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Proximal Policy Optimization Applied To The Beyond Visual Range Air Combat Maneuvering Problem, Daniel B. Joseph Mar 2025

Proximal Policy Optimization Applied To The Beyond Visual Range Air Combat Maneuvering Problem, Daniel B. Joseph

Theses and Dissertations

Artificial intelligence (AI) grows ever-more important in warfighting. Emerging technologies allow for the use of AI to control aircraft and weapons systems. This research investigates the application of reinforcement learning (RL) through the Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algorithm to a two-versus-two (2v2) beyond-visual-range (BVR) air combat maneuvering problem (ACMP). Implemented in the Advanced Framework for Simulation, Integration, and Modeling (AFSIM), the methodology frames the engagement as a Markov decision process, wherein an autonomous RL agent learns continuous control decisions—throttle, pitch, roll, and yaw—under a cooperative communication scheme. A multi-phase curriculum-learning approach facilitates the progressive acquisition of flight stability, weapon deployment, …


Machine Learning Techniques To Predict Solar Particle Events And Radiation Of Aircrew, Haley Traub Mar 2025

Machine Learning Techniques To Predict Solar Particle Events And Radiation Of Aircrew, Haley Traub

Theses and Dissertations

Solar Particle Events (SPEs) are high-energy phenomena from the Sun that pose risks to technology, human health, and Air Force operations. Accurate prediction of SPEs exceeding 100 MeV is crucial for mitigating these risks. This thesis explores using Bayesian statistical models to predict such events, integrating prior knowledge from solar physics with the ability to update predictions based on new data. The research uses a dataset spanning three solar cycles (21–23) and incorporates attributes like flare fluence, peak flux, latitude, longitude, and class. Four Bayesian models (PyMC, Bnlearn, and two Dredge models) were compared to machine learning models. The Bayesian …


Mediating And Moderating Effects Of Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, Perceptions Of External Markets, And Work-Life Balance On Employee Retention, Naya J. Gillespie Mar 2025

Mediating And Moderating Effects Of Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, Perceptions Of External Markets, And Work-Life Balance On Employee Retention, Naya J. Gillespie

Theses and Dissertations

Employee retention remains a critical challenge for organizations across industries, particularly in environments with high turnover rates and competitive external job markets. This thesis examines the correlations between organizational commitment, job satisfaction, work-life balance, and perceptions of external job markets to uncover their collective and individual impacts on employee retention. Using quantitative research design, data was collected through an online survey of 240 participants across various hierarchical levels. Key findings indicate that organizational commitment and job satisfaction significantly influence retention, with job satisfaction also serving as a mediator between organizational commitment and turnover intentions. Work-life balance plays a direct role …


Cloud One Migration Duration And Its Drivers, Grayson T. Hall Mar 2025

Cloud One Migration Duration And Its Drivers, Grayson T. Hall

Theses and Dissertations

As modern warfare evolves with rapid technological advancements, cloud computing plays a critical role in managing the vast amounts of data required for real-time decision making, as well as enabling seamless organizational access to mission-critical programs and information from around the globe. Recognizing its importance, the Department of Defense (DoD) identified cloud computing as essential for maintaining the military’s technological edge. However, despite cloud computing’s strategic significance, the DoD faces challenges in successfully implementing department-wide cloud computing. In contrast, the Air Force’s cloud computing environment, Cloud One, is fully operational and has already integrated over 145 systems into its platform. …


Using Mbse To Facilitate Integration And Stakeholder Support For Autonomous Aerial Refueling Flight Test, Kevin G. Keth Mar 2025

Using Mbse To Facilitate Integration And Stakeholder Support For Autonomous Aerial Refueling Flight Test, Kevin G. Keth

Theses and Dissertations

he Department of Defense has pushed to implement Digital Material Management, to include Engineering (DE) and Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) into acquisition processes, publishing various supporting documents such as the Systems Engineering Guidebook, DoDI 5000.97 Digital Engineering, and DoD Reference Architecture Description. DE and MBSE aims to establish a digital authoritative source of truth accessible to all stakeholders responsible for system architecture. However, within multidisciplinary teams, individuals often come from diverse professional backgrounds unrelated to DE and systems engineering, making it challenging to fully leverage the benefits of the digital model. This paper describes an MBSE model that adopts a …


