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Vapor-Liquid Equilibria System : Carbon Tetra-Chloride, Toluene, N-Heptane, Joel Philip Pearlstein

Theses

A study was made of the vapor-liquid equilibria of the ternary system: carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄), n-Heptane (C₇H₁₆) and Toluene (C₇H₈). An Othmer still was used for the determination of the equilibria and the liquid and vapor compositions were ascertained by refractive index and density measurements. A comparison between experimental values and theoretical values was made using the Margules 3-suffix ternary equations for the correlation. Although the Margules equations did not correlate the experimental data very well, this is most likely due to the fact that the ternary solution was close …

Jurisdictional Disputes Within The Construction Industry, Dominick Joseph Magarelli

Theses

Work assignment disputes, known as jurisdictional disputes are common in the construction industry. They are not only costly but annoying as well, The construction industry has always been plagued with this type of dispute because each of its many craft unions regards certain types of work as a proprietary right. They jealously guard against any encroachment of their area of activity by other unions. Sometimes lines of demarcation between the various jurisdictions are not clear. Also, the development of new products and methods often brings with it clashes between unions each of whom claim exclusive right to the work assignment. …

The Corrosion Of Zinc-Stainless Steel Couples In Flowing Sea Water, Henry Shaw

Theses

The effect of sea water flow on passivated stainless steel 304 coupled to high purity zinc was studied for more than 1000 hours at 23°C. The corrosion of both members of the couple increased over that of the metals alone. Zinc suffered severe pitting while the Stainless Steel was not visibly corroded, When the metals were exposed alone, zinc corroded uniformly while the stainless steel was not affected at all. The use of zinc coupled to Stainless Steel is not recommended in systems exposed to sea water.

Hypersensitization And Reciprocity Law Failure, Charles West

Theses

Two sets of Super XX cut film strips were hypersensitized under varying conditions of hypersensitizing agent used, concentration of hypersensitizing solution and time of hypersensitizing. The strips were rapidly dried and exposed. One set was exposed with a high film plane illuminance for 5.0 seconds, and the second set was exposed with a low film plane illuminance for 10^4 seconds. The difference in exposure necessary to give a density of 1.50 for the strips of each set was used as a measure of the reciprocity law failure. From the H and D curves of each test a measure of the …

Dimensional Stability And Acutance : An Investigation Into The Dimensional Properties Of Various Aerial Films And A Study Of Their Acutance, Basilio J. Battaglia

Theses

An experiment was run to determine if differences in drying temperature humidity conditions have any effect on the dimensional characteristics of five quite different aerial films used for various military applications. Acutance measurements were made from microdensitometer traces of each film-temperature and the data was statistically analysed.

Each sample was exposed through a precision stainless steel template to a density of about 1.0. Using an optical comparitor, the difference in size between the film and the template was measured to 10^-4 inch. As the image is circular, the size in any direction can be found by mere rotation on …

Fixation And Washing Techniques For Increasing Image Stability In Photographic Papers, Ray Eynard

Theses

Not provided.

Dye Sensitization Of A Photothermographic Emulsion, William Groves, Ronald Wichelman

Theses

The objective of this paper is to sensitometrically evaluate the effect of five sensitizing dyes (Acridine Orange, Pyronin E, Thionin, Erythrosin B, and Pinacyanol) on a photothermographic emulsion containing a 43-7-50 mole % ratio of mercurous oxalate, mercurous iodide, and silver iodide. The choice of dyes was based on their ability to sensitize into the longer wavelength region of the visible spectrum. Three concentrations of dye were used - 50, 100, & 200 micromoles per liter of emulsion. The sensitometric evaluation was based on the exposure of a neutral step wedge to tungsten light. The parameters investigated are those of …

Effect Of Elevated Temperature On Efficiency Of Corrosion Inhibitors, Walter Dzingala

Theses

An experimental program was set up to investigate the effect of temperature on the protection efficiency of various inhibitors of metal corrosion. Contrary to most studies, an appreciable amount of the work was done with the corrosive effect being determined on the metal specimens that were exposed first to the inhibitor, then to air at different temperature, and finally to the corrosive medium with no inhibitor present. The purpose being to determine whether the inhibitor treatment would provide a permanent protection for a metal surface or would it be necessary to furnish a continuous supply of the inhibitor to the …

Electrolytic Amalgam Reduction Of Cinnamic Acid, Alan Ira Mytelka

Theses

The use of sodium amalgam and potassium amalgam to reduce cinnamic acid to hydrocinnamic acid was accomplished in two concentrically constructed cylindrical cells.

