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Education For All: The Freedmen's Bureau Schools In Richmond And Petersburg, 1865 - 1870, Scott Britton Hansen Jan 2008

Education For All: The Freedmen's Bureau Schools In Richmond And Petersburg, 1865 - 1870, Scott Britton Hansen

Theses and Dissertations

This study examines the development of Freedmen's Bureau schools in Central Virginia at the end of the Civil War. Under the watchful eye of Ralza Manly, Superintendent of the Virginia Freedmen's Bureau education division, establishing schools for freed slaves faced innumerable challenges ranging from inadequate financial resources to hostile southern whites who opposed northern intervention into local affairs. Nevertheless, northern benevolent societies and hundreds of altruistic, yet paternalistic, educational missionaries converged on Richmond and Petersburg determined that education was essential if blacks were to achieve true freedom and become self-reliant and independent. While the Bureau devoted much of its energy …


A Science & Mathematics Magnet School At Maymont, Sarah Shamus Nakfoor Jan 2008

A Science & Mathematics Magnet School At Maymont, Sarah Shamus Nakfoor

Theses and Dissertations

I am interested in the idea that schools should be designed to offer individualized learning."A Science & Mathematics Magnet School at Maymont" explores a type of school that is becoming more familiar and accessible. By allowing students who have an interest in excelling in school and preparing for their future careers to come together and meet one another and experience aneducation that might not otherwise be available can be beneficial in many ways. In most cases, because of the funding required for such specialized schools, class sizes are reduced to meet budgets and the schools are opened to the community …


Examining Student Engagement And Its Influence In A Social Contextual Model Of Adolescent Health Behavior Change, Ian Joseph Wallace Jan 2008

Examining Student Engagement And Its Influence In A Social Contextual Model Of Adolescent Health Behavior Change, Ian Joseph Wallace

Theses and Dissertations

Current theoretical models of health behavior change frequently serve as the theoretical backdrop to adolescent health promotion programs. Yet, despite that each main theory was developed with adults and for adults, appropriate and necessary changes for adolescents are often neglected. The unique values, priorities, and abilities of adolescents are important and therefore necessary to consider during health promotion efforts. The present study explored student engagement, a unique adolescent need that has been shown to facilitate achievement in academic environments. Evidence from the psychological and educational literatures suggests that engagement may uniquely influence the process of health behavior change for adolescents. …


Quantifiying The Depth Of Oral Sedation Using Bispectral Index Monitoring, John Flowers Jan 2008

Quantifiying The Depth Of Oral Sedation Using Bispectral Index Monitoring, John Flowers

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: To determine whether Bispectral Index Monitoring is an effective tool for quantifying sedation depth after the administration of oral drug regimens in children.Methods: This retrospective study reviewed the charts of 75 children who received oral conscious sedation for dental treatment. Data collected from the chart included; 1) BIS values at 5 minute intervals and at five critical events: pre-operative, local anesthesia delivery, rubber dam placement (if utilized), during operative treatment, and postoperatively, 2) behavior ratings at the five critical events and an overall behavior assessment, 3) treatment data, and 4) demographic data. Results: The mean BIS value for orally …


Treatment Outcomes And Retention In Medicaid And Non-Medicaid Orthodontic Patients, Ashkan Ghaffari Jan 2008

Treatment Outcomes And Retention In Medicaid And Non-Medicaid Orthodontic Patients, Ashkan Ghaffari

Theses and Dissertations

Medicaid orthodontic patients have been shown to miss more appointments and break more appliances than self-pay patients, indicating a greater tendency toward non-compliance. Lack of compliance during the post-treatment phase can be detrimental to retention. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in PAR score changes between Medicaid and non-Medicaid patients during and after orthodontic treatment. PAR scores were determined using study models of 43 Medicaid and 39 non-Medicaid patients before and at the end of active treatment, and 24 Medicaid and 42 non-Medicaid patients at the end of treatment and at an average …


Assessment Of Seminary Education On End Of Life Issues, Stefan Hakon Pomrenke Jan 2008

