Digital Commons Network^™

Combined Feedforward-Feedback Control Of A Fluidized-Bed Reactor, Reginald Eugene Mitchell

Theses

Feedforward control, feedback control, and combined feedforward-feedback control were studied on an analog computer to evaluate their effectiveness in controlling a fluidized-bed reactor used for the decomposition of cumene. Proportional, proportional-integral, proportional-derivative, and proportional-integral-derivative modes of control were investigated. Step changes in set-point and load were used as disturbances. The Ziegler-Nichols method and the process reaction curve method of Cohen and Coon were compared in determining values of KC, Ti, and Td which gave optimum control of the fluidized-bed reactor.

Control equation were obtained from the block diagrams of the systems and solved on an EAI TR-20 Analog Computer.

It …

Spatial Interactions In Monobath Development, Gary Mcsweeney

Theses

The sensitometric effects of varying developing agent concentration, fixing agent concentration, and pH in a monobath developer were studied with Kodak Tri-X Pan film. Three variables (gamma, base plus fog, and a shoulder density) were studied under varying levels of each of the factors. A factorial experiment was run and an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine whether or not each of the main factors and the two-factor interactions were significant. The higher order interactions were used as a measure of experimental error for the analysis. In the range of the factors being investigated, it was found that: …

Problems In Perception: The Role Of Art In Special Education, Patricia Koch

Theses

None provided.

The Pilgrimage Of Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, Winifred Bixler

Theses

None provided.

Preparation Of Tetrahydroxydiboron, Terence Conklin

Theses

Boron chloride and me thoxyamine hydrochloride were reacted in refluxing chlorobenzene . The reaction product was then identified as possibly being N-trimethoxy-B-trichloroborazine. The identification was made by comparing the Infra-red spectrum of the reaction product with the spectra of N-trimethyl-B-trichloroborazine, methoxyamine hydrochloride and, the addition compound MeNH2-BCl3.

Parasitic Pleasure-Craft, Anthony Jachimowicz

Theses

None provided.

Visual Metaphors, Bonnie Gordon Pfahl

Theses

None provided.

A Correlation Between Object Color And Image Apparent Color In An Aerial Film False Color System, Steven Paes

Theses

This research project proposes to provide an aid to the photo-interpreter so that he can determine more easily objects of importance Kodak Ektachrome Infrared Aero Film, Type 8443, is utilized by this project as the medium through which this aid will be carried out. Films, such as this one, are visibility and near infrared sensitive color films. The wavelength region of the film's sensitivity is 0. 5 to 0. 9 nm. This film, therefore, is very useful, since it uses its near infrared capability to discriminate between objects that have nearly the same visual appearance but different near infrared characteristics. …

A Study Of Solarization In The Negative Image Of Reversal Films And Sensitivity And Development Rate As A Function Of First Exposure, Maximiliano Rivera

Theses

This thesis has two objectives. One is to see if in reversal films solarization has begun before reaching the maximum density in the negative image. Acetone semicarbazone was added to the emulsions, so that if solarization were significant, this halogen acceptor, by elimination of the solarization, would increase the maximum density. The films tested were KODAK PLUS-X Reversal Film Type 7276, TRI-X Reversal Film Type 7278, Fine Grain Release Positive Type 5302, and PANATOMIC-X. It is concluded that solarization does not have a significant effect on the maximum density, slope near the maximum density, or density scale of the negative …

Generation Of Sinusoidal Test Images By Incoherent Spatial Filtering, Joel Gray

Theses

Most methods used for determining the modulation transfer function of a photographic film require that a sinusoidal intensity distribution object be imaged on the film and the resultant effective exposure modulation compared to the object modulation. This paper describes the investigation of the feasibility of generating a sinusoidal intensity distribution from a crenelate pattern by incoherent spatial filtering using non-monochromatic radiation. Using a Kodak Ektar Enlarging Lens (focal length of 100 mm.) at f/8 it has been found that images may be spatially filtered up to 30 cycles/mm while maintaining a modulation of 62# in white light (tungsten illumination). At …

An Optical Technique For On-Film Recording Of Lens Aperture And Focus Settings, Richard Thompson

Theses

A simple optical technique for placing a record of the camera aperture and focus conditions on each photograph is described. A lens system is installed in a NASA/Hasselblad lunar surface camera so that a small image of the camera iris is formed in the corner of the photographic image field. The camera aperture and focus settings that were used in the taking of the photograph are determined from measurements of -the width and position of the data image. A Fortran IV computer program which uses the system calibration data and iterative techniques to determine the settings from the image measurements …

The Design, Construction, And Calibration Of A Spectral, Projection, Transmission, Three-Component, Subtractive Color Densitometer Head, H. Morgan

Theses

In the field of densitometry, there is a current trend to create standards which are more specific, more technical, and more practical than the standards which have been produced in the past. This paper deals with the design, construction, and evaluation of an instrument which conforms to one of these standards. A bit more was added, in that the instrument was made to be used with negative color materials. The instrument constructed was a spectral, projection, transmission, three-component, subtractive color densitometer head. One of the unique characteristics of the instrument is the fact that a spectral lamp was used for …

