Digital Commons Network^™

Effects Of Varying Unsharp Masking And Contrasts In Duplicate Mammographs With Respect To Cancer Detection, Leonard Parker

Theses

This report examines two methods of enhancing a photographic image and applies them to duplicating mammographs. Subtractive unsharp masking, one such method, is a photo-optical edge enhancement technique. The degree of unsharpness is controlled by interspacing between the mammograph and a receiving film while exposing. The other method is optimizing the combination of masking film contrast and duplicating film contrast. Three levels of unsharpness, two levels of mask contrast and two levels of duplicating film contrast were tested. The common objective of this project and mammography in general involves the recognition and diagnosis of breast cancer. Specifically, the experimental objective …

Engineering A Primary Waste Treatment Plant, Edwin O. Onwawoma

Theses

This thesis deals with the design and construction of a primary waste treatment plant. The scope of work covered here, includes waste sampling and characterization, process design data gathering, process and mechanical design, cost estimate, and a general discussion of the construction and start-up.

In the development of this work, it is assumed that a decision has been made to build the waste treatment plant, using a known process. Therefore, economic evaluations designed to determine return on investment and selection of a process, will not be discussed. The impact the capital investment associated with the waste treatment facility has on …

Evaluation Of Herington General Integral Test For Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data, Raja Gopal Nori

Theses

A new set of general integral tests for the thermodynamic consistency of isothermal and isobaric equilibrium data of binary systems was proposed by E.F.G. Herington.

The systems Benzene-Cyclohexane and Benzene-n-Propanol were examined using Herington integral test-. The data used included sets of data known to be in error. One set was, in effect, at true vapor-liquid equilibrium (the data of literature) but the other data was obtained when the system was inadequately insulated and heated.

Heringtan test showed significantly different estimates for heats of mixing for the cases involved. The best data showed heats of mixing near the theoratical values. …

Sidewise Force Exerted On Slowly Falling Spheres Inside A Circular Cylinder, Gary Mark Greenstein

Theses

Numerical values are provided for the forces that must be applied to a reference sphere to prevent its sidewise motion when two equal-sized spheres settle through a viscous liquid bounded by a cylindrical tube. These values are presented for two independent set of circumstances:

1. - the spheres are translating but not rotating
2. - the spheres are rotating but not translating

Forces have been calculated assuming various distances between the sphere centers and with the line of centers at various angles to the horizontal. The results are discussed for the case where the spheres are both translating and rotating and compared …

Effect Of Mixing On Polymerizations In Batch Reactors, John Guy Steenrod

Theses

The effects of mixing on polymerizations in batch reactors are examined theoretically for initiations by thermal decomposition of catalyst and by absorption of ionizing radiation. Mathematical expressions for predicting the first three moments of the dead polymer size distribution are presented. Two extreme mixing states. perfect and no mixing. are considered. It is shown that in batch reactors mixing in any direction in which nonuniform initiations exist increases the polymerization reaction rate and the number average molecular weight, and decreases the weight average and the polydispersity.

Experimentally, the effects of mixing were studied in a solution polymerization system, in a …

Job Satisfaction (An Original Study Of Xerox First Line Managers In The Field Organization), Barth Kelly

Theses

None provided.

The Market In India For Optical Goods, P.S. Bhullar

Theses

None provided.

Laboratory Design For Instruction In Long Distance Communication For The Deaf, George Schieber

Theses

None provided.

Solvents Screening For Hydrocarbons Separation Of Close Molar Volumes, Dilip K. Kapasi

Theses

The approximate physical model for solute-solvent inter?actions presented by J, M, Prausnitz and R, Anderson¹ is briefly discussed, Applicability of Weimer, Prausnitz³ and Helpinstill, Van Winkle⁷ models is investigated using experimental values of activity coefficients for C₅ hydrocarbons in 13 solvents including one nonpolar and 12 polar solvents. Independent correlations, based on our experimental values at 45°C for normal and isopentane have been developed. Although the required thermodynamic properties are obtained through a comparative analysis of all the available and estimated methods, dependable values of activity coefficients for Isopentane and 1-Pentene could not be obtained through …

Industrialized-Subsidized Housing In The Hackensack Meadowlands, Andrew Carl Gildersleeve

Theses

New Jersey as well as the rest of the nation is beginning to feel the pinch of what has been termed the housing crisis. The products of the World War II baby-boom are now reaching the age where they require homes of their own, making the demand for good quality low-cost housing very high. At the same time, the demand for good public housing continues to grow and we are learning that our previous efforts in this field have been far from satisfactory.