Safety-Driven Concept Development Using System Theoretic Process Analysis Extended For Coordination In A Model Based Environment: A Case Study On Autonomous Satellite Teaming, Taylor L. Matarazzo Mar 2025

Safety-Driven Concept Development Using System Theoretic Process Analysis Extended For Coordination In A Model Based Environment: A Case Study On Autonomous Satellite Teaming, Taylor L. Matarazzo

Theses and Dissertations

Rigorous system safety analysis methods, allow programs to identify potential problems helping to minimize their impact to program schedules and budgets. In the contested, congested, and competitive space environment, coordination within and between systems is critical to mission success. System Theoretic Process Analysis extended for Coordination (STPA-coord) can prescriptively analyze these coordination interactions. STPA-coord shifts the conversation of system safety from elements ofreliability to elements of control, providing insights that holistically analyze the system. As studies suggest, decisions made early in a systems design determine 80-86% of a programs final cost, therefore integrating system safety as early into design can …


Weighed And Measured: Toward An Evaluation Method For Digital Models In Source Selection, Liam N. O'Neill Mar 2025

Weighed And Measured: Toward An Evaluation Method For Digital Models In Source Selection, Liam N. O'Neill

Theses and Dissertations

Inspired by a recent model-based source selection conducted by the Advanced Range Threat System (ARTS) Program Office at Hill AFB, this research effort explored the development of new tools the DoD could use when evaluating models submitted with proposals. Specifically, the effort aimed to incorporate the Multi-Objective Decisions Analysis (MODA) framework into SysML diagrams as a solution for technical evaluations on models submitted with offeror proposals, eventually producing the Model-Based Decision Tool (MBDT). The MBDT is built from a Value Hierarchy based on key system requirements, each weighted by priority and measured by their own Single-Dimensional Value Functions (SDVFs). By …


Developing Core Competencies For The Air Force Civil Engineer Asset Management Career Field, David A. Rochester Mar 2025

Developing Core Competencies For The Air Force Civil Engineer Asset Management Career Field, David A. Rochester

Theses and Dissertations

The United States Air Force (USAF) relies on a highly trained and capable workforce to maintain and manage its infrastructure, ensuring mission readiness and operational effectiveness. However, the increasing complexity of asset management, aging infrastructure, and evolving global threats necessitate a structured approach to developing the competencies required for Air Force Civil Engineer Asset Managers. This research aims to identify, develop, and validate core competencies specific to this career field, utilizing a structured methodology that combines an Education Working Group (EWG) with a Delphi study. The study begins with an expert-led EWG to generate an initial list of competencies based …


An Analysis Of Supervisor Job Satisfaction During Telework In The Covid-19 Pandemic, Corey L. Rucker Mar 2025

An Analysis Of Supervisor Job Satisfaction During Telework In The Covid-19 Pandemic, Corey L. Rucker

Theses and Dissertations

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly reshaped workplace practices, accelerating the adoption of telework. This study examines the job satisfaction of supervisors in telework environments, focusing on qualitative analysis of survey responses from 41 supervisors in the Department of Defense (DoD). Through thematic analysis, the research identifies key factors influencing supervisor satisfaction. These themes include flexibility, communication challenges, resource gaps, and the unique stressors of managing remote teams. Findings reveal that while telework offers benefits such as improved work-life balance and productivity, it also presents challenges like reduced team cohesion, blurred work-home boundaries, and difficulties in performance management. Grounded in Herzberg’s Two-Factor …


Numerical Studies Of Semiclassical Light Storage Using The Coherent Atomic Transfer Function, Zachary T. Johnson Mar 2025

Numerical Studies Of Semiclassical Light Storage Using The Coherent Atomic Transfer Function, Zachary T. Johnson

Theses and Dissertations

Quantum communication through photons relies on photonic storage to preserve quantum states. However, when photons interact with matter, quantum information becomes distorted. A recently developed semi-classical analytical model predicts output light pulses from an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) system. Using the predictions, the model known as the Coherent Atomic Transfer (CAT) Function, is capable of predicting the stored pulse or reconstructing the original pulse. Using numerical convolution and deconvolution with the CAT function as an analog of the point spread function of Fourier optics can provide insights on the effects of EIT storage on the retrieved pulse. Blind deconvolution is …


