Digital Commons Network^™

A Study Of The Effect Of A Dielectric Field On The Solvolysis Rate Of Tert-Butyl Bromide In A Recycle Reactor, Rolf L. Ball

Theses

Previous experiments at Newark College of Engineering have shown that a dielectric field can effect the rate of a chemical reaction. A theory was developed in this thesis to postulate how a dielectric field can increase the rate of a first order reaction whose rate determining step is an ionization. An experimental procedure was developed to measure the reaction rate constant of a tertiary alkyl halide with a solvent to test this theory. The solvolysis of tortbutyl bromide in aqueous ethanol (80%), aqueous dioxane (75%) and aqueous acetone (75%) solvent systems were the reactions selected for study. A total of …

The Development Of Langmuir's Adsorption Isotherms For Glucose And Fructose And The Separation Via Continuous Parametric Pumping, Jafir Abbas Jaferi

Theses

The adsorption equilibria and adsorption rates of fructose and of glucose on aqueous suspensions of fullers earth were determined at various temperatures. The Langmuir adsorption equations were fitted to the equilibrium data and the Langmuir constants were determined so that isotherms could be developed for any pair of parametric pumping operating temperatures.

This glucose+fructose+water system was then subjected to continuous thermal parametric pumping for the separation of glucose and fructose. The operating conditions required for the separation were determined from the experimental adsorption rates and equilibrium isotherms. Samples taken from the continuous top and bottom streams were analyzed by polarimetry …

Equilibrium Calculations Via The Benedict-Webb-Rubin Equation Of State, Steven L. Sincoff

Theses

The performance of various vapor-liquid equilibrium calculations requires phase equilibrium data. One of the most versatile sources of this data is an equation of state, re-lating the pressure, temperature, and phase compositions it a single expression. The equation under study herewith is the eight constant Benedict-Webb-Rubin Equation of State.

This paper provides a computer program which evaluates the following types of phase equilibria: bubble-points, dew-points, and two phase flash calculations. Also included in this paper is the theoretical backround of the Benedict-Webb-Rubin Equation of State, calculational techniques, and the data used in the program.

Studies Of Rare Earth Compounds, Rostam Mondegarian

Theses

The work reported herein has consisted of miscellaneous studies of rare earth compounds.

1. The Pr—As system was studied with a view to obtaining a ferromagnetic composition.
2. Attempts were made to prepare ternary compounds by solid state reaction of PrAs, GdAs or YbAs with MnAs, CrAs or FeAs, and PrP, GdP, or YbP with MnP, CrP or FeP.
3. Attempts were made to prepare quaternary compounds by solid state reaction of YbAs, YbP and GdAs with CdI2 in various molar ratios. In many cases new compouns appeared to be formed but because of complexity of the X—ray patterns it was not possible …

Flow Behavior Of Molten Polymer Blends, Kryspin Pawel Maciejewski

Theses

An experimental study of molten polymer blends was made using the Instron Capillary Rheometer. The materials investigated were two phase blends of non-crystalline polymers (poIymethylmethacrystate-low Mw-polyvinylacetate, polyvinylacetate-polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate-low Mw-polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate-high Mw-polystyrene), crystalline polymers (polyethylene-polypropylene) and combinations of non-crystalline-crystalline polymers (polyethylene-polystyrene). Two methods of sample preparation were used, blending of a polymer pair in a molten state by the use of Brabender blender, and a simple manual blending of pellets in desired proportion. The Brabender blended polymer pairs show lower viscosities, this is interpreted molecularly as a result of a reduction of the amount of chain entanglement on shearing of the …

Digital Executive Control Of A Hybrid Computing System, Glenn Kauffman

Theses

This is a paper describing an interface system integrating an HP 2116B digital computer and an EAI TR-48' analog computer. The interface system provides the digital computer with the capability to control the analog computer operational modes, to read the output signals on the analog computer amplifiers and coefficient settings of the potentiometers, and to control and sense numerous interface trunks.