In the course of this study I have looked into the possibilities of solving a portion of …

A Study Of The Vibrational Spectra Of Some Monosubstituted Pyridines, Hussein Ibrahim Abdel-Shafy

Theses

Infrared spectra in the range (4000-250 cm^-1) and Raman spectra in the range (4000-150 cm^-1) of pyridine, 2-, 3- and 4-chloro-, bromo-, and methylpyridines, 2-fluoro-, 2-amino and 4-ethylpyridines have been measured. The spectra, vibration and assignments of the observed frequencies of 2-amino-, and 4-ethylpyridines are presented for the first time. The infrared data for 2-fluoropyridine is combined with the previously reported Raman data of Stephenson and Voelz to allow complete vibrational assignments for this compound for the first time. Frequency assignments for the other molecules are re-examined and where necessary changes and/or additions in frequency assignments …

Rheo-Optical Properties Of Polyisobutylene, Russell B. Biss

Theses

This study presents quantitative experimental data on the various stress-optical characteristics of polymer liquids, specifically, polyisobutylene. Through the use of a concentric cylinder rheogoniometer and a rotational viscometer, the temperature effects of a newtonian polyisobutylene liquid. was studied and was found to have a stress-optical coefficient independent of shear stress and minor temperature changes. The experiments confirm that the birefringence is a known function of the extinction angle and the shear stress. Various polyisobutylene liquids were used in a simple flow device to observe the birefringence in the 1-3 plane and the 2-3 plane. The results indicate that the 1-3 …

A Study Of An Adiabatic Tubular Reactor For The Multiple Chlorination Of Methane, Richard L. Braun

Theses

A computer program has been developed which simulates the multiple chlorination of methane in an adiabatic, tubular reactor. Euler's method is used to approximate the solutions of the programs differential equations.

The program is designed to determine the amount of an inert diluent required in the feed stream to attain some specified conversion of methane in a safe and efficient temperature range. Particular emphasis is put on determining the amount of diluent required to attain 98% conversion of methane at an outlet temperature of 723°K. The program also determines the reactor volume necessary to achieve the specified conversion, and the …

The Steady State Heat And Temperature Distribution Of A Hot Sphere Within An Infinite Wedge, David W. Horwat

Theses

This thesis presents a mathematical model of the steady state heat and temperature distributions of a hot sphere located along the midplane of an infinitely long wedge of any arbitrary central angle. The heat and temperature distributions of this geometric configuration are of immense value, since through the use of this model as a wedge shaped unit cell the description of any number of hot spheres, arranged in a regular planar array can be immediately determined.

The method of reflections is used to solve Laplace's equation , V²T=O , analytically using the sphere and the wedge walls as …

The Study On The Soot Formation Of Hydrocarbon Flames, Yih-Jian Wu

Theses

Carbon formation during the quenching of low-pressure premixed hydrocarbon flames was studied using rapid-scanning optical and mass spectroscopy. Experimental techniques were developed and it was found that the tendency to form soot was a function of the hydrocarbon chain length. These results are relevant to the design of restartable space engines in which the use of hydrocarbon fuels is contemplated because the formation of soot in space will result in the formation of a shroud around the spacecraft which will adversely affect sensing by optical means.

The Effect Of Dry-Blending High Density Polyethylene On Final Product Properties, Charles H. Klestadt

Theses

The incentives for Dry-Blending Polyethylenes of varying property type may be economic gain, improved product quality, or both. The manufacturers' latest mode of operation involves seeking to meet their customers' needs with a product line made by using one catalyst system and operating at maximum capacity, while varying the fewest possible control parameters. Off-spec materials and on-spec materials not fitting customers' requirements are two prime targets for additional profits with proper dry blending techniques. The approach used in solving the problem involved starting with an existing product line and converting these products into a number of experimental blends. The blends …

Optimal Performance Of Equilibrium Parametric Pumps, Joseph A. Manganaro

Theses

An examination of the conditions required to obtain the optimal performance of semicontinuous and continuous parametric pumps, defined by the achieving of the maximum possible solute free product for a given column height, was undertaken. The model system sodium nitrate ? water on an ion retardation resin adsorbate was employed. Equations defining maximum values of certain important parameters such as the bottom product flow rate and reservoir displacement rate were developed by extending previous theories of parametric pumping. Experimental runs were carried out using parameters whose values were both less than and greater than the maximum values predicted for optimal …

The Determination Of An Optimum Plant Capacity In A Dynamic Economy, Frederick Louis Monesmith

Theses

A. Monte Carlo computer program has been developed in which the optimum plant capacity is determined by comparing calculated profitability criterions for various plant capacities. The estimates for input variables are developed into probability distributions. This data is then used to calculate a probability distribution for a-profitability criterion. In this thesis approximately thirty input variables are developed into beta distributions. Each variable must be estimated with a ninety percent probability estimate, a most likely probability estimate and a ten percent probability estimate. The three level estimates for each variable completely describe the beta distribution. Approximately half of the beta distributions …

The Thermal Degradation Of Polyvinyl Alcohol, Carlos Eduardo Ortiz

Theses

The thermal degradation of polyvinyl alcohol has been investigated using mass spectrometry, differential thermal analysis, and infrared spectroscopy unlike previous investigators, formaldehyde and acrolein were not observed volatiles. In addition, acetic acid was observed, a product not reported previously.