Assessment Of Seminary Education On End Of Life Issues, Stefan Hakon Pomrenke

Theses and Dissertations

Background: The US health care system faces increased costs from end of life (EOL) care. The intensive approach to EOL treatment with greater use of procedures in ICUs has led to decedent spending six times greater than that of survivors in the hospital. Experts in ICU and Palliative care fields have called for greater utilization of end of life planning and education. To date, EOL education has been dominated by the technologically driven medical field and the church has been under-utilized. The US population relies on clergy support for many mental health and EOL issues. Clergy report feeling uncomfortable in …


Comparative Practices & Perspectives: Gender, Development And Empowerment In Uttarakhand, India And Northern Virginia, Sara Duke Jan 2008

Comparative Practices & Perspectives: Gender, Development And Empowerment In Uttarakhand, India And Northern Virginia, Sara Duke

Theses and Dissertations

The following thesis is a qualitative comparative case study which investigated the values, practices, perspectives, and strategies of Indian and American community organizers (practitioners and volunteers of non-profits and non-governmental organizations) who use microfinance, including savings schemes, as an instrument within the social intermediation process of developing disadvantaged women's capacities for self-sufficiency/empowerment. The focused inquiry was conducted through similarly structured in-depth interviews of directors, staff members and volunteers/community-based organizers of a women's business center in Northern Virginia, a large U.S. metropolitan area, and a women's federation in the rural Himalayas of Uttarakhand, India. Interview questions focused on savings, social intermediation, …


The Effects Of Atomoxetine On Cognitive Performace And Neuroplasticity After Traumatic Brain Injury, Wendy Reid Jan 2008

The Effects Of Atomoxetine On Cognitive Performace And Neuroplasticity After Traumatic Brain Injury, Wendy Reid

Theses and Dissertations

Catecholaminergic neurotransmission is regionally altered following injury, and drugs aimed at these systems offer promising avenues for post-TBI pharmacotherapies. Atomoxetine is a selective norepinephrine transporter (NET) inhibitor currently indicated for treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The studies in this dissertation were designed to test the efficacy of atomoxetine for treating cognitive deficits following experimental TBI and the potential mechanism for any beneficial effect. The first part of the study focused on behavioral recovery following atomoxetine treatment. Several important questions of dose, therapeutic window, and duration of treatment were addressed in these studies. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to lateral fluid-percussion …


Greenlife: A Sustainable Retail Space, Veronica J. Ledford Jan 2008

Greenlife: A Sustainable Retail Space, Veronica J. Ledford

Theses and Dissertations

GreenLife is the name of the retail interior design project that embodies this thesis. Using interior design as a medium to influence customers,I sought to create an environment that promotes a connection to nature and an awareness of creative possiblities within the context of a store. It addresses the problem of personal social responsiblity by using shopping, a dominant activity in the western world, as a tool for change. As a project, GreenLife attempts to answer three questions: How does design inform cultural experience? How can a connection with nature inform consumerism? Can a store transcend its purpose from filling …


A Content Analysis Of Client Hope In Psychotherapy Sessions, Stacie Lyn Cooper Jan 2008

A Content Analysis Of Client Hope In Psychotherapy Sessions, Stacie Lyn Cooper

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to understand the role of hope and how it was expressed by diverse clients in the initial sessions of individual psychotherapy. Five adult clients representing a range of ages, gender, ethnicities, religious/spiritual orientations, and presenting issues were observed in archival videotapes of their 3rd or 5th psychotherapy sessions at two southern California community counseling clinics. Content analysis revealed that client expression of hopefulness during these sessions varied in quantity and quality. Using a modified version of the CHANGE (Change and Growth Experiences Scale; Hayes & Feldman, 2005), the average scores among the 5 participants …


Socializing Youth For Adult Citizenship Roles: The Youth Citizenship Seminar, Melvin L. Musick Jan 2008

Socializing Youth For Adult Citizenship Roles: The Youth Citizenship Seminar, Melvin L. Musick

