Digital Commons Network^™

A Study Of The Effect Of An Electric Potential On The Saponification Of Ethyl Acetate, Michael Maciupa

Theses

A reactor of rectangular cross-sectional, area was constructed of plexiglass to study the effect of an electric potential on the saponification of ethyl acetate with sodium hydroxide. Three different laminar region flow rates were used and the applied voltage was varied up to four kilovolts in one kilovolt increments for each flow rate. It was found that the apparent rate constant for the reaction was either increased or decreased depending on the voltage and flow rate used. The largest increase was a 4.2 percent change from zero voltage steady state conditions with an applied voltage of one kilovolt at a …

A Comparison Of The Effects Of Viscous And Immersion Processing On Small Image Sizes In Originals And Duplicates, James Fahnestock

Theses

A test target with three two bar groups was designed around the DIM microfilm standards. It was produced photographically on a litho film. This target v/as used to discover the factors significant in determining small image sizes and spacings in a microfilm. A 16 mm film holder was designed and built to facilitate the microfilm imaging process. Second and third generation images were made using a liquid-gated contact printing prodedure. It was found that the optical image size an the film at the time of exposure, the image generation, and the optical image size and the density interaction were significant …

Adsorption On Activated Flyash, John William Kubarewicz

Theses

An experimental study was undertaken to compare the adsorptive characteristics of activated carbon, flyash, and activated flyash. Due to the contradictory evidence available in the literature, emphasis was placed on the effect of acid activation on the physical properties of the adsorbent. The experiment consisted of two parts; batch isotherm studies, and continuous column operations. An artificial sewage composed of a mixture of deionized water and beef broth was used as the adsorbate. This solution was prepared daily and exerted a COD of 225 ± 30 mg/l. Flyash activation was found to increase the degree of adsorption indirectly rather than …

Identification Thresholds Of The Human Visual System For An Alphanumeric Resolution Test Object, Mark Bobb

Theses

Many investigations of the detection threshold of the human visual system have been conducted, and a few recognition threshold studies can be found, however no identification threshold data are available. This paper documents research on the observer's identification threshold for an alphanumeric resolution test object presented at various average luminance levels, contrasts, and contrast polarities. These factors affected the identification threshold in a similar way to the effects they exert on the observer's detection and recognition thresholds; the test object contrast being the most significant factor. Direct numerical comparisons between the various thresholds were not possible due to the large …

The Chemical Effect Of Ultrasound On Cyanide Solutions, Nabil R. Zaki

Theses

An experimental study was undertaken to investigate the chemical effects of high intensity ultrasonic radiation on cyanide solutions. The effects of aeration, concentration of cyanide and temperatures on the reaction rate are investigated. The experiment was preformed in a 30 mm pyrex tube immersed at a fixed height in a constant volume water bath. Ultrasonic energy was applied through the use of a transducer epoxied at the bottom of the water bath. The power inputs to the transducer were 40W (27KHz) and 100W (21KHz).

At a power of 40W, ultrasound had no chemical effect on cyanide solutions. At 100W, hydrogen …

Computer Program For Binary Distillation Using The Method Of Pochon-Savarit With Enthalpy Data Calculated By Lagrange Interpolation, Joseph J. Rogus

Theses

This thesis presents a Fortran Computer Program to solve binary distillation problems. The solution is obtained by the method of Pochon-Savarit which is based upon graphical use of an enthalpy-concentration diagram. The enthalpy data in this program is calculated using Lagrange interpolation. This is accomplished by utilizing the Lagrange interpolation to get values for the enthalpy of the vapor until we find that value which lies on the same line as the enthalpy of the liquid from the preceding tray and its corresponding del point.

The required input data consist of liquid-vapor equilibrium data, heat of solution data with the …

The Thermal Dehydration Of Magnesium Sulfate Hexahydrate (Mgso3.6h2o) And Magnesium Sulfite Trihydrate (Mgso3.3h2o), Raafat F. Abdel-Malek

Theses

The thermal dehydration of MgSO₃.3H₂O and MgSO₃.6H₂O have been studied by differential thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis.

Similar studies by other groups led to contradictory conclusions. In this investigation, these results were reconciled and it was concluded that MgSO₃.6H₂O, under equilibrium conditions, dehydrates in two steps through the intermediate formation of MgSO₃.3H₂O.