In the outer cell, liquid amalgam was prepared electrolytically using a mercury cathode. The amalgam was moved by a rocking motion into the inner cell where the cinnamic acid dissolved in ethanol was reduced to hydrocinnamic acid. The actual percent conversion as measured by iodine numbers varied from 6.0% to 567, the percentage depending upon the number of coulombs passed into the electrolytic cell, the amalgam used, and whether or not stirring in the inner reduction cell …

Attrition In A Fluidized Bed, Andrew Joseph Welter

Theses

The object of this thesis is to study attrition in a fluidized bed in an attempt to find a reliable method for predicting attrition rate when fluid flow rates and particle sizes are varied.

The system studied consisted of air as the fluidizing median with bauxite and fuller's earth as the solids in suspension. Fluid flow rates were changed while all other variables were held constant. Systems with both large and small particles were studied for each material.

It was found that the attrition rate of the material when the bed is maintained at a constant mass flow rate is …

Viscosity Correlations Of Saturated Fatty Acids And Their Esters, Thomas Joseph Redling

Theses

Several correlations have been developed which permit calculation of the viscosities of the n-paraffin fatty acids and esters, beginning with formic and including stearic acid.

The correlations were obtained by interrelating the Log u and the Log P_v at the same temperature, where u is the viscosity in centipoise and P_v is the vapor pressure in millimeters Hg. A single line relationship represents all the fatty acids from propionic acid to and including stearic acid, while formic acid and acetic acid each have their own line. Methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl formate can be represented by a single …

Thermodynamic Properties Of Methyl Isobutyl Ketone, Lionel James Sirois

Theses

The thermodynamic properties of methyl isobutyl ketone (4-methy1-2-pentanone, hexone) have been determined for the saturated region from 32°F to the critical temperature, 569°F. Properties in the superheated region were determined for temperatures from 200°F to 2000°F and over a pressure range from 5 psia to 1000 psia. Enthalpies, entropies, and specific volumes are reported for both phases where applicable. The datum point for all calculations was zero enthalpy and entropy for a unit mass of saturated liquid at 32°F and 0.083 psia.

Pressure-volume-temperature relations were predicted using the equation of state of Martin and Hou.⁽⁶⁾ This equation of state …

Enthalpies And Partial Molal Enthalpies For N-Butane-Nitrogen System, Charles Fisk Paddock

Theses

Enthalpies and partial molal enthalpies are presented for the nitrogen-n-butane system at 340°F. and at pressures from 200 to 10,000 psia. The enthalpies were calculated for the pure components and for five mixtures using a graphical residual method which is described by Van Ness.⁽¹⁾ This method makes use of the Redlich-Kwong equation of state⁽²⁾ to calculate approximate values which are then adjusted by graphical correction factors. This paper illustrates both the advantages and disadvantages of this method, the graphical residual method being advantageous only when the graphical contribution to the total result is relatively small. Calculated enthalpies of …

Esterification Of Technical Grade Lactic Acid, George John Swier

Theses

A step in the method for manufacturing a purified grade of lactic acid from the technical grade lactic acid (44%) was investigated. In this method, technical grade lactic acid was reacted with normal butyl alcohol, the water formed during esterification was azeotropically removed. The ester formed, was separated from the excess butanol by vacuum distillation. The final step, the hydrolysis of the distilled ester to a purified grade of lactic acid was not covered in this investigation.

In this study, several features are reported, which to the best of knowledge, appear in a publication for the first time. They are …

The Electrochemical Product Of Sodium Meta Periodate, John Joseph Mooney

Theses

An investigation of an electrolytic cell utilizing a nickel anode in alkaline solution for the production of sodium meta periodate from sodium iodate was conducted. The problem was to find an improved method of producing the salts of periodic acid.

The test conditions of cell operation were varied, i. e., temperature, concentration, hydrogen ion concentration, current density and the physical dimensions of the electrolytic cell. The optimum conditions cell operation were found to be a temperature of 21°C, a concentration of 0.10 grams per milliliter of sodium iodate, a pH of 13, current density of between 32 and 42 milliamperes …

Particle-Liquid Flow In Vertical Tubes, Frederick John Rowe

Theses

It was the purpose of this investigation to develop an experimental Procedure which would allow the prediction of the variation of fraction void with varying liquid and solid rates from a minimum number of experiments carried out in simple apparatus. This procedure should allow prediction for both smooth and rough particles, and should be valid for several different shapes. The data collected can be plotted on a single chart showing the relation between fraction void, solids throughput, and liquid throughput for all vertical particle fluid systems. Such a method was suggested by Mertes and Rhodes1 in their work developing a …

