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Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Creation Of Multilinage Adult Stem-Like Cells From Terminally Differentiatied Fibroblasts, John Moore
Creation Of Multilinage Adult Stem-Like Cells From Terminally Differentiatied Fibroblasts, John Moore
Theses and Dissertations
Induced Pluripotent Stem cells (iPScs) are artificially generated cells that demonstrate multilineage differentiation potential. These cells demonstrate similar morphology and high differentiation potential to Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs). Generation of these cells from a terminally differentiated cell line requires activation of the core pluripotency genes Nanog, Oct4, and Sox2 as well as an oncogenic stimulus such as c-Myc. Here we examine the effect of the Human Pappiloma Virus derived proteins E6 and E7 on the ability of a terminally differentiated fibroblast cell line to a more primitive state and examine its multilineage differentiation capacity. In this paper, we attempt to …
Morphology, Material And Vibratory Properties Of The Swimbladder In The Carp, Cyprinus Carpio, Yasha Mohajer
Morphology, Material And Vibratory Properties Of The Swimbladder In The Carp, Cyprinus Carpio, Yasha Mohajer
Theses and Dissertations
The carp Cyprinus carpio has a two-chambered swimbladder and excellent hearing. I explored the hypothesis that the anterior chamber, which connects to Weberian ossicles, is adapted for hearing by testing both chambers for material properties. I also determined displacement and auditory responses to mechanical strikes. Wall stress is higher in the posterior, strain in the anterior and modulus lower in the anterior chamber. Strikes increase pressure followed by a variable rebound that rapidly decays. Displacement and sound amplitude increase with hammer force, and amplitude is similar in both chambers for within chamber strikes but lower across chambers. Normalized for equivalent …
Fast Relabeling Of Deformable Delaunay Tetrahedral Meshes Using A Compact Uniform Grid, David C. Frogley
Fast Relabeling Of Deformable Delaunay Tetrahedral Meshes Using A Compact Uniform Grid, David C. Frogley
Theses and Dissertations
We address the problem of fast relabeling of deformable Delaunay tetrahedral meshes using a compact uniform grid, with CPU parallelization through OpenMP. This problem is important in visualizing the simulation of deformable objects and arises in scientific visualization, games, computer vision, and motion picture production. Many existing software tools and APIs have the ability to manipulate 3D virtual objects. Prior mesh-based representations either allow topology changes or are fast. We aim for both. Specifically, we improve the efficiency of the relabeling step in the Delaunay deformable mesh invented by Pons and Boissonnat and improved by Tychonievich and Jones. The relabeling …
Functional Characterization Of The Streptococcus Sanguinis Com Regulon, Jill Callahan
Functional Characterization Of The Streptococcus Sanguinis Com Regulon, Jill Callahan
Theses and Dissertations
Streptococcus sanguinis is an important component of the dental plaque biofilm and is believed to play a beneficial role in the oral cavity. S. sanguinis is also a leading cause of infective endocarditis (IE), a potentially lethal infection of the cardiac valves. S. sanguinis possesses genetic competence, the ability to acquire exogenous DNA into its genome. In the well characterized system of S. pneumoniae, genetic competence requires a quorum sensing system encoded by the early comCDE genes, as well as late genes controlled by the alternate sigma factor, ComX. Previous studies in other streptococcal species have suggested functions for the …
Modelling Of Two Wheeler Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicles, Bhanuben Amrutlal Patel
Modelling Of Two Wheeler Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicles, Bhanuben Amrutlal Patel
Theses and Dissertations
The aim of this work was to identify and specify the requirements of critical components of Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell systems in 2-wheeled vehicles. Specifically, mathematical simulation tools, Matlab, Simulink and ADVISOR were used to explore the viability of both a smaller than 10kW fuel cell and smaller than 10kW hybrid fuel cell scooter. Hydrogen, air, and water consumption as well as heat management were monitored under varying conditions in simulations. Efficiency of the overall system was found to be approximately 50% and highly dependent on the fuel cell auxiliary power source. Due to the existing fuel converter …