One consequence of this work is the development of a simple analytical procedure, using TGA, for the quantitative determination of both hydrates in mixtures and in the presence …

The Thermodynamics Of Electrolytic Solutions, Eric Robert Bixon

Theses

The thermodynamic properties of solutions of electrolytes may be accurately determined by the measurement of the activity of the s6lvent. when the. solute is nonvolatile, this quantity may be obtained from measurements of the lowering of the vapor pressure caused by the presence of the dissolved solute.

An experimental method has been devised to measure this effect using a semi-conventional Othmer Still. The experimental apparatus has been constructed. and evaluated. Data has been-obtained for the vapor pressure lowering of methanol due to the presence of dissolved electrolyte for five different electrolyte-methanol systems. An extrapolation technique was developed to make use …

Separation Of Isomers Via Thermal Parametric Pumping, Vincent J. D'Emidio

Theses

Continuous and semicontinuous thermal parametric pumps for separating isomers were experimentally investigated using the model system glucose-fructose-water on a cation exchange resin adsorbent. A comparison was made between the experimental data and the calculated results by a method based on an equilibrium theory. The method invokes the assumptions that a multicomponent mixture contains a series of pseudo binary systems. Each binary system consists of one of the solutes as one component and the common inert solvent as the other component. It has been shown that under certain conditions, the pump with feed at the enriched end has the capacity for …

A Preliminary Study Of The Thermodynamic Limitations Of The Nrtl/Lemf Equations, Robert Petrie

Theses

Analytical evaluations of the second and third derivatives of the molar Gibbs energy of mixing for the NRTL/LEMF equations indicate distinct zones of miscible and inmiscible prediction.

These calculations for a number of different α's have produced approximate miscibility limits for both NRTL/LEMF energy parameters and infinite dilution activity coefficients of a given system.

Transient Phenomena Of Polymer Solutions, Nikolaus Zwetkow

Theses

With the aid of a rotational viscometer, several transient phenomena were studied with different polymer solutions. In order to be acquainted with the operations of the rotational viscometer, viscosity measurements were made on polystyrene solution of a 7.14 wt. % NBS-2-35967 in a 35 - 65 mixture of aroclor and TCP, polyisobutylene (16.5% in mineral spirits), Indopol H-1900 (polyisobutylene) and 4.5% polyisobutylene in Primol 355. All these were done at a temperature of 77°F, except for Indopol H-1900 which was done at different temperatures. The results are listed in the section of tables and graphs.

Viscosity was measured with a …

A Comparison Of The Properties Of Conventional Offset Ink And Ultraviolet Ink, Vanchai Sirichana

Theses

Some of the advantageous characteristics of ultra violet ink are said to be the absence of pollution and reasonable energy consumption as well as rapid drying (curing). Little is published about physical properties or print quality. Printers require information in this regard because the reports which are presently available are not clear and lack in detail. If the printability of UV inks were equal to that of conventional offset ink, this ink would be close to an ideal ink. This work was under taken so as to compare the properties of ultraviolet ink with conventional offset ink. The inks selected …

The Relationship Between The Relative Legibility Of Textual Material And Resolving Power In A Microphotographic System, John Compton

Theses

The application of microphotographic methods for the processing and storage of information has grown steadily during the last two decades. The microphotographic system, through which the information must pass at a minimum is as follows: Step 1: Photographing of the original document at a large reduction onto a silver halide microfilm. Step 2: Duplicating through contact printing onto a non-silver photographic material. Step 3: Second generation duplication onto a nonsilver photographic material (This image may be used on a microfilm reader). Step 4: Enlargement of the second generation duplicate to give a hard copy print. One of the main objectives …

The Effect Of Blue Base Tint On The Sensitivity And Acutance Of X-Ray Films, Michael Klein

Theses

An experiment was devised to quantitatively measure the effect of blue base tint (inherent in most medical x ray films) on the sensitivity and acutance of an x ray film. Results showed no significant difference due to the blue base tint for sensitivity. However, a significant difference was found for the base tint's effect on acutance of an x ray film. It was determined that the difference in acutance was due to an "anti–halation effect" of the blue base dye.