Ceramic Sculpture And Sculptural Containers, William Rodler

Theses

The purpose of this thesis is to design and execute a series of ceramic sculptures and sculptural containers which reflect my personal creative philosophy as well as my individual style of aesthetic expression. These ceramic sculptures and sculptural containers to some extent, will be synthesized interpretations of organic and biomorphic forms from nature, which beside depicting the finest aesthetic features of various natural forms will also express the essential spiritual interpretation of natural objects and the characteristic gestures of natural forces. In carrying through this series of sculptural works based upon the natural stimuli of organic and biomorphic forms, I …

Decorative Ceramics For Architectural Applications, Robert J. Jarvis

Theses

None provided.

The Application Of A Non-Newtonian Rheological Equation To Low-Density Polyethylene, Jeffrey N. Goldstein

Theses

A generalized non-Newtonian equation describing the rheology of molten thermoplastics is verified for low-density polyethylenes. The equation is extended to account for both rheological temperature dependency and polyethylene molecular weight dependency. The prediction of the rheology of new polyethylenes without additional experimentation is thus possible.

The Computer Evaluation Of The Natural Frequencies Of Vibrating Circular Plates With Free, Fixed And Simply Supported Edges, Thomas Michael Juliano

Theses

The natural frequencies of the transverse vibration of a thin, isotropic, circular plate with free, clamped, and simply supported edge conditions were studied extensively. The frequency equation for each edge condition was derived from the classical partial differential equation of plate vibration. These equations, which are in terms of Bessel functions, were then solved numerically to find the natural frequencies. Since the accuracy of the Bessel function values is very important in evaluating these frequencies, a comprehensive digital computer program was devised to calculate these values to eleven digit accuracy. In this Bessel function program four different methods were required …

The Oxidation Of Sulfur Dioxide In A Regenerative Reactor, Raymond Henry Edgecomb

Theses

A novel dual-unit sulfuric acid converter is depicted that performs in cyclic operation in unsteady state. A mathematical model and IBM 1130 Computer program were developed to show the temperature and conversion profiles in commercial-sized vanadium oxide catalyst beds. In the catalytic oxidation of sulfur dioxide conversions of 95-97% were attained without benefit of conventional heat exchangers. A single exchanger operating in conjunction with the dual-unit system might attain conversions as high as 99%.

Determination Of The Electronic State Of Aryl Nitrenes In An Intramolecular C-H Insertion Reaction, Ali Mohammad Khonsari

Theses

β,γ-Dideuteriopropylbenzene was obtained in 84% yield from deuteration of allylbenzene. Nitration of this compound resulted in o-nitro (β,γ-dideuteriopropyl)-benzene. Reduction of this compound gave o-(β,γ-aideuterio-propyl)aniline. o-(β,γ-Dideuteriopropyl)phenyl azide was prepared by dizotization of the aniline compound, followed by treatment with sodium azide.

Decomposition of the azide in isooctane solution by photolysis at room temperature gave no trace of deuterio-2-methylindoline (intramolecular insertion product).

Photolysis of the azide at the reflux temperature of the solvent (99?C) resulted in the formation of deuterated-2-methylindoline as the major product (40%) yield. The reaction is presumed to proceed through an aryl nitrene intermediate. Analysis of the nuclear magnetic …

An Economic Evaluation Of A Pressure Sulfuric Acid Manufacturing Plant, Daniel A. Marlin

Theses

The production of Sulfuric Acid at elevated pressures is presented with the economics for operating at one, three, five, seven, nine and thirteen atmospheres. The conventional and pressure plants are compared operating on the same basis.

The basis for a pressure plant design is obtained from an I.B.M. 1130 computer program developed for One Thousand Net Tons per Day of Sulfuric Acid. Recognized operating conditions for a conventional acid plant are incorporated in the pressure plant design program.

Sulfuric Acid manufacture with operating pressures higher than atmospheric, but less than five atmospheres, results in maximum rate of return on investment …

A Computer Program For The Optimization Of Binary Distillation In A Dual-Column System, Richard Vincent O'Lenick

Theses

A computer program is presented for the optimization of a two-column distillation system involving a two-component mixture. The economic reflux ratios in each column are determined using the McCabe-Thiele Method. Activity coefficients are computed by either the Wilson equation, the Margules equation, or both. The program is general and may be used for any binary system where the assumption of constant molal overflow is valid.

Options in the program permit use of either column in separate calculation schemes.

While the optimization effort was prepared in general terms, the initial work was directed toward the acetone-water system. Full data for this …

The Optimization Of A Catalytic Methanol Reactor Using Quench Feed, John Paul Mcburney

Theses

The production of methanol in a catalytic quench feed reactor is studied by means of a computerized model and optimized in terms of total reactor length necessary to achieve a given production rate. The methanol reaction rate can be maximized in a quench reactor through the use of cold stream feeds along the length of reactor.