The Role Of Metallothionein-3 In The Regulation Of Cell Differentiation, Chandra Sekhar Bathula
The Role Of Metallothionein-3 In The Regulation Of Cell Differentiation, Chandra Sekhar Bathula
Theses and Dissertations
Metallothioneins, a group of low molecular weight, cysteine rich, intracellular proteins, are known to sequester heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd+2) and mercury and provide protection against their toxic effects. Previous studies from this laboratory have shown that the third isoform of metallothionein (MT-3) is expressed in the human kidney in situ, including the cultures of human proximal tubule (HPT) cells. The stable expression of MT-3 in the immortalized proximal tubule cell line that lacks its expression restored dome formation in these cells, suggesting that MT-3 may have a role in differentiation and vectorial active transport. This study further investigated …
Mineralogical Characterizations Of Asteroids In/Near The 3:1 Kirkwood Gap, Sherry K. Fieber-Beyer
Mineralogical Characterizations Of Asteroids In/Near The 3:1 Kirkwood Gap, Sherry K. Fieber-Beyer
Theses and Dissertations
This research program initiated a systematic visible-near-infrared (VNIR) spectroscopic survey to search for links between twenty-seven asteroidal bodies adjacent to the 3:1 resonance and meteorite types in the terrestrial collections. The 3:1 Kirkwood gap located at 2.5 AU is a potential major source for meteorites and near-Earth asteroids. This research program utilized observations using the NASA IRTF SpeX instrument to obtain high signal-to-noise NIR spectra (0.8–2.5 μm) of asteroids in a zone centered on the 3:1 resonance. The spectra were used to mineralogically characterize asteroids in the zone to identify their meteorite analogs (if any). The mineralogy, petrology, isotope chemistry, …
Sphingosine-1-Phosphate In Mast Cell-Mediated Allergic Responses, Megan Price
Sphingosine-1-Phosphate In Mast Cell-Mediated Allergic Responses, Megan Price
Theses and Dissertations
Mast cells play a critical role in both acute and chronic inflammation and mature in peripheral tissues from bone marrow-derived progenitors that circulate in the blood as immature precursors. Mast cell progenitors are likely to encounter the serum-borne bioactive sphingolipid metabolite, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), during migration to target tissues. Mast cells developed from human cord blood-derived progenitors cultured with stem cell factor (SCF) alone express intragranular tryptase (MCT), the phenotype predominant in the lung. S1P accelerated the development of cord blood-derived mast cells (CB-MCs) and strikingly increased the numbers of mast cells expressing chymase. These mast cells have functional FcepsilonRI, and …
Silk Fibroin-Based Scaffolds For Tissue Engineering Applications, Jennifer Mccool
Silk Fibroin-Based Scaffolds For Tissue Engineering Applications, Jennifer Mccool
Theses and Dissertations
This study focused on the comparison of the electrospun silk scaffolds to the electrospun silk fibroin gel scaffolds. Moreover, this study examined the differences in cross-linking effects of genipin and methanol as well as solvents on the mechanical properties and cell compatibility of the scaffolds. Silk scaffolds were electrospun from an aqueous solution or 1,1,1,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) without genipin, immediately after 8 % (wt) genipin was added to the solution, and 18 hours after genipin blended with the solution. Uniaxial tensile testing determined that the silk scaffolds electrospun from water exhibit a higher modulus and peak stress than that of the …
Opioid Addiction Treatments During Pregnancy And Their Effects On Axonal Growth And Myelination In The Developing Central Nervous System, Manisha Magar
Theses and Dissertations
Treatment with buprenorphine represents a promising alternative for pregnant opioid addicts but there is a need to understand potential effects on nervous system development. We previously showed effects of perinatal exposure to buprenorphine on axonal caliber and myelination in 26-day-old rat corpus callosum. These changes, detected at the end of rapid brain myelination and accompanied by earlier oligodendrocyte maturation, suggested interference with mechanisms coordinating axonal growth and myelination. To better understand buprenorphine actions and to establish whether these effects extend to the spinal cord, we analyzed the corpus callosum and corticospinal tract at 16 days of age, just before the …