Design And Construction Of A Digital Pulse Generator, David Myer

Theses

This pulse generator was built to complement the Stroboscope 501, a high speed multi-flash unit capable of producing up to 6000 flashes per second. The Stroboscope is equipped with a electro-mechanical frequency generator, however a solid state pulse generator has the advantages of being highly accurate and repeatable. The basic design criteria were that the generator have several selectable frequencies within the limit of the Stroboscope, be able to count several different amounts of pulses and then close off automatically and be triggerable from an exterior source. The unit designed meets all these specifications. A high speed multi-flash strobe has …

Automatic Design Of Switching Networks, Darryl Dhein

Theses

This thesis develops a method for automatically selecting an optimum set of prime implicants of a Boolean function. The optimization algorithm is based on a minimum cost of mechanization of the simplified function. A FORTRAN IV computer program to implement this approach was written and is included as part of this thesis. This program was developed within the framework of an overall theory for the automation of the design of switching networks. A programing structure as well as the theory for the automation of design is given. Also included is an outline of further areas of study which would be …

Print Quality Measurement: The Application Of Instrumental Analysis To Graphic Arts, John Kuder

Theses

Instrumental analysis is a powerful tool when evaluation of print quality is desired. Traces of prints were obtained "by scanning them with a microdensitometer equipped with a reflection reading head attachment. The ability of newsprint to produce a good print under specified printing conditions is evaluated by measuring the uniformity of the contrast between dots and backgrounds, as well as the uniformity of the dots. A method of evaluation for these scans is formulated and discussed. Conclusions and reccomendations are made.

Relaying Pannel Road 345 Kv, Robert Jones

Theses

The protective relay schemes for the new Rochester Gas and Electric 's 345 kV tie at Pannell Road are described. The line protection consists of two sets of permissive overreaching, direct underreaching, transferred trip schemes; one being electromechanical and one being solid state. A brief description of the basic relay schemes, a list of relays and an elementary diagram is included.

Design And Construction Of A Standard Planetary Microfilming Camera Target Array (Pmta), Bruno Glavich, Richard Johnson

Theses

After researching the current applications, problems, and evaluation techniques of planetary microfilming systems, the authors designed and constructed a standard Planetary Microfilming camera Target Array (PMTA) that essentially satisfied three criteria, i.e. 1) inexpensive to produce, 2) simple to use, and 3) satisfies testing criteria for both microfilming equipment manufacture and user. Ten evaluation parameters were incorporated in two targets PMTA-I and PMTA-II. PMTA-I includes tests for 1) resolution, 2) readability of printed matter, 3) reduction ratio, 4) exposure and processing, 5) full field visual distortion, and finally 6) corner visual distortion. PMTA-II was designed to evaluate, 7) quatitative distortion, …

Optical Measurement Techniques For Blanket Release Characteristics On Web Presses, Joseph Griggs, Ronald Sandford

Theses

Offset printing involves the transfer of ink from the image areas of the printing plate to the paper through an intermediate blanket. The blanket is usually composed of synthetic fiber materials (e.g. nylon). Blanket-paper-ink characteristics contribute to limits of printing quality and mechanical press operation. Paper and blanket physical surface characteristics and also ink tackiness contribute to adhesion between the paper and blanket. If the adhesion is sufficiently large, the force required to separate the paper from the blanket may cause deterioration of print quality or press operational problems. Deterioration of the printed quality may include picking of coating from …

Design, Fabrication And Evaluation Of A Monochromatic Sensitometer, Jay Johnson

Theses

An intensity scale monochromatic sensitometer was constructed using a Bausch and Lomb single-pass diffraction-grating monochromator as the dispersing device. A ribbon-filament tungsten lamp was used to supply the radiant energy to the monochromator. The instrument was calibrated 2 radiometrically and was shown to have a maximum irradiance of 10 ergs/cm 2 2 at 425 nm, 43.7 ergs/cm at 550 nm and 26.1 ergs/cm at 700 nm. Exposure is accomplished by transporting the film and step tablet past a slit at a constant velocity. Several film velocities and slit widths are available to produce exposure times ranging from 0.003 to 2.0 …

Pulse-Width-Modulation Control For Second Order Plants Via A Quadratic Criterion, Charles Gebo

Theses

This paper presents a mathematical study of the control of a second order plant having real distinct roots by use of pulse -width-modulation. An integrator connected between the pulse-width-modulator and the plant is a fixed element of the control loop. The integral-square error is used as the Index of performance. The ISE is minimized with the constraint that the pulse modulator is limited to a maximum of one output reversal for a step change in input. Derivation of the equation which will predict the exact switching time of the modulator output to minimize the performance index for any step amplitude …

Continuous Interfacial Polycondensation Of Nylon 6-6, Chandrakant A. Patel

Theses

Nylon 6-6 has been prepared by continuous interfacial polycondensation from hexamethylene diamine and adipyl chloride in a stirred system. The effect of monomer concentration and stirring on the intrinsic viscosity of polyamide 6-6 solution in formic acid (90%) was determined.