Quantum Ghost Imaging Through An Atmospheric Turbulence Simulator, Mikaela R. Morris Mar 2025

Quantum Ghost Imaging Through An Atmospheric Turbulence Simulator, Mikaela R. Morris

Theses and Dissertations

The use of single photons and photon pairs has become a cornerstone for new developments in the sensing and imaging community for their ability to improve image resolution and signal to noise readings in low light environments and large standoff distances. Quantum imaging techniques have an ability to overcome the fundamental limits of classical imaging, like diffraction. Quantum ghost imaging, a specific type of quantum imaging, uses a bi-photon pair produced during the process of spontaneous parametric down conversion to produce an image. The pair is split using a beam splitter, the signal photon is transmitted through an aperture and …


Reflected Laser Light As A Diagnostic Insight For Femtosecond Laser-Plasma Coupling, David S. Stiles Mar 2025

Reflected Laser Light As A Diagnostic Insight For Femtosecond Laser-Plasma Coupling, David S. Stiles

Theses and Dissertations

High-energy laser technology is critical for military, scientific, and industrial applications, but traditional mixed-radiation facilities are hindered by cost, scheduling constraints, and lack of portability. A high-repetition-rate, cost-effective alternative is needed to meet evolving application needs and timelines. This study investigates changes in reflected laser intensity to diagnose coupling efficiency and optimize energetic particle generation in ultraintense laser-target interactions. Using an ultraintense 35 femtosecond, 9 - 12 mJ laser and a deuterated water target, reflected laser light was captured via high-resolution imaging, while energetic electron and X-ray data were collected using a custom spectrometer and ion chamber, respectively. Statistical analysis …


Implications Of Magnetic Evolution On Coronal Loop Thermal Variation Prior To Solar Flares, Kara L. Kniezewski Mar 2025

Implications Of Magnetic Evolution On Coronal Loop Thermal Variation Prior To Solar Flares, Kara L. Kniezewski

Theses and Dissertations

Solar flares are intense bursts of electromagnetic radiation, which occur due to a rapid destabilization and reconnection of the magnetic field. While flares are a magnetic phenomena, very little attention has been paid to thermal conditions in the corona prior to flare onset. This study serves as a follow-on to Kniezewski et al., 2024, where the EUV emission from coronal loops was observed to vary substantially and without any coherence between channels before 53 off-limb flares. These variations suggest multiple mechanisms within the coronal magnetic field are responsible for heating fluctuations. Here, the 3D magnetic field is modeled using a …


Universal Model Based Systems Engineering Rendezvous And Proximity Operations Mission Planner, Thomas J. Kelly Mar 2025

Universal Model Based Systems Engineering Rendezvous And Proximity Operations Mission Planner, Thomas J. Kelly

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis addresses the fragmentation and inefficiencies in current Rendezvous and Proximity Operations (RPO) mission planning by developing an integrated Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) framework. The research explores the design and implementation of RPO missions using System Modeling Language (SysML) and Matlab-based physics simulation to improve mission planning processes. Key objectives include the standardization of mission requirement characterization, the development of evaluation criteria for mission plans, and the implementation of iterative design methods to refine RPO strategies. The study leverages the Hill-Clohessy-Wiltshire (HCW) equations for initial mission planning, incorporating rigid-body attitude control with properties generated from the physical description, and …


Approximating Three-Body Trajectories With A Knot Theory Inspired Model For Orbit Generation And Determination, Mason R. Mill Mar 2025

Approximating Three-Body Trajectories With A Knot Theory Inspired Model For Orbit Generation And Determination, Mason R. Mill

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis explores a novel approach to approximating three-body trajectories using a knot theory-inspired model for orbit generation and determination. Traditional methods for solving the Circular Restricted Three-Body Problem (CR3BP) rely on numerical integration and correction schemes to generate trajectories, often requiring iterative refinements. This research investigates the application of knot theory principles—such as torus knots, Alexander polynomials, and Reidemeister moves—to categorize and model complex orbital trajectories in the CR3BP. By leveraging these mathematical tools, the study aims to enhance trajectory prediction, orbit determination, and mission planning for spacecraft operating in the cislunar environment. The results demonstrate that knot theory …