A Comparative Study Of A Pathogenic Versus A Nonpathogenic Naegleria Species, Melissa Jamerson
A Comparative Study Of A Pathogenic Versus A Nonpathogenic Naegleria Species, Melissa Jamerson
Theses and Dissertations
Naegleria fowleri (N. fowleri) and Naegleria lovaniensis (N. lovaniensis) are closely related amebae found in the environment. N. fowleri causes Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM), a fatal disease of the central nervous system, while N. lovaniensis is nonpathogenic. N. fowleri infection occurs when amebae enter the nasal passages, and migrate to the brain. The molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of PAM are not well-defined. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to define phenotypic characteristics that may be functionally linked to the pathogenicity associated with N. fowleri. Studies revealed that N. fowleri has a faster growth rate and is more …
Detection Of Secreted Proteases And A Membrane Protease In Pathogenic Acanthamoeba Culbertsoni, Shivdeep Deo
Detection Of Secreted Proteases And A Membrane Protease In Pathogenic Acanthamoeba Culbertsoni, Shivdeep Deo
Theses and Dissertations
Acanthamoeba culbertsoni (A. culbertsoni) is an amphizoic amoeba that is the causative agent of Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis (GAE), an often fatal central nervous system infection that is seen most frequently in severely immunocompromised patients and is characterized by hemorrhagic and necrotic lesions of the brain as well as varying degrees of granuloma formation. A.culbertsoni isolates have also been identified in a few cases of Amoebic Keratitis, a painful, sight-threatening corneal infection that disproportionately affects contact lens users irrespective of immune status. Common features of both infections include amoebic interaction with host extracellular matrix (ECM) components as requisites for both attachment …
Expression Profiling And Functional Validation Of Micrornas Involved In Schizophrenia And Bipolar Disorder, Albert H. Kim
Expression Profiling And Functional Validation Of Micrornas Involved In Schizophrenia And Bipolar Disorder, Albert H. Kim
Theses and Dissertations
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. MiRNAs have been shown to affect neuronal differentiation, synaptosomal complex localization and synapse plasticity, all functions thought to be disrupted in schizophrenia. We investigated the expression of 667 miRNAs (miRBase v.13) in the prefrontal cortex of individuals with schizophrenia (SZ, N = 35) and bipolar disorder (BP, N =35) using a real-time PCR-based Taqman Low Density Array (TLDA). After extensive QC steps, 441 miRNAs were included in the final analyses. At a FDR of 10%, 22 miRNAs were identified as …
Natural Disasters And Older Adults: The Social Construction Of Disaster Planning, Elizabeth Fugate-Whitlock
Natural Disasters And Older Adults: The Social Construction Of Disaster Planning, Elizabeth Fugate-Whitlock
Theses and Dissertations
Examining older adults’ experiences with and response toward hurricanes within the context of the community of residence is key to both understanding their experiences and planning for future hurricanes. Specific to this research, the objective was to understand the current social network of older adults, or who provides care for whom under what circumstances, using the social constructionist perspective. Grounded theory combined with action research was the theoretical orientation guiding the study. Sources of data included the collection of household disaster plans, semi-structured interviews with older adult residents of housing authority neighborhoods, semi-structured interviews with community planners, and observation of …
Analysis Of The Role Of Outer Surface Protein C (Ospc) In Borrelia Burgdorferi Pathogenesis, Delacy Rhodes
Analysis Of The Role Of Outer Surface Protein C (Ospc) In Borrelia Burgdorferi Pathogenesis, Delacy Rhodes
Theses and Dissertations
Lyme disease is an emerging infection that is caused by the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex. These bacteria exist in nature through an enzootic life cycle involving Ixodes ticks and various reservoir hosts. One way that this bacterium adapts to the different hosts in the enzootic cycle is through the expression of outer surface protein C (OspC). OspC is a surface exposed lipoprotein encoded on circular plasmid 26 that forms homodimers on the bacterial surface and has distinct conserved and variable portions of sequence. When ospC is deleted, the spirochetes are unable to cause mammalian infection although the mechanism of …