As stirring rate and monomer ratio increased, the intrinsic viscosity and polymer yield went through a maximum. Diffusion coefficient (D_AB) for hexamethylene diamine was calculated and from that J_D and mass transfer coefficient /D_AB were calculated. A relation between Reynolds number and J_D factor was established by correlation curve.

Dielectric Properties Of Atactic And Isotactic Polystyrene, Thaddeus F. Kroplinski

Theses

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the dielectric constant and dissipation factor of atactic and isotactic polystyrene at 25°C and at frequencies of 0.1, 1.0, 10, and 100 kilocycles per second. In addition, the effects of molecular weight and crystallinity on the dielectric properties of polystyrene mos also studied.

Polystyrene slabs of uniform thickness mere prepared by molding the polymer under heat and pressure. The isotactic polystyrene slabs Imre annealed at 175°g for various lengths of time to achieve varying degrees of crystallinity.

The molded polystyrene slabs were fitted with circular aluminum foil electrodes to form a three …

A Simple Method For Liquid Enthalpy Departure Calculations, Ching-Lin Chien

Theses

The reduced equation of state for gases and liquids developed by Benson and Golding in 1951 is modified and used to calculate liquid enthalpy departures for saturated pure substances and mixtures. The temperature-independent coefficients in the modified equation are determined from critical properties and experimental liquid enthalpies at the boiling point and at the critical point. The results of the proposed method are compared with those predicted with the modified Redlich-Kwong equation of state by Joffe and Zudkevitch.

Agitation Of Dilatant Fluids, Vijay Jang Datta

Theses

No abstract provided.

Prediction Of The Physical Properties Of Pure Gases And Liquids, James L. Filson

Theses

A computer programmed system for the estimation of physical properties of pure compounds from minimum data input on compound type and structure was developed for both gas and liquid phase conditions.

The properties of the gas phase which can be obtained include:

• gas volume
• compressibility
• normal boiling point
• volume at the normal boiling point
• critical temperature, pressure, volume compressibility
• vapor pressure
• Riedel factor
• acentric factor
• ideal heat capacity
• heat capacity at constant pressure
• heat capacity at constant volume
• dipole moment
• intermolecular distance
• hard sphere volume
• viscosity at low pressure
• viscosity at elevated pressure
• thermal conductivity at low pressure
• thermal conductivity …

Computer Model For Reactor Design Of An Ethane Cracking Unit, Derek J. Lough

Theses

The purpose of this thesis is to develop a Fortran [sic] Computer Program to model the radiation section of a pyrolysis tube reactor designed for cracking 100 percent ethane feed. The model calculates the length of the tubular reactor required to obtain a specified ethane conversion or the ethane conversion for a specified reactor length. The resulting solution yields a conversion profile, a temperature profile, and the reactor residence time as a function of tube length. From this data it can be determined if the design is adequate and lies within the reactor model's constraints.

A Nomograph For The Rapid Solution Of The Arrhenius Equation, Joseph John Lamont

Theses

There are presently no calculational aids for the rapid computation of the Arrhenius parameters of the chemical reaction rate equations.

Two nomographs for solving the Arrhenius equation for the relative reaction rate constants at different temperatures, and for computing activation energies and frequency factors are presented. Several graphs and tables of the relative reaction rate constant as a function of activation energy and temperature are also presented.

The nomographs, graphs and tables can be used, singly or combined, in lieu of numerical calculation for the solution for Arrhenius parameters, or the computation of rate constants.