Since the methanol reaction temperature is restricted to an upper limit of 405°C, the addition of cold stream feed along the adiabatic reactor enables the desired conversion to be reached. For two given levels of conversion, 12% and 15%, an optimum inlet temperature, quench …

Effect Of Column Diameter On Mixing In Water Fluidized Beds, Donald P. Schiesl

Theses

In this investigation, the effect of column diameter and flow rate on the mixing characteristics of fluidized beds were studied.

Tests were made on columns of 4, 6, 8 and 10 inches in diameter using water to fluidize glass beads of 0.0185 inches in diameter. The tests were run both at minimum and three times minimum fluidization. Step, impulse, and sinusoidal forcing signals were fed to the columns, using a sodium chloride solution as a tracer with the inlet and outlet concentrations being monitored continuously by a conductivity recorder.

The result of this study showed increased fluid dispersion with increasing …

Packed Column Simulation, Frederick W. Schmidt

Theses

The most difficult and time consuming aspect of the design of packed columns is the hydraulic part. If the designer wants to try many different conditions, many repetitive calculations will have to be performed. Also, some inaccuracy is incurred when trying to use the U.S. Stoneware curves. The graphs are hard to read and almost impossible to interpolate between the parametric lines. The purpose of the program is to give a more accurate calculation by using equations for the pressure drop lines, interpolating between them and correcting for gas density for each foot of packing. The program also allows changes …

Batch Heat Transfer To Suspensions In An Agitated Vessel, John Philip Horzepa

Theses

Batch heat transfer data was experimentally determined for two phase (solid?liquid) systems in a baffled agitated vessel. Three iron oxide and water and two kaolin and water suspensions were evaluated and were found to be pseudoplastic. A total of 231 heating and cooling data points were examined. Each suspension was evaluated using anchor, paddle, propeller and turbine impellers. Various sizes of the latter three impellers were used.

The experimental heat transfer results for suspensions were compared with the Hagedorn and Salamone correlation for pseudoplastic liquids. Only partial agreement with the more dilute suspensions was obtained. Overall, the data for suspensions …

A Comparative Analysis Of Multicomponent Distillation Minimum Reflux Methods, Joesph H. F. Loozen

Theses

One of the most important factors to know in the design of distillation columns is the minimum reflux ratio. Numerous procedures have been developed for the determination of the value of the minimum reflux ratio for multicomponent mixtures requiring various degrees of computational effort. Shortcut techniques are obviously advantageous with respect to computation time. After reviewing the available methods, those by Underwood, Colburn, Scheibel and Montross, Murdoch and Holland, and Shiras et al. were selected for further evaluation, mainly on the basis of practical potential.

Comparison of these procedures was accomplished by calculating the minimum reflux ratio for a large …

The Effect Of Polymerization Variables On Reaction Rate And Intrinsic Viscosity, David H. Smith

Theses

The free radical solution polymerization of vinyl acetate in benzene was studied under simulated commercial conditions. The effects of monomer, initiator, inhibitor, and chain transfer agent concentration on the reaction rate and intrinsic viscosity were examined. The initial reaction rates with monomer concentrations from 40% to 70% and AIBN concentrations from 0.2% to 0.5% were in agreement with the kinetic equation, - d[M]/dT = K[M]² [I]^1/2. After the initial reaction there was an increase in the reaction rate apparently associated with high viscosities, which is consistent with the Trommsdorff effect. The addition of hundredths of a percent …

Painting Into Space, Natalie Schwartz

Theses

None provided.

The Modulation Of Sine-Wave Gratings At Fourier And Fresnel Imaging Points, Donald Kingsley

Theses

When illuminated by a coherent light beam, a periodic object will be imaged in near-field space at predictable intervals. This phenomenon is termed self imaging. Recordings of the intensity distribution of sine-wave gratings were made at several positions behind the gratings. The modulation of the images was calculated and used as a predictor of distance from the grating. Positional accuracies of one part in one-hundred fifty-eight were obtained.

A Quantitative Evaluation Technique For Diazo Coated Lithographic Printing Plate Images, After Exposure, Walter Bruehs

Theses

None provided.

A Study Of The Effects Of The Addition Of Halogen On The Redox Potentials Of Several Sensitizing Dyes, Stephen Noland

Theses

Basic data are lacking in the literature concerning the reactivities of desensitizing dyes to Iodine, and concerning their redox potentials while undergoing such reactions. Such information may be useful in deciding on the mechanism of desensitization, since there is good evidence that the halogen liberated from an Iodobromide emulsion during photolysis is actually Iodine. Therefore, experiments were undertaken to measure the polarographic anodic potential of the first addition product of a series of thiacyanine dyes, if such a species existed. Also, preliminary experiments were undertaken to determine the relative reactivities of the dyes to molecular Iodine and Bromine while they …