Heterogeneous Boid Swarm Performance Under Environmental And Neighbor Communication Link Variability, Jonathan C. Oxborrow Mar 2025

Heterogeneous Boid Swarm Performance Under Environmental And Neighbor Communication Link Variability, Jonathan C. Oxborrow

Theses and Dissertations

Artificial swarms are of growing interest in numerous fields and use cases. As their utilization increases drones and robots with different capabilities will be required to coordinate for task completion thus creating heterogeneous swarms. Swarm individuals generally communicate with all neighbors inside their sensor range generating a significant amount of message traffic. Previous research of a heterogeneous group in a non-physical environment has shown that restricting communication to only one neighbor of each different capability maintained performance. This work applies that finding to a heterogeneous boid swarm with the addition of varied environmental conditions. The swarm is comprised of three …


Palindrome: A Bi-Directional Multi-Object Detection Framework For Relative Navigation And Autonomous Docking, Liam A. Weinfurtner Mar 2025

Palindrome: A Bi-Directional Multi-Object Detection Framework For Relative Navigation And Autonomous Docking, Liam A. Weinfurtner

Theses and Dissertations

This work introduces a bi-directional, multi-object detection framework that integrates pose estimates from both receiver- and tanker-mounted cameras to improve accuracy and redundancy. A modular YOLO-based detection pipeline is trained using synthetic and real imagery, leveraging a bootstrap transfer learning approach to enhance sim-to-real performance. System evaluation in both virtual and real-world environments demonstrates improved detection robustness, pose estimation accuracy, and scalability. These advancements contribute to the development of AI-driven vision systems for AAR and other autonomous docking applications.


Design And Evaluation Of A Deployment Mechanism For A Space-Based Origami Mirror In Cubesat Missions, Arturo Luna Mar 2025

Design And Evaluation Of A Deployment Mechanism For A Space-Based Origami Mirror In Cubesat Missions, Arturo Luna

Theses and Dissertations

The space environment’s suboptimal lighting conditions and eclipse periods impede inspection and on-orbit servicing missions. To abate this problem, the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) launched the Mirror Illumination for Reconnaissance and Rendezvous of Orbital Resident Systems (MIRRORS) initiative. This initiative provides augmented illumination to resident space objects (RSOs) by reflecting the sun’s rays from a mirror satellite. Leveraging origami-inspired designs for compact packaging, AFIT developed a cube origami flasher mirror constructed from aluminum panels that unfolds passively via Nitinol hinges. This research investigates the necessary deployment and panning mechanisms for a dynamic, space-based origami mirror to advance the …


Deep Reinforcement Learning For Leo Satellite Grouping, James E. Minteer Mar 2025

Deep Reinforcement Learning For Leo Satellite Grouping, James E. Minteer

Theses and Dissertations

This research investigates jamming evasion using DRL to provide an autonomous solution that repositions a geostationary satellite experiencing directed, terrestrial based jamming. Second, this thesis applies DRL to an area of research for LEO satellite constellations, user grouping, using a portion of an Air Force Research Lab reinforcement learning framework. As LEO satellites orbit the earth, they must constantly re-evaluate not only which users they are able to connect to, but on which of its multiple beams. This model succeeds in finding a balance between maximizing signal strength and minimizing overhead from switching user assignments, all while requiring fewer costly …


What Counselors Say Matters For Supporting High School Newcomer Multilingual Learners As They Work Toward Graduation, Sonia Lucrecia Molina Openshaw Feb 2025

What Counselors Say Matters For Supporting High School Newcomer Multilingual Learners As They Work Toward Graduation, Sonia Lucrecia Molina Openshaw

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis explores how high school (HS) counselors describe their work with newcomer multilingual learners (MLs). Using the lens of Yosso’s (2005) Community Cultural Wealth (CCW) framework to identify asset perspectives in their work with these students. They suggest specific supports and barriers impacting these students' academic and social success in school. Findings reveal that counselors often focus on addressing the immediate needs of HS newcomer MLs, such as language acquisition and academic readiness, but less frequently recognize the cultural, linguistic, and social assets students bring to their educational journey. Counselors highlight the importance of systemic supports, including onboarding processes, …