Power Requirements For Agitation In Fully Baffled Vertical Cylinders, Leo Francis Ryan

Theses

The decrease in power number with increasing Reynolds number sought in this thesis was observed. However, the majority of the data is not an indication of this phenomenon. Only with a relatively high ratio of turbine diameter to vessel diameter could a power number fall-off be obtained. The power number fall-off thus appears to be dependent upon this ratio of turbine diameter to vessel diameter. When the power number fall-off was evidenced, a deep vortex existed despite the presence of full baffling, and large quantities of air were entrained by the liquid.

Even after applying pseudo corrections for both entrained …

Behavior Change Through Training, Robert Walter Messerschmidt

Theses

This thesis represents an investigation of attitude and behavior change as a result of human relations training, The elements of heredity and environment are proffered as a basis for attitude and behavior formation. It is denoted that these elements are also instrumental in subsequent development of adult behavior.

As noted in the literature, the term "individual differences" embodies the effect of virtually unique heredity and environmental conditions to which each person is exposed. These differences are also partly determined by the growth in developmental trends, which varies from individual to individual and from time to time.

The existence of individual …

Correlation Of Maximum Air Velocity With Angle Of Installation For Wire Mesh Mist Eliminators, John Lawrence Reid

Theses

Wire mesh entrainment separators were installed in a vertical cylindrical column at varying angles from the horizontal. With a fixed liquid loading, air flow rates were varied in order to determine the maximum capacity of the mist eliminator for any given angle of installation. Mist eliminators studied were 4" thick and constructed of 0. 011" diameter Type 304 stainless steel wire with a density of 12 lbs. per cubic foot and 5 lbs. per cubic foot.

For normal installations of mist eliminators in the horizontal plane, the following equation is used to determine maximum allowable design capacity:

V = K …

Removal Of Sodium Thiosulfate From Wash Water By The Use Of Ion Exchange Resins For Application In A Closed Photographic System, George Stein, William Streeter

Theses

Ion exchange resins were used for removing sodium thiosulfate from wash water. Quantitative tests were run to determine the feasability of using the resins in a closed rapid processing system. One liter of a monobed resin and one liter of an anion resin, each in a separate ion exchange column, were found to be sufficient to remove the sodium thiosulfate left in the wash water for 8000 square inches of Kodabromide F-2 paper under specified conditions.

Fugacity And Activity Coefficients For Methane-Carbon Dioxide System, Robert J. Capik

Theses

The Redlich and Kwong equation of state has been used along with the method derived by H. C. Van Ness (18) to calculate the fugacity and activity coefficients of the components of the methane-carbon dioxide system. Calculations have been carried out for the pure gases and four mixture compositions at 160°F. and 280°F. with pressures up to 600 atmospheres.

The method of Van Ness was used because it offered an accurate and simple way of calculating the fugacity and activity coefficients. This is accomplished by a combination of analytical and graphical procedures in which the graphical error is minimized by …

Collection Of Germanium From Acid Etch Waste By Ion Exchange, Robert Welsh Meyler

Theses

This report is an investigation of the use of ion exchange resins to recover germanium from acid etch wastes encountered in transistor manufacture.

Most of the experiments were performed with acid etch waste of unknown germanium content. The object was to determine if the ion exchange technique were applicable, and to select the most practical operating procedure.

When a satisfactory procedure had been established, later experimental runs were made with an acid etch solution of known germanium concentration to determine the yields of recovered germanium.

Yields of 60 per cent to 75 per cent recovery of germanium from the etch …

Vapor Liquid Equilibria Of Diacetone Alcohol In Various Solvents, John A. Mulligan

Theses

This paper presents the initial study of vapor-liquid equilibria data for the systems (a) diacetone alcohol-methanol (b) diacetone alcohol-ethanol and (c) diacetone alcohol-benzene at 100mm and 200mm and confirms the data reported by Hack and Van Winkle (6) on the system (d) diacetone alcohol-water at the same pressures. Margules and Redlich and Kister constants have been determined from the data, and are presented for use in future studies.

A comparison has been made between Redlich and Kister constants determined from laboratory data, and Redlich and Kister constants predicted from the physical properties of the components. Redlich and Kister constants predicted …

Enthalpies And Partial Molal Enthalpies For Methane-Carbon Dioxide System, Isaac Pass

Theses

Enthalpies and partial molal enthalpies have been calculated by a combination of analytical and graphical procedures for the methane carbon dioxide binary system at 160°F, and at pressures from 200 to 9000 psia.