Enhanced Degradation Of Fats, Oils And Greases In Domestic Wastewater Sewer Networks And Grease Interception Systems Using Peat Humic Substances, Matthew Hunnemeder
Enhanced Degradation Of Fats, Oils And Greases In Domestic Wastewater Sewer Networks And Grease Interception Systems Using Peat Humic Substances, Matthew Hunnemeder
Theses and Dissertations
The efficacy of peat humic substances in enhancing the degradation of fats, oils and greases (FOG) was investigated under controlled laboratory conditions using bench scale well-mixed bioreactors. An experimental design was used to evaluate the effects of temperature and peat humic substance (PHS) concentration on FOG degradation in domestic wastewater for a temperature range from 10 deg.C to 30 deg.C and a PHS concentration range from 0 to 20 ppm(v). Factors and interactions significantly affecting the rate of FOG degradation were identified, and models to predict FOG degradation rates as a function of PHS concentration and temperature were developed. The …
Joy In Nature, Rebecca Morgan
Joy In Nature, Rebecca Morgan
Theses and Dissertations
Artist Statement I am fascinated with colors in nature and how it affects our moods. The colors of a sunset and moonlit sky; the feeling of a brewing storm; the laziness of a cold, gray day; the roar of an ocean; and the feel of sand on your feet are elements that I want to capture in my drawings and paintings. In addition to the natural environment, animals are an integral part of nature that I incorporate in my work. Pets are the unspoken blessings that bring joy and laughter to my life. Pets, especially dogs, are proven to relieve …
Helper Phage Capsid Size Redirection By Staphylococcal Pathogenicity Island Sapi1 Involves Internal Scaffolding Proteins., Priyadarshan Damle
Helper Phage Capsid Size Redirection By Staphylococcal Pathogenicity Island Sapi1 Involves Internal Scaffolding Proteins., Priyadarshan Damle
Theses and Dissertations
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the leading causes of nosocomial and community acquired infections. Many of the virulence factors are encoded on staphylococcal mobile genetic elements. Members of the SaPI family of S. aureus mobile elements encode superantigens and are mobilized at high frequency by specific helper bacteriophages. One remarkable feature of helper phage exploitation by SaPIs is remodeling of the normal T=7 bacteriophage capsid to produce smaller T=4 phage-like particles. These particles, composed entirely of helper phage proteins, can accommodate the smaller SaPI genome while excluding that of a complete helper phage. This study was designed to understand the …
Intracellular Signaling Contributions To Behaviors Relevant To Nicotine Addiction, Lauren Thompson
Intracellular Signaling Contributions To Behaviors Relevant To Nicotine Addiction, Lauren Thompson
Theses and Dissertations
Nicotine is the primary addictive substance in tobacco, and most smokers who quit will relapse within a year. Evidence shows that cigarette craving increases over time, termed “incubation.” The purpose of these studies was to see if protracted abstinence from chronic nicotine increases rat self-administration, an animal model with good face validity for human tobacco use, and if nicotine self-administration during daily exposure/after 8+ days of abstinence is regulated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell or anterior cingulate cortex (PFC). ERK kinase inhibitor U0126 was infused in the NAc shell or PFC of Long …
Analysis And Fingerprinting Of Glycosaminoglycans, Joseph King
Analysis And Fingerprinting Of Glycosaminoglycans, Joseph King
Theses and Dissertations
Heparin is a complex mixture of sulfated polysaccharides derived from animals and one of the oldest drugs in use. While an efficacious anticoagulant, heparin is beset by side effects and pharmacokinetic difficulties. Low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) are made by depolymerizing unfractionated heparin (UFH) and present improvements in these areas. However, they still retain a phenomenally high level of complexity due to their polydispersity and the introduction of non-native structural features. This makes the structural characterization LMWHs a daunting task. This work details the development of a novel capillary electrophoretic (CE) method for fingerprinting LMWHs. Since their complexity normally results …