Post-Irradiation Fault Injection For Complex Fpga Designs, Nathan G. Baker Feb 2025

Post-Irradiation Fault Injection For Complex Fpga Designs, Nathan G. Baker

Theses and Dissertations

Fault injection is a common technique for estimating the impact of single-event upsets (SEUs) within the configuration memory (CRAM) of an FPGA design. Fault injection is typically conducted prior to a radiation test to evaluate the effectiveness of SEU mitigation techniques, estimate the FPGA design's behavior at the radiation test, and prepare the radiation test infrastructure. This thesis explores how fault injection can be used after radiation testing to reveal additional insight into an FPGA's behavior during a radiation test. A unique methodology, referred to as post-irradiation fault injection (PIRFI), was developed in which the locations and timestamps of CRAM …


Arabizi (Franco) In Egypt: A Study Of Features, Reasons, Attitudes, And Educational Influence Among Youth In Online Communication, Muhammad Wafa Feb 2025

Arabizi (Franco) In Egypt: A Study Of Features, Reasons, Attitudes, And Educational Influence Among Youth In Online Communication, Muhammad Wafa

Theses and Dissertations

This study explores the phenomenon of Arabizi (Franco) as it is employed by Egyptian youth in online communication, focusing on the sociolinguistic factors that influence language choice, particularly educational background. Through a mixed-methods approach, including quantitative analysis of an online questionnaire using inferential statistics and qualitative examination of text samples, this study investigates the most common language varieties used by Egyptian youth, the underlying reasons for Arabizi's adoption, attitudes towards its usage, and the salient features of this variety of online communication. The findings reveal that Arabizi is widely used among Egyptian youth from all educational backgrounds. It is especially …


A Qualitative Study To Determine Teacher Self-Efficacy In Active Shooter Incidents In One Catholic Secondary School, Albert Spiegel Feb 2025

A Qualitative Study To Determine Teacher Self-Efficacy In Active Shooter Incidents In One Catholic Secondary School, Albert Spiegel

Theses and Dissertations

Active shooter incidents in K-12 schools pose a significant threat to schools throughout the country. Presently, there is a gap in the existing literature regarding the readiness of Catholic secondary school teachers for active shooter scenarios, particularly in terms of assessing their self-efficacy levels for such incidents. The purpose of this qualitative descriptive embedded case study was to determine Catholic secondary school teachers’ sources of self-efficacy in responding to active shooter incidents and to explore how those sources of self-efficacy contributed to teachers’ active shooter preparedness. The aim of this study was to explore the sources of teachers' self-efficacy in …


A Multi-Model And Multi-Agency Approach To Expand The Flood Inundation Mapping Capacity Of The Us National Water Center, Samuel Jay Oldham Feb 2025

A Multi-Model And Multi-Agency Approach To Expand The Flood Inundation Mapping Capacity Of The Us National Water Center, Samuel Jay Oldham

Theses and Dissertations

The most accurate numerical model for simulating flood extents of rivers has long been a subject of debate. While specialized models exist for specific hydraulic features, we advocate for the principle that the best model is the one the user is familiar with, has adequate data to support input requirements and limitations, and will consistently employ. To support this approach, we have developed a database schema optimized to store riverine flood inundation model output files. This schema is designed to assist U.S. cities, counties, states, and other flood management agencies in leveraging their existing model-generated flood maps, regardless of the …


Two-Key Dependent Permutation (Tkdp) And Its Applications In Information Security, Arulmani K Feb 2025

Two-Key Dependent Permutation (Tkdp) And Its Applications In Information Security, Arulmani K

Theses and Dissertations

Two-Key Dependent Permutation (TKDP) algorithm for generating permutation sequences of fixed sizes, TKDP based Symmetric Block Cipher (TKDPSBC) and TKDP Audio encryption are being proposed in this thesis. TKDP algorithm is capable of generating different sequences for different key pairs. This makes it suitable for constructing dynamic S-boxes and P-boxes that have more degree of randomness and non-linearity to resist cryptanalytic attacks. Rigorous statistical tests validate the efficacy of the generated permutation sequences, affirming their suitability for cryptographic applications in conjunction with Fiestel network-based block ciphers. TKDPSBC encrypts a plaintext block into a ciphertext block of the same size. TKDP …