Theses and Dissertations

This study reports the results of an online questionnaire administered to a sample of adults who participated in a weeklong youth citizenship seminar at a private Christian university between 1986 and 2006. Using constructs put forth by Westheimer & Kahne (2004a), the study finds that former seminar participants demonstrate noteworthy levels of personally responsible and participatory citizenship, but less involvement in justiceoriented citizenship activities. Voting by respondents who were exposed to political issues or discussions held in their home was significant at the <0.05 level. Voting by respondents whose parents were active politically was significant at the <0.01 level. The study is responsive to concerns regarding effective strategies for increasing the probability of adolescents becoming involved citizens as adults. The study also informs the discussion on the developmental roots of civic involvement, and further elaborates the link between adolescent involvement in youth programs and adult civic behavior.


Attitudes And Perceptions Of High School Career And Technical Education In California's Central Valley, Michael Bard De Vore Jan 2008

Attitudes And Perceptions Of High School Career And Technical Education In California's Central Valley, Michael Bard De Vore

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the attitudes and perceptions of community college leadership, union officials and high school school-to-career counselors regarding high school vocational education in the California's Central San Joaquin Valley, and to identify characteristics deemed most necessary in the design of a high school vocational education program. This researcher investigated this problem using the following questions as guides: 1. What are the attitudes/perceptions of community college leaders, union officials and high school school-to-career counselors, regarding high school vocational education in California's Central San Joaquin Valley? 2. How do the attitudes/perceptions of community college …


Client Perceptions Of The Most And Least Helpful Aspects Of Couple Therapy, Jessica Nelson Jan 2008

Client Perceptions Of The Most And Least Helpful Aspects Of Couple Therapy, Jessica Nelson

Theses and Dissertations

Couple therapy research has traditionally utilized either quantitative or qualitative methods to examine the mechanisms of change and outcomes in couple therapy. Also, while studies have examined couples' experiences in therapy, few have specifically examined the most and least helpful aspects of therapy according to the couple. The purpose of the present study was to utilize a mixed-methods design to examine couples' written responses about their experiences in therapy. Two hundred ten individual responses were obtained from a sample of 134 couples who sought Traditional Behavioral Couple Therapy (TBCT) or Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy (IBCT) for marital distress as part …


The Next Generation Of Community College Presidents: Critical Characteristics, Competencies, And Professional Experiences, Kathleen Plinske Jan 2008

The Next Generation Of Community College Presidents: Critical Characteristics, Competencies, And Professional Experiences, Kathleen Plinske

Theses and Dissertations

Community colleges are an essential component of the higher education system and are critical to the nation's economic development. A number of challenges face community colleges, including the anticipated retirement of 84% of community college presidents within the next decade. In order to preserve their vitality, community colleges must be prepared to effectively select candidates to fill a large number of presidential vacancies. While the ultimate authority for hiring a community college president resides with boards of trustees, few studies have directly explored the perceptions of trustees regarding the desired qualifications of an ideal presidential candidate. The purpose of this …


Iranian Americans And The Mmpi-2: Considering Cultural Factors In The Assessment Of Psychopathology, Negar Shekarabi Jan 2008

Iranian Americans And The Mmpi-2: Considering Cultural Factors In The Assessment Of Psychopathology, Negar Shekarabi

Theses and Dissertations

Psychological assessment is essential for the purposes of diagnosis and case conceptualization, design and implementation of therapeutic interventions, and referral decisions for adjunctive services. The development of assessment tools that are culturally appropriate and meet the needs of diverse ethnic groups within the United States are necessary to ensure clinical decisions are made with data that are culturally valid for these groups. Of specific interest in this dissertation is the Iranian-American population, which has grown substantially in the United States over the last two decades. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) is one of the most commonly used assessment tools …


The Influence Of Environmental Factors And Organizational Characteristics On Innovations In Family Medicine Practices In Virginia, Debora Goetz Goldberg Jan 2008