A computer program included in …

Incineration Of Solid/Liquid Human Waste, Theodore Joseph Wayne

Theses

This thesis encompasses the design criteria required to produce an effective incineration system for the disposal of solid/liquid human waste. Coupled with the overall design parameters is an investigation of the chemical decomposition of the waste during the incineration process, odor treatment and control, and the physiological effects on the human body due to the inhalation of the toxic gases given off during the combustion of human waste.

The variables involved in the combustion process are studied and equations presented that relate the combustion variables of flame temperature, residence time and air requirements. These equations are tested based upon published …

A Simulation Model Capable Of Performing The Calculations Involved In Defining A Crude Preheat Train, Robert G. Parker

Theses

A simulation model has been developed for a system of ex changers to preheat the feed to a crude distillation unit. In conjunction, a Fortran program for the performance of the model calculations by digital computer was written. Two types of preheat system were simulated, a single train system and a split (or parallel) train system. A number of features were included in the program for flexibility and versatility. A particular effort was made to have the model represent as economical a preheat system as possible.

The model program was used to obtain computer-calculated results for both single-train and split-train …

Teilhard De Chardin's Mass On The World, Mary Stover

Theses

None provided.

Tone Reproduction Of Small-Scale Images Using Lithographic Film Under Infectious And Noninfectious Developmental Conditions, Julian Lopez

Theses

The tone reproduction curve of small-scale images on KODALITH film developed with KODALITH Super Developer were obtained by microdensitometry using a sinusoidal target of 64 percent modulation as a sensitometric tablet to produce images at spatial frequencies corresponding to screen rulings of 9 to 375 lines/inch. A similar series of exposures was processed with addition of sulfite to the developer to give essentially noninfectious development. Speed and contrast with KODALITH developer increased with spatial frequency; speed increased continuously by a small factor and contrast passed through a maximum (80 percent greater than for large area image) at a spatial frequency …

Design Considerations For A Recording Instrument To Be Used In Conjunction With R.I.T.'S Radio Astronomy System, Robert D. Harned

Theses

Recording of radio emission from the sun can adequately be accomplished using a magnetic tape system. Magnetic tape's advantages over other recording systems include higher information capacity, low cost, and ease of operation.

Modifications of the tape deck include the recording motor speed controlled by a SCR circuit, a suitable filtering device for the SCR, and an external fan for cooling the circuit and motor.

Careful consideration has been given to the frequency response and signal-to-noise ratio as it affects the accuracy of the recording.

Design Of A Tactile Vocoder, Roger Carr

Theses

A tactile vocoder is designed for the feedback of acoustic cues for detection by the sense of touch. Design objectives based on speech signal properties are generated. An existing spectrum channel vocoder is the starting point of the design. The follow-on modulation stage after the filter channels of the spectrum channel vocoder is built up in a breadboard model and tested. The transfer function of the modulation stage has an input dynamic range of 68 decibels, being linear over 38 decibels of this range. The complete breadboard model using one of the filter channels has an input dynamic range of …

Computer Application Of Historical Data, Raymond Wright

Theses

None provided.

A New Technique For Steady State And Transient Analyses Of Incompressible Flow Networks, George V. Catanzaro

Theses

A new technique for the calculation of the transient or the steady-state mass flow rate and pressure distribution in incompressible flow networks is presented. Employing the matrix method of network analysis, the nodal continuity and branch momentum equations are solved simultaneously to obtain explicit relations giving the unknown nodal pressures and branch mass flow rates. In this manner, the transient or the steady-state behavior of incompressible flow networks with arbitrary configuration having nodal sources and sinks as well as branch transducers can be determined. In contrast with the conventional steady-state network analysis methods, the new technique can be extended to …

Stability Analysis Of A Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor With An Autocatalytic Reaction, David Elliot Rosenberg

Theses

The basic principles of stability analysis are set forth, including the development of a mathematical model, steady state analysis, integration of the dynamic system equations, and predictions of transient responses. The equations for the mathematical model are developed for a continuous stirred tank reactor with a cooling jacket, containing an autocatalytic reaction, in unsteady state operation. These equations are numerically integrated to obtain a good picture of reactor dynamics about the steady state. State variable methods, including the classical linearization theorems and Lyapunov's Second Method, are utilized to predict bounds of stable reactor behavior. A discussion of the shortcomings of …