Mixtures containing .0852, .19912, .3583 and .6685 weight fraction of methane in carbon dioxide, as well as the pure components were used. The method for calculation of the enthalpies was outlined by Van Ness (1) and involves the application of residuals to the Redlich-Kwong equation of state (2).

The results of this paper illustrate the value of the method as an accurate and reasonably convenient tool. Excellent …

Alkylation With Some Alkyl Borate By The Friedel-Crafts Methods, Richard Ernest Huber

Theses

Normal butyl, allyl, methylbutyne and 2-chloroethyl borates were synthesized in yields above 90.0% from their corresponding alcohols and boric acid. Using some of the above alkyl borates, and others commercially available, as alkylating agents, benzene was alkylated by the Friedel-Crafts method, using aluminum chloride as the catalyst. Yields were dependent on catalyst concentration. The alkyl benzenes were identified by means of: 1) physical constants, 2) infrared spectra, 3) melting points of derivatives, and 4) chemical analysis. Starting with normal alkyl borates, the formation of isomeric and dialkylated products was established through the analytical data.

The Volumetric Analysis Of Nitrocompounds Using Chromous Chloride, Charles Caslin Jamison

Theses

Chromous chloride has been shown to be more efficient than titanous chloride in the reduction of refractory nitro and nitramine groups in both aromatic and aliphatic compounds.

It was found that concentrated hydrochloric acid increases the efficiency of chromous chloride to a point where it would reduce the most difficult to deduce nitro-campounds.

The compounds studied were p-Nitromethylaniline, 2,4-Dinitrotoluene, 2,4-Dinitroaniline, 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene, Nitroguanidine, I,9-Di4cetoxy-2,4,6,8-penta-methylenetetranitramine, Sym-Cyclotrimethylenetrinitrimine, and Sym-Cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine.

A Study Of The Twenty-Four Hour Day Of Cherokee County High School Pupils With A Comparison Of Similar Findings In 1942, Dorothy Holland Adderhold

Theses

A time-study of the twenty-four hour day of pupils in a senior high school in a rural area (Cherokee County) of Alabama has been made in order to discover the amount of time being devoted by these pupils to various activities, and to compare these findings to a similar study made in 1942. Time spent for sleep, classes, chores, productive work, study, transportation, leisure, eating, listening to radio and television, other recreation, reading, dressing, and miscellaneous activity will be charted and comparisons will be made.

Correlation Of Maximum Air Velocity With Liquid Entrainment Loading For Wire Mesh Mist Eliminators, Edward W. Poppele

Theses

Two styles of Initted 'wire mesh entrainment separators,or demisters were investigated to determine maximun useful air flow rates over a wide range of liquid entrainmant loadings. The demisters studiod were six-inch thickniess and constructed of 0.011 inch diameter stainless steel wire.

The expression widely used to determine allowable design velocity for gas through demisters is:

V=K/((d1, dv)/ dv) (1)

where
V = Maximum Degree gas velocity, feet per second,
K = is a constant for the system,
d= density of entrained liquid phase, pounds per cubic foot,
dv = density of gaseous phase, pounds per cubic foot.

In this work …

Fugacity And Activity Coefficients For Methane-Carbon Dioxide System, Philip John Sievering

Theses

Fugacity and activity coefficients have been calculated by a combination of analytical and graphical methods for the methane-carbon dioxide system at 100° F. for pressures up to 680 atmospheres.

Four mixtures of the two gases, methane and carbon dioxide, and the pure gases themselves were used in the calculations according to the adaptation and interpertation of the Redlich and Kwong equation of state as set forth by H.C. Van Ness (1).

The results of this thesis seem to substantiate H.C. Van Ness's paper as a convenient and accurate method of calculating thermodynamic properties of gases from experimental compressibility-factor data. Since …

Pressure Drop In Packed Beds Of Metal Raschig Rings, Donald William Davis

Theses

Absorption towers packed with split metal Raschig rings have a higher void content than towers packed with ceramic Raschig rings of the same nominal size. This increased void volume is due to the thinner wall of the metal ring. This higher void space should also result in lower pressure drops than would be encountered with ceramic rings. The purpose of this research program was to determine the pressure drop-flow characteristics of this packing, and to develop suitable correlations for design of packed absorption towers.

Split metal Raschig rings of one-half and one inch nominal sizes were tested to determine their …