The Influence Of Environmental Factors And Organizational Characteristics On Innovations In Family Medicine Practices In Virginia, Debora Goetz Goldberg

Theses and Dissertations

Family medicine practices are currently threatened by factors such as poor reimbursement, physician stress, shortage of providers, and difficulties in providing prompt access and reliable continuity of care. The external environment faced by family medicine practices is extremely complex and characterized by high pressure from regulatory sources, decreasing reimbursement levels, an increasing rate of change in technologies and care delivery processes, and increasing patient and community expectations. Over the last several years there have been many efforts in family medicine to respond to the challenges presented by the external environment. The majority of these efforts focus on redesigning the delivery …


Information-Seeking Behaviors Of Practicing Dental Hygienists In Virginia, Joan Marie Pellegrini Jan 2008

Information-Seeking Behaviors Of Practicing Dental Hygienists In Virginia, Joan Marie Pellegrini

Theses and Dissertations

This study explored how currently licensed, active dental hygiene practitioners in the Commonwealth of \firginia, retrieve, validate and process new knowledge in the discipline which provides a basis for clinical decisions on selection of dental hygiene interventions for patients. The research design was a non experimental, correlational design using mail survey methodology. A self-developed questionnaire was mailed to 500 practicing dental hygienists in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The survey contained questions on demographics of the respondent, current methods of retrieving new information in the discipline, and preferences for information retrieval. The completed surveys that were returned yielded a 52.7% response …


A Comparison Of Ordinary Least Squares And Instrumental Variables Regression For High Intensity Disease Management Evaluation, Gerald A. Craver Jan 2008

A Comparison Of Ordinary Least Squares And Instrumental Variables Regression For High Intensity Disease Management Evaluation, Gerald A. Craver

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: Disease management (DM) programs are typically evaluated using study designs that are susceptible to selection bias and other internal validity threats because participants are often allowed to self-select into the programs. As a result, DM evaluation results are usually biased because researchers are unable to control for preexisting differences between the DM participants and non-participants. Linden and Adams (2006) offer an instrumental variables (IV) regression procedure as a means of deriving unbiased estimates of DM program effectiveness. However, IV regression relies upon the existence of one or more variables (or instruments) that produce considerable variation in the program participation …


Enzymology And Molecular Biology Of Bile Acid 7alpha- And 7beta- Dehydroxylation By The Intestinal Bacteria Clostridium Scindens And Clostridium Hylemonae, Jason Michael Ridlon Jan 2008

Enzymology And Molecular Biology Of Bile Acid 7alpha- And 7beta- Dehydroxylation By The Intestinal Bacteria Clostridium Scindens And Clostridium Hylemonae, Jason Michael Ridlon

Theses and Dissertations

The collective microbial genomes within our gut(microbiome) represent a powerful metabolic force, leading many authors to call our GI flora an "organ within an organ", and the metagenomic sequencing of our microbiome, "the second human genome project". Bile acids, endogenously produced by the host liver, represent both a strong selective pressure for potential colonizers, aswell as substrates for microbial metabolism. Indeed, microbes have evolved enzymes to deconjugate bile salts, epimerize bile acid hydroxyl groups, and 7alpha-dehydroxylateprimary bile acids. The products of microbial 7alpha-dehydroxylation, secondary bile acids, are suggested by numerous lines of evidence to be involved in promoting colon carcinogenesis. …


Flow-Acting: Modern Sports Science And The Preparation Of Actors, Barrett Slade Billew Jan 2008

Flow-Acting: Modern Sports Science And The Preparation Of Actors, Barrett Slade Billew

Theses and Dissertations

Theatre artists and acting teachers throughout history have sought to find and create presence. By combining modern sports science with an understanding of systems of actor training I have suggested an approach that makes presence a trainable skill. My coach Dr. Scott Sonnon, developer of the Circular Strength Training System, has refined modern sports science to emphasize the development and maintenance of flow-state. This state allows the athlete to respond openly and freely within a constantly changing situation.By combining my life long study of acting with my eight years of work with Coach Sonnon I am developing a system to …