Constructed Objects, Dennis Mcshane

Theses

Not Included

A Study Of Industry-Prepared Instructional Aids And Services And Their Use By Graphic Arts Educators, Jere Rentzel

Theses

The primary purpose of this study was to determine which instructional aids and services graphic arts teachers felt were needed to improve their programs and themselves, and to compare those desired aids and services to the ones currently being provided by A.B. Dick, Addressograph-Multigraph, DuPont, Eastman Kodak, and the 3M Company. The secondary purpose was to develop a publishable list of instructional aids and services for graphic arts teachers. The graphic arts teachers' needs were solicited through a survey form completed by Rochester, New York, area teachers and by those graphic arts teachers who attended a special interest session, "New …

Design And Construction Of Sinusoidal Targets For Resolving Power Cameras, Peter Hertzmann

Theses

None provided.

A Photographic Recorder For Experimental Parachute Test Data, Peter Vredenburg

Theses

Improvement in the ability to record and retrieve experimental data in general enhances the degree of utilization of information. Recent advances in electronic logic circuits, and the advent of the light emitting diode, make possible the utilization of photography as an initial recording medium. This improves the retrieval time for data, since it can be reduced and coded prior to recording with modern solid state circuits. A feasibility study, and construction of a prototype recorder was done for application to experimental parachute test data. The recorder monitors strain gage response at a sample rate of 20 per second, converts the …

Resolution Targets As A Measure Of Detail In Reproduction Of Engineering Drawings, Thomas Pratuch

Theses

The purpose of the experimentation was to abstract the problem of reading an engineering drawing so untrained observers could be used, and in so doing, find the minimum detail of drafted materials. Once the minimum detail condition was established, testing was to continue to find the procedures necessary to test for correlation between resolution targets and the minimum detail. The final goal was to reach a set of recommendations for further work and reduce the amount of unnecessary work for later experimenters. In short this paper was to help bring the testing of resolution and drafted materials to the same …

Solvent Recovery From A Complex Process Solvent Stream, John Budavari

Theses

This work deals with the recovery of solvents from a complex process waste stream containing methylene chloride chloroform, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, heptane and butyl acetate. In addition to the above-mentioned solvents, the mixture is saturated with water (ca. 1%), hydrochloric acid, and contains organic and inorganic process impurities. The objective was to develop the simplest economical recovery process utilizing vapor-liquid equilibrium data, distillation and extraction procedures. Considerable effort was expended to develop precise and reliable assay methods. A process which met the necessary requirements of maximum solvent recovery with minimum waste disposal, was developed.

Reactions Of Perchloro-1,2-Dimethylene Cyclobutane With Amines, Robert James Smith

Theses

Perchloro-1,2-dimethylene cyclobutane was reacted with primary amines forming cyclic amidinium salts. Their structures were elucidated by the performance of various spectral analyses.

Design For A Developing Consortium, Henry A. Mauermeyer

Theses

The number of consortia in American higher education expanded rapidly from only ten in 1960 to eighty in 1973. Many do not have an organized method of developing interinstitutional cooperation, structuring their internal management, or preparing to meet future expansion.

The design of an organizational process appropriate to consortia in general has been developed in this thesis. The design is based on an analysis of various materials: (1) literature on the consortium movement; (2) data gathered from a nationwide survey conducted by the author; (3) visits with directors of consortia and experts in the consortium field; (4) actual working experience …

The Design And Implementation Of A Time-Shared Computer Based Construction Cost Estimating System For An Electric Utility, Thomas Arnold Westphal

Theses

The work of the distribution department of an elec tric utility involves a great deal of medium to heavy construction. This work is vital to serve the energy needs of the public. An electric utility constantly builds, reinforces, and repairs electric distribution facilities. The material and labor used to accomplish this construction is expensive. Money in sufficient amounts is seldom, if ever, available to finance all proposed construction projects. Therefore, the cost of proposed projects must be estimated in advance, so that management may decide on an economic basis which projects will be authorized.

The need for accurate construction cost …

Steady State And Dynamic Performance Of Anisotropic Reluctance Motor, S. Chandrasekhara Rao

Theses

The paper deals with a special type of reluctance motor called Anisotropic rotor reluctance motor. As the name implies, advantage is taken of the internal anisotropy of the rotor magnetic structure. Axially laminated grain oriented silicon steel is used in the rotor. This unconventional configuration of assembly of rotor laminations results in a high ratio of direct axis to quadrature axis reluctance. Compared to the conventional reluctance motor, pull out torque of more than three times and a power factor as high as in an induction motor is obtained. Several motors of ratings up to 60 HP. were built and …

Design Of Multipass Fractionating Trays, Paul W. Becker

Theses

Multipass fractionating trays are vapor-liquid contacting devices with high liquid handling capabilities which can be economically used in large fractionating towers. However, process design engineers in the chemical and petroleum industries seem to have an aversion to specifying multipass trays for their tower designs. This thesis presents the case for using multipass trays as well as methods for their design.

Because multipass trays are not symmetrical, as one and two pass trays are, the liquid and vapor need not split equally between the three or four passes. Equations are developed which enable the vapor and liquid flowrate for each pass …