Nature-Based Education As A Learning Tool: Unleashing The Power Of Nature-Based Education In Egyptian Primary Schools. "The Effects Of Outdoor Learning And Open-Air Classrooms On Primary School Students In Egypt.", Nermeen Bekhiet Feb 2025

Nature-Based Education As A Learning Tool: Unleashing The Power Of Nature-Based Education In Egyptian Primary Schools. "The Effects Of Outdoor Learning And Open-Air Classrooms On Primary School Students In Egypt.", Nermeen Bekhiet

Theses and Dissertations

When learning modalities are tailored to each student's preferences and needs, academic success follows. This effect is contingent upon both individual and surrounding factors. Many schools in Egypt and the Middle East do not concentrate on how exposure to nature and nature-based learning can affect how the learner perceives his or her learning area. Most schools in Egypt have no exposure to nature to allow students to explore the world in their way; there is no room for diverse students to excel. Therefore, this exploratory research aims to reestablish a connection between private primary school students and the natural world …


Filipino American Parents' Experiences With The United States Special Education System: A Qualitative Study, Greyagail Custodio Surio Feb 2025

Filipino American Parents' Experiences With The United States Special Education System: A Qualitative Study, Greyagail Custodio Surio

Theses and Dissertations

While there have been studies on Asian American (AA) parents' experiences with the U.S. special education (SPED) system, there have been no studies on Filipino American (FA) parents' experiences with the SPED system. As FAs are the third largest Asian group in the United States., there is a need for special education research to be conducted with this population. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) interviews were conducted over Zoom with FA parents of children receiving SPED services. Participants resided in various states in the United States (n = 10). Participants reported varied and nuanced experiences related to advocacy, working with the …


A Randomized Controlled Study Of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback In An Older Adult Sample, Whitney D. Allen Feb 2025

A Randomized Controlled Study Of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback In An Older Adult Sample, Whitney D. Allen

Theses and Dissertations

Heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB) is a controlled breathing treatment designed to increase the variation in consecutive heartbeats leading to improved regulation of one's autonomic nervous system thereby improving one's ability to self-regulate and maintain homeostasis. Changes in heart rate variability (HRV) are seen in those of increased age and lower HRV is associated with poorer outcomes (e.g., increased mortality, worse emotional functioning, cardiovascular risk factors). As such, older adults are a group that stands to benefit from HRVB principles. The current randomized control trial was designed to understand the impact of HRVB in an older adult population on resting …


Navigating Trauma: A Linguistic Exploration Of Bilingual Trauma Expressions, Amira Mahmoud Othman Feb 2025

Navigating Trauma: A Linguistic Exploration Of Bilingual Trauma Expressions, Amira Mahmoud Othman

Theses and Dissertations

This study explores the relationship between language, trauma, and emotional expression among bilingual Arabic-English speakers, focusing on code-switching patterns and euphemisms, and more broadly the emotional roles of native and non-native languages in trauma narratives. Through qualitative interviews with 20 Egyptian participants, the research reveals that code-switching serves as both a linguistic and emotional tool, allowing speakers to navigate trauma by creating distance or engaging more intimately. Such codeswitching patterns include the integration of English content words within Arabic structures, morphosyntactic innovations, and gender agreement applications, reflecting the creative adaptability of bilingual speakers in emotionally charged contexts, in line with …


Social Media’S Influence On Anti-Sexual Harassment Policies In Egypt (2014-2024)900, Yasmine Elleithy Feb 2025

Social Media’S Influence On Anti-Sexual Harassment Policies In Egypt (2014-2024)900, Yasmine Elleithy

Theses and Dissertations

The study examined the role of social media and women’s online activism in the development of anti-sexual harassment policies in Egypt, specifically from 2014 to 2024. Through employing a qualitative research method involving semi-structured, in-depth interviews, the study engaged different actors, including members of the parliament, the National Council for Women, female online activists, and women’s rights specialists. During this time frame, there has been a remarkable shift in the political, social, and legislative landscape, marked by significant restrictions on traditional activism and the enactment of laws addressing sexual harassment. Throughout this period of unprecedented changes, social media has emerged …