Developing A Multi-Objective Decision Model For Maximizing Is Security Within An Organization, Jeffrey Lee May Jan 2008

Developing A Multi-Objective Decision Model For Maximizing Is Security Within An Organization, Jeffrey Lee May

Theses and Dissertations

Numerous IS researchers have argued that IS Security can be more effectively managed if the emphasis goes beyond the technical means of protecting information resources. In an effort to adopt a broader perspective that accounts for issues that transcend technical means alone, Dhillon and Torkzadeh (2006) present an array of 9 fundamental and 16 means objectives that are essential for maximizing IS security in an organization. These objectives were derived using a value-focused thinking approach and are organized into a conceptual framework. This conceptual framework provides a rigorous theoretical base for considering IS security in a manner that accounts for …


Esthetic Posterior Stainless Steel Crowns And Their Relative Shear Strengths, Lonny Dale Carmichael Jan 2008

Esthetic Posterior Stainless Steel Crowns And Their Relative Shear Strengths, Lonny Dale Carmichael

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate esthetic posterior stainless steel crowns (EP-SSC) and compare their relative shear strengths.Methods: Sixty EP-SSC were compared. 15 crowns from NuSmile® Primary Crowns, Kinder Krowns, and Dental Innovators 1UP and EC Crowns were studied. The crowns were cemented to a typodont tooth then thermally cycled in water baths to simulate oral conditions. Shear strengths were evaluated by subjecting these crowns to simulated forces of occlusion.Results: The force required to cause shearing of the esthetic facings was statistically significant. With the 1UP crown being significantly weaker than the other crowns tested. Conclusion: The …


Comparison Of Emergence Behavior In Pediatric Dental Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia With Sevoflurane Versus Desflurane, Carla Lalande Jan 2008

Comparison Of Emergence Behavior In Pediatric Dental Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia With Sevoflurane Versus Desflurane, Carla Lalande

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: To determine which maintenance gas (sevoflurane versus desflurane) resulted in a faster emergence from general anesthesia and investigate the patient's emergence agitation. Methods: One group was maintained during general anesthesia with sevoflurane and the other with desflurane. Upon emergence the patient's behavior was evaluated.Results: The average emergence time for desflurane was 9.8; while the average for sevoflurane was 13.98 minutes. Patients who received premedication had an emergence time of 15.43 minutes, while patients who received no premedication emerged after 8.34 minutes.Zofran® was a significant predictor of purposeful actions. Patients were more aware of their surroundings when they received Zofran® …


How Well Does Spirituality Predict Health Status In People Living With Hiv-Disease?, Rachel Kidd Cobb Jan 2008

How Well Does Spirituality Predict Health Status In People Living With Hiv-Disease?, Rachel Kidd Cobb

Theses and Dissertations

Problem: The United States of America has one of the highest number of HIV infections in the world; approximately 1.3 million people in North America were living with HIV in 2007. Factors influencing HIV survival are essential to disease management and care. Research findings suggest religion and spirituality may be essential components to health and well-being in individuals with HIV-Disease. Purpose: This study was designed to determine how well spirituality predicted health status in a convenience sample of 39 adults diagnosed with HIV-Disease. Procedure: A model building approach was used to explore relationships among the five variables of the Neuman …


A Study Of Immigrant English Language Educational Risk Factors And Reading Performance At Best Elementary School, Taime L. Bengochea Jan 2008

A Study Of Immigrant English Language Educational Risk Factors And Reading Performance At Best Elementary School, Taime L. Bengochea

Theses and Dissertations

English Language Learner (ELL) immigrant students at Best Elementary School (BES) are underperforming in reading as measured by state mandated tests. The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors that most affect BES immigrant English language learners' ability to read in English. Correlational research was utilized in this study to evaluate the relationships among demographic information, English reading performance and literature-based risk factors associated with 95 BES Immigrant English Learner students. The findings from this study revealed that students who went to school in their home country, older students, and those who learned to read in another …


