank ruptured causing a fire to ignite a nearby nuclear tipped Boeing Michigan Aeronautical Research Center (BOMARC) missile. During the fire the weapons grade plutonium (Pu- 239, Pu-240, and Pu-241) ignited and was released into the surrounding area, due to both firefighting efforts, where high pressure water was used to put out the fire, as well as smoke that deposited plutonium as oxidized particles in the surrounding area (Cicotte, 2007). This study investigates the heterogeneity of the distributed plutonium contamination in the McGuire Air Force Base …
Formulation Of A Fruit Slush Using Evaporated Sweet Whey, Reginald Carl Sean Johnson
Formulation Of A Fruit Slush Using Evaporated Sweet Whey, Reginald Carl Sean Johnson
Theses and Dissertations
Wheyruit slush formulas were evaluated prior to consumer testing of pre-selected formulated beverages. Varying ingredients were prepared in accordance to a factorial design of maximum use of whey and minimum use of additional ingredients. Whey was obtained from the Mississippi State University Dairy Processing Plant and evaporated. The evaporated sweet whey was combined with blueberries, cherry concentrate, Splenda®, water and ice. Sensory tests were conducted to evaluate appearance, flavor and overall acceptability of formulations. Panelists were asked to participate in a survey to elaborate personal perceptions of the products. Formulation of 125mL whey and 30g blueberries had the higher acceptability …
Advancements In Selenium Speciation, Fast Gas Analysis And Sample Preparation Procedures For The Chemical Analysis Of Real-World Samples., Mark Timothy Roberge
Advancements In Selenium Speciation, Fast Gas Analysis And Sample Preparation Procedures For The Chemical Analysis Of Real-World Samples., Mark Timothy Roberge
Theses and Dissertations
The Pulsed Discharge Helium Ionization Detector (PDHID) was compared to the Flame Ionization Detector (FID) and the Thermal Conductivity Detector (TCD) for High Speed Gas Chromatography (HSGC). It was shown that the PDHID is as sensitive as the FID but can be less reproducible. Moreover, the PDHID is more sensitive and more universal than the TCD. The prospect of a portable PDHID was explored but, a required helium purifier uses more power than is feasible for portability. The PDHID was used to detect hydrogen and methane separated from the matrix components of breath samples with over an order of magnitude …
Investigating And Modeling Possible Mechanisms By Which Healthy Cell Membranes Become Resistant To Hydrolysis By Secretory Phospholipase A2, Jennifer Nelson
Investigating And Modeling Possible Mechanisms By Which Healthy Cell Membranes Become Resistant To Hydrolysis By Secretory Phospholipase A2, Jennifer Nelson
Theses and Dissertations
Secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) behaves differently toward the membranes of healthy cells compared to those of damaged or dying cells. The enzyme catalyzes rapid and sustained hydrolysis of compromised cells consistent with a simple catalytic mechanism. In contrast, when healthy cells are incubated with sPLA2, they become resistant to hydrolytic attack as manifest by three unusual observations: First, hydrolysis is transient and represents only a small fraction of the total membrane phospholipid content. Second, subsequent addition of sPLA2 fails to generate additional product. Third, the apparent potency of the enzyme to cause the membrane to be refractory is much greater …
Boot Camp For The Psyche: Inoculative Nonfiction And Pre-Memory Structures As Preemptive Trauma Mediation In Fiction And Film, Jacob Michael Hodgen
Boot Camp For The Psyche: Inoculative Nonfiction And Pre-Memory Structures As Preemptive Trauma Mediation In Fiction And Film, Jacob Michael Hodgen
Theses and Dissertations
While some theorists have hinted at various social functions served by the gothic genre—such as providing an outlet for grief, anxiety, and violence in their various forms—recent research within the last few decades into sociology, military science, and trauma studies supplies compelling new ways of rereading the horror genre. In addition to providing an outlet for grief, anxiety, and violence in their various forms, horror media can now be read as a preemptive measure in an effort to mediate the immediate and long-term effects of the trauma and horror faced by humanity. I argue that in much the same way …
Preventing Weight Gain In First Year College Students: An Internet-Based Intervention, Rachel Gow
Preventing Weight Gain In First Year College Students: An Internet-Based Intervention, Rachel Gow
Theses and Dissertations
The transition to college has been identified as a critical period for increases in overweight status. Overweight college students are at-risk of becoming obese adults, thus prevention efforts targeting college age individuals might be one key to reducing adult obesity rates. The current study developed and implemented an intensive, 6-session, internet intervention. This intervention was evaluated with first year college students assigned randomly to one of four treatment conditions: 1) no treatment, 2) 6-week weight and caloric feedback only, 3) 6-week internet intervention, and 4) 6-week combined feedback and internet intervention. As expected, the combined intervention group had lower BMI …
Microfluidic Power Generation, Aaron J. Sprecher
Microfluidic Power Generation, Aaron J. Sprecher
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis includes the detailed mathematical calculations used to determine the feasibility of harnessing electrical energy from the blood flow through human capillaries. The designs are inspired by human physiology and well established electromagnetic energy harvesting techniques and the fabrication methods have been proposed for the various components of the device. The fabrication and the design of these components have also been extensively analyzed using calculations based on the governing principles of microfluidics, kinetics, and electromagnetics. The analysis has confirmed that this design can produce sufficient energy to power a MEMS device using non-standard materials and fabrication methods. The designs …
Optimization Of Therapeutic Strategies For Organophosphate Poisoning, Gregory G. Seaman
Optimization Of Therapeutic Strategies For Organophosphate Poisoning, Gregory G. Seaman
Theses and Dissertations
The National Preparedness Vision requires the U.S. be prepared to prevent, protect against, respond to, and recover from all hazards associated with a chemical attack. Results of this study demonstrate that we cannot protect service members and first responders as required following a nerve agent attack. The research presented herein aimed to construct a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to determine optimal therapeutic strategies for organophosphate (nerve agent) poisoning. The constructed model integrated organophosphates and two antidotes, atropine and oximes. Model results reasonably mirrored literature data and anecdotal observations of organophosphate poisoning. Results suggest a symptoms-based dosing strategy of atropine and …