Image Mechanisms In Screenless Lithography, Charles Martin

Theses

In conventional lithography, a halftone screen is used to photographically convert the continuous- tone image of the original into a grid of very small, closely spaced dots of constant density but varying areas. Screenless or continuous-tone lithography is a printing process capable of reproducing images with gradated tones without the use of a halftone screen. Screenless lithography has a high quality potential because it has few of the inherent problems that limit the quality of the halftone process. This thesis investigates the image mechanisms in screenless lithography and in particular the role of variable water receptivity. It was hypothesized that …

A Kinetic Study Of Lysine And Lysine Derivatives, Stephen Joseph Stanley

Theses

The kinetics of the reaction of iodoacetamide with lysine, polylysine, N-α-Acetyl lysine, and N-ε-Acetyl lysine, have been studied. The investigation was done at 23° C ± 123° C, as a function of pH, and concentration. In all cases it was noted that the rate of reaction increased as the pH increased. The rate data was analyzed in order to obtain the second order rate constants. In addition, the effects of the reactive site's environment on the rate was demonstrated.

Soluble Surfactant Effects On Gas Absorption Of Organic Compounds, Angelo C. Morresi

Theses

A literature search dating back to the beginning of this century turned up no previous work similar to ours. We discuss several methods and experiments involving the scrubbing of air streams.

The objective of this work was the determination of surfactant affects on the solubility of certain organic compounds of varying solubility in water. A means of simulating a packed tower was devised to allow for bench scale evaluation and thus enabled a greater number of organic compounds to be examined with a greater variety of surfactants.

Curves were plotted based on organic vapor concentration, surfactant concentration, organic type, surfactant …

Steady State Heat Transfer From A Double Ring Of Identical Spheres In A Regular Orientation, Evelio A. Melo

Theses

Solutions to Laplace's equation are obtained by the method of reflections for the problem of heat transfer from two parallel rings of spheres arranged in regular polygonal arrays. The mathematical models developed describe the rate of heat transfer and spatial temperature distribution due to an arbitrary number of identical spheres of equal surface temperature correcting Fourier's heat transfer equation for the interference caused by a multiparticle array. Although the method of solution is quite rigorous and can be used to obtain as accurate a solution as desired, only the second reflection was obtained, yielding a first order correction. The model …

A Study Of The Vibrational Spectra Of Some Monosubstituted Benezene Derivatives Of Group Via Of The Periodic Table, Fawzi S. Rasheed

Theses

The vibrational frequencies for (C₆H₅)₂Se, (C₆H₅)₂Te, (C₆H₅)₂Se₂, (C₆H₅)₂Te₂, (C₆H₅)₂Hg, and (C6H5-Se)₂Hg are completely assigned and are consistent with the vibrational assignments for (C₆H₅)₂O, (C₆H₅)₂S, and (C₆H₅)₂S₂ previously reported. Further, whereas (C₆H₅)₂O and to a lesser extent (C₆H …

Reactions Of Para-Nitroaniline With Acid Chlorides, Stephen Alan Zapoticzny

Theses

Para-nitroaniline was reacted with acid chlorides forming amides. Their structures were elucidated by the performance of various spectral analyses.

Computer Predesign Of Cooke Triplet Anastigmat, Frank Vanek

Theses

There are many methods for designing the Cooke Triplet Anastigmat. In this thesis, one of them is programmed into a computer in BASIC language. Because of the length of the program, it had to be split into two separate programs using a data file to save data produced by the first and needed by the second. The first program uses the equation for system power, and the equations for Petzval curvature, longitudinal and lateral chromatic aberrations, space ratio to solve for the powers and spacings of the elements. Solution is accomplished by the Crout method of simultaneous equation solution and …

Design And Construction Of A Low Frequency Mtf Camera, Howard Bozenhard, Jerry Covey

Theses

A low frequency Modulation Transfer Function Camera has been designed and constructed. Areal sinusoidal targets are imaged through a cylindrical lens and an objective lens to form transmission sinusoidal images. Modulation is changed by varying the background illumination. The range of available frequencies is from .3 to 30 cycles per millimeter, and the modulations available are 25, 33 44, 55 and 64%.