A Study Of The Long Range Effects Of Reading Recovery On Student Achievement On The Arkansas Benchmark Examination, Elizabeth Jane Wyatt Jan 2008

A Study Of The Long Range Effects Of Reading Recovery On Student Achievement On The Arkansas Benchmark Examination, Elizabeth Jane Wyatt

Theses and Dissertations

The study examined the progress made by discontinued Reading Recovery ® students three years beyond the initial Reading Recovery intervention. It also examined the relationship between former discontinued Reading Recovery students and the need for additional literacy support from second to fourth grade. The students' results on the Arkansas Benchmark Examination were used to determine the progress made three years following the initial Reading Recovery intervention. These results were compared to the average scores of non-Reading Recovery students. Based on the findings, former Reading Recovery students are performing at the basic or above level on the Arkansas Benchmark Examination.


African American Student Affairs Administrators At Predominantly White Institutions: Factors That Contribute To Their Success, Levester Gardner Jr. Jan 2008

African American Student Affairs Administrators At Predominantly White Institutions: Factors That Contribute To Their Success, Levester Gardner Jr.

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of the study was to explore the experiences of African American student affairs administrators at predominantly white universities and the factors that contribute to their success. The study focused specifically on African American student affairs administrators at predominantly white institutions and their lived experiences. Through the use of phenomenological methods of inquiry, a purposive sample of fourteen African American Student Affairs Administrators from predominantly white institutions were selected and interviewed. The conceptual framework for the present study consisted of a set of variables that influence the success of African American student affairs administrators at predominantly white institutions. Some …


Delineation Of Malignant Areas In Histological Images Of Head -Neck Cancer, Mutlu Mete Jan 2008

Delineation Of Malignant Areas In Histological Images Of Head -Neck Cancer, Mutlu Mete

Theses and Dissertations

Histopathology remains one of the most critical steps in diagnosis and treatment of any kind of cancer. Recently, the improvements in imaging techniques led to the discovery of virtual histological slides, which in fact are high resolution images with a resolution of 0.25 μm/pixel. These images enabled researchers to investigate cancer cell morphologies at the finest level. Traditionally, assessment of tumor margins is done manually by a histopathologist. The procedure requires histological processing of the tumor and examining multiple tissue sections. The number of sections varies based on the size, location, and type of tumor. The recognition of cancer areas …


Evaluating Cancer Protein Identification From Mass Spectroscopy Data, Philip Hudson Williams Jan 2008

Evaluating Cancer Protein Identification From Mass Spectroscopy Data, Philip Hudson Williams

Theses and Dissertations

Early detection of ovarian cancer substantially increases patient survivability. Mass spectrometry data sets for the purpose of research into early detection methods have been funded by the National Ovarian Cancer Early Detection Program, gynecologic oncology clinic at Northwestern University Chicago IL, USA. Researchers have applied different machine learning methods for classification on several of the spectra data sets, (including the most recent produced on an ABI Hybrid Pulsar QqTOF instrument (Q-Star) mass spectrometer) for the purpose of predicting cancer. While identification of the proteins or metabolites within these spectra is not required for early detection, it would give a better …


Growing Up Separate: An Oral History Of The College Educational And Career Outcomes Of Black Graduates From A Rural, Segregated Public High School From 1954 To 1969, George Ann Newsome Stallings Jan 2008

Growing Up Separate: An Oral History Of The College Educational And Career Outcomes Of Black Graduates From A Rural, Segregated Public High School From 1954 To 1969, George Ann Newsome Stallings

Theses and Dissertations

Using an oral history format, the qualitative study of graduates from Sparkman Training School, an all-Black small, rural school in Sparkman, Arkansas, sought to identify factors evident in this segregated school that enhanced the chances for those graduates in becoming successful in college. The four research questions of the study sought factors in the segregated experience that motivated participants to attend college, helped prepare them for college, contributed to their academic persistence to college graduation, and contributed to a successful collegiate experience. Seven former teachers and 24 of the 35 identified college graduates from 1954 to the school’s closing in …