Role Of Tyk2 In The Development Of Beige Cells, Samantha Umali
Role Of Tyk2 In The Development Of Beige Cells, Samantha Umali
Theses and Dissertations
Obesity results from an excess of adipose tissue and is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Adipose tissue exists in two main forms: white adipose tissue (WAT), which stores energy as triglycerides, and brown adipose tissue (BAT), which dissipates stored energy as heat. White adipose tissue is composed of several subcutaneous and visceral depots, each possessing distinct molecular and functional characteristics. Brown-like adipocytes can emerge in WAT depots in response to cold or beta-adrenergic stimulation. These cells have been called “beige” or “brite” (brown-in-white) cells. The reduction of obesity in mice treated with beta-adrenergic …
Racial Differences In The Genetics Of Preeclampsia, Lori Hill
Racial Differences In The Genetics Of Preeclampsia, Lori Hill
Theses and Dissertations
Preeclampsia (PE), characterized by hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation, affects 5-8% of pregnancies worldwide. Although preeclampsia is a significant cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity, its etiology remains to be elucidated. Racial differences have been observed for preeclampsia, with U.S. Blacks having higher rates and more severe disease, compared to U.S. Whites and Hispanics. One potential source of racial differences in preeclampsia is genetic variation between populations. Genetic susceptibility to preeclampsia is well established, but the specific contributions of maternal vs. fetal genes, and how these vary among racial groups is poorly understood. This dissertation …
Ecological Profiling Of Bird-Mosquito Interactions In Central Virginia, Anna Riggan
Ecological Profiling Of Bird-Mosquito Interactions In Central Virginia, Anna Riggan
Theses and Dissertations
Current methods of mosquito surveillance estimate general population abundances, but fail to represent the relationship of vector abundance to host density important to determining transmission risk of mosquito-borne pathogens (MBP). We sought to address this limitation by creating a novel mosquito trap that directly sampled mosquitoes seeking to feed on nesting birds. The primary objectives of this study were to (1) assess the efficiency of the Nest Mosquito Trap (NMT) and how this is affected by nest box size. (2) assess whether the NMT affects bird, specifically nest success in Prothonotary Warblers (Protonotaria citrea), and adult behavior. (3) compare our …
Quantitative Analysis Of Contactin-Associated Protein And Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Isoform 1.6 Following Experimental Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury, Daniel Gardiner
Quantitative Analysis Of Contactin-Associated Protein And Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Isoform 1.6 Following Experimental Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury, Daniel Gardiner
Theses and Dissertations
Traumatic axonal injury (TAI) contributes to the mortality and morbidity following diffuse traumatic brain injury (TBI). Previous work has shown that following TBI, alterations in the molecular domains of axons result in TAI. It is currently posited that injury induced ionic flux is responsible for activating deleterious proteolytic cascades, resulting in altered distributions of axonal components. However, the underlying mechanism of this progressive pathology remains elusive. This study further explores the hypothesis that altered molecular domains contributes to the progressive intra-axonal changes that characterize TAI. Using a rodent model of impact acceleration TBI we examined the expression of nodal and …
A Hell House Divided: Performing Identity Politics Through Christian Mediums Of Proselytization, Allan N. Davis
A Hell House Divided: Performing Identity Politics Through Christian Mediums Of Proselytization, Allan N. Davis
Theses and Dissertations
Every year, during the month of October, hundreds of Christian churches throughout the United States open the doors of their Hell House to surrounding communities. Hell Houses are Christian haunted houses designed to literally scare the Hell out of visitors so they will accept Jesus Christ as their personal Lord and Savior. In the place of vampires or zombies, Hell Houses portray the sins Satan is mostly likely to tempt teenagers to commit. Scenes include young girls receiving abortions, young men believing lies that they were born gay, and careless individuals drinking and driving. As para-theatrical performances, Hell Houses lead …