Vesicular Image Formation In Silver Halide Materials, Ken Straub, Victor Woo

Theses

An increase in gamma of fourteen can be obtained with a loss of one-third stop in speed by treating a silver halide film in a ten to thirty percent solution of hydrogen peroxide for five to fifteen seconds and heating it in sixty to ninty degree centigrade steam. Light refracting oxygen bubbles are formed in the emulsion proportional to the amount of silver metal present. Increasing the concentration of hydrogen peroxide was found to decrease speed while increasing gamma. Temperature of the steam was not a significant factor for speed or gamma. Increasing hardness of the gelatin, increasing peroxide immersion …

Optimization Of A Particular Aerial Photographic System By Simultaneous Intensification, Richard D. Young

Theses

Under the conditions of a low-altitude, rapid access photographic system, a method of simultaneously intensifying image exposures is compared to low intensity latensification. The simultaneous intensification resulted in a speed increase of 2.4 times, while latensification produced a speed increase of 1.7 times. Latensification was more effective in most of the other responses that were analyzed: reduction of Contrast Index was less by 0.1; speed at the minimum gradient point defined by the untreated strips was increased by latensification by 1.29 times compared to 1.23 times by simultaneous intensification. The detective quantum efficiency of the latensified film was higher than …

Electrodeposition Of Metal Onto Glass, Janice Whitcraft

Theses

Not Included

Design Of A Yig-Tuned Oscillator, Tien Liang Jin

Theses

A technique for designing YIG (yttrium-iron garnet) tuned transistor oscillators, tunable over the range of frequencies from 500 to 950 MHZ, is presented. The approach taken differs appreciably from that used in the design of conventional LC-tuned oscillators. One major difference is that the YIG tuning mechanism is electrically controlled. The YIG tuning element is treated as a single unit and is not resolved into an equivalent LC circuit. Instead, a direct method using reflection coefficients measured at network terminals to characterize various design stages is applied. The transistor is also characterized by reflection and transmission coefficients, i.e., S-parameters. Thus …

A Computer Based Analysis Of The Effects Of Rhythm Modification On The Intelligibility Of The Speech Of Hearing And Deaf Subjects, Harry Lang

Theses

The speech of profoundly deaf persons often exhibits acquired unnatural rhythms, or a random pattern of rhythms. Inappropriate pause-time and speech-time durations are common in their speech. Specific rhythm deficiencies include abnormal rate of syllable utterance, improper grouping, poor timing and phrasing of syllables and unnatural stress for accent and emphasis. Assuming that temporal features are fundamental to the naturalness of spoken language, these abnormal timing patterns are often detractive. They may even be important factors in the decreased intelligibility of the speech. This thesis explores the significance of temporal cues in the rhythmic patterns of speech. An analysis-synthesis approach …

Evaluation And Testing Of Color Strength Measuring Methods In The Graphic Arts, Barry Sullivan, Donald Wilkalis

Theses

The term color strength is defined as the hue, saturation, and brightness of an ink in the C.I.E. scheme of color specification. With this definition two color strength measuring methods are evaluated on a common basis. A colorimeter is used to read samples produced with varied ink-film thicknesses and varied ratios of white pigment to sample ink. Colorimetric properties are plotted on a U.C.S. diagram with coordinates modified to include the C.I.E. brightness factor W*. The ink-film thickness method is chosen as the preferred method for determining color strength.

Photosolubilization Of Cuprous Bromide, Richard Frisicano, Jeffrey Harris

Theses

A dissolution system called photosolubilization invented in 1964 by R.K. Blake and applied to silver halide was investigated to determine the feasibility of adapting the system from silver to copper. After cuprous bromide was shown to be light sensitive and able to be insolubilized, using a mercaptan ( 2-mercapto-4-phenylthiazole ), many of the parameters affecting this process were determined. The best photosolubilization was achieved using a 1/100 mole ratio of mercaptan to cuprous bromide. Insolubilization improved with increased mercaptan digestion time while pH appeared to have little effect on this mechanism. PH did change final print-out density. Increased sensitivity was …

Current Flexible Rotor-Bearing System Balancing Techniques Using Computer Simulation, John Kendig

Theses

As the cost of machinery has risen and the need for dependability, safety and increased performance have in a similar manner increased, the needs of industry for viable flexible rotor balancing techniques has no less increased. Various flexible rotor methods have been advocated for supercritical shafting, but few studies or comparisons have appeared in the open literature. Among the procedures for balancing large and/or high speed (supercritical) rotors are the "N" modal method of Bishop and Gladwell, the "N + B" modal of Federn, the "N" and " + B" simultaneous modal method of Kellenberger, and the influence coefficient method …