Investigation Of Pre- And Post-Zygotic Reproductive Barriers Between Two Host-Plant Complex Races Of The Parasitic Wasp Cotesia Congregata (Say) [Hymenoptera: Braconidae], Justin Bredlau
Theses and Dissertations
Investigations of host-associated differentiation of parasitoids have largely focused on the degree of molecular genetic differentiation, but a true test of species status must examine the mating patterns of differentiated populations to determine if they can interbreed in the wild and produce viable offspring. We examined possible mechanisms of isolation between two genetically distinct host-plant complex races of the braconid, Cotesia congregata, originating from hosts on tobacco and catalpa. We compared male responses to female pheromones, elements of male acoustic courtship signals, and breeding success between the two races. Males responded to pheromones from both sources and male courtship signals …
Oat Snp Marker Discovery And Mapping Based On 454 Pyrosequencing Of Genome-Reduced Avena Magna Murphy Et Terrell, Rachel Rebecca Redman
Oat Snp Marker Discovery And Mapping Based On 454 Pyrosequencing Of Genome-Reduced Avena Magna Murphy Et Terrell, Rachel Rebecca Redman
Theses and Dissertations
The size and complexity of the oat genomes (Avena L., x = 7) have made genetic studies, including the discovery of molecular markers, difficult. Recent attention to these species has resulted in the development of many DArT -based markers in the tetraploid A. magna Murphy et Terrill (2n = 28, CCDD genomes), along with numerous RFLP's, SSR's, DArT's, and EST-based SNPs in hexaploid A. sativa L. (2n = 42, AACCDD). Here we report the first SNP markers for tetraploid oat based on genome reduction and high-throughput pyrosequencing in two inbred lines of A. magna: A-169 (wild) and Ba …
Literary Love(R)S: Recognizing The Female Outline And Its Implications In Roman Verse Satire, Kaitlyn Marie Klein
Literary Love(R)S: Recognizing The Female Outline And Its Implications In Roman Verse Satire, Kaitlyn Marie Klein
Theses and Dissertations
The existence of a metaphoric female standing in for poetic style was only plainly discussed in a paper from 1987 concerned with Roman elegiac poetry. This figure is given the title of scripta puella or written woman, since her existence depends solely on the writings of an author. These females often appear to have basis in reality; however there is insufficient evidence to allow them to cross out of the realm of fantasy. The term scripta puella in poetry refers to a perfected poetic form, one the author prefers over all others, and a human form creates the illusion of …
Design And Analysis Of A Flapping Wing Mechanism For Optimization, Ryan Brandon George
Design And Analysis Of A Flapping Wing Mechanism For Optimization, Ryan Brandon George
Theses and Dissertations
Furthering our understanding of the physics of flapping flight has the potential to benefit the field of micro air vehicles. Advancements in micro air vehicles can benefit applications such as surveillance, reconnaissance, and search and rescue. In this research, flapping kinematics of a ladybug was explored using a direct linear transformation. A flapping mechanism design is presented that was capable of executing ladybug or other species-specific kinematics. The mechanism was based on a differential gear design, had two wings, and could flap in harsh environments. This mechanism served as a test bed for force analysis and optimization studies. The first …
Two-Dimensional Hydrodynamics Of Swimming Rainbow Trout Using Navier-Stokes And Large Eddy Simulation Models, Donovan R. Chipman
Two-Dimensional Hydrodynamics Of Swimming Rainbow Trout Using Navier-Stokes And Large Eddy Simulation Models, Donovan R. Chipman
Theses and Dissertations
Energy efficiency and propulsive characteristics of a 10 cm undulatory rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) swimming in a stationary position are considered. Two CFD simulations are performed utilizing dynamic grid meshing (FLUENT 6.3). The first simulation uses a laminar flow model with an added hydrofoil shape in order to test if thrust and drag can be brought to unity. The second simulation uses a Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) turbulence model to determine if transition to turbulence along the fish's surface leads to boundary layer separation. The expected results caused by adding these two features to earlier simulations do not occur. …