Digital Commons Network^™

Correlation And Prediction Of Diffussion Coefficients In Binary Gas Systems, Raymond Gerald Bailey

Theses

A correlation was developed for estimating binary gas diffusion coefficients by the reference substance method, in this case using the viscosity of air and subsequently its corresponding temperature. The derivation was made by the linear least square analysis of 65 different binary systems comprising 161 separate data points at temperatures ranging from 193°K. to 1200°K. At any given temperature only the critical molal volume and the molecular weights of the two gases of interest are required to calculate the diffusion coefficient. The correlation based on the viscosity of air had an average error of 7.67%. The correlation using temperature had …

The Absorption Of Hydrogen Chloride From Dilute Air Mixtures, Edgar L. Demarest

Theses

A study was made of the absorption of hydrogen chloride from air mixtures containing from 1 to 40 mgm. HCl/liter (1000 to 40000 mgm./m.³), using a.4" diameter tower packed with 2" Intalox saddles, irrigated with water or with sodium hydroxide solutions of 0.3% to 3.8% concen?tration. Gas flow rates of 177 to 752 lbs./(hr.)(ft.²) were investigated at three liquid rates: 2960 ; 4260, and 5700 lbs./(hr/)(ft.²). All data were collected below the flooding point.

Correlations of the height of a transfer unit with the superficial gas velocity were prepared for water and for sodium …

A Digital Computer Simulation Of A Batch Or Semi-Batch Reactor, Robert Edward Viczorek

Theses

A digital computer simulation of a batch or semi-batch reaction was developed. The system consisted of a jacketed, agitated vessel equipped with a temperature controller modulating a control valve in the stream to the jacket. The reaction was liquid phase, and the jacket medium was liquid.

The program was written in a general form so as to be applicable to any liquid phase reaction with minimum modification.

A numerical technique was employed using initial values of the process variables in the first cycle of calculations for a time interval, and then using average values for further iterations. The simulation proceeded …

Heat And Mass Transfer In The Lyophilizatiuon Of Pharmaceuticals In Vials By Conduction Heating, William Warren Walsh

Theses

This thesis investigates the lyophilization of pharmaceuticals in vials by conductive heat transfer. The process phase diagram and methods of determining the solution eutectic temperature are reviewed. The theoretical considerations of heat and mass transfer pertaining to this process are discussed.

Lyophilization tests of distilled water and of mannitol solutions are used to indicate the relationship between vacuum chamber total pressure and the product/vial interface temperature. Experiments with 10% lactose solutions are used to determine the effect of shelf fluid temperature, product height and chamber vacuum on product/vial interface temperature. Test on a pharmaceutical product are used to confirm the …

The Transferability Of Force Constants Among Olefins, John Martin Comerford

Theses

A normal coordinate analysis of the in-plane vibrations of ethylene was performed using a modified valence force field, a modified Urey-Bradley force field and a hybrid orbital force field. The B_2u species of isobutene was also analyzed. An attempt was made to transfer force constants from ethylene and thereby solve the A₁ species of isobutene, but a solution could not be obtained. This suggests that simple transference of force constants is not feasable in this case.

The potential energy distributions obtained for ethylene are discussed. The normal coordinates calculated in this work are appended.

A Modified Redlich-Kwong Equation For Nonpolar And Slightly Polar Gases, David G. Skamenca

Theses

The PVT prediction capability of the Redlich-Kwong equation is substantially improved through the use of a generalized correlation based on the acentric factor. No experimental data is required to obtain the improved constants. Only the acentric factor and the critical properties of the pure gas are needed. The correlation of improved constants is limited to non-polar and slightly polar pure gases and mixtures in the supercritical temperature range.

The correlation applies to a reduced temperature range 1.00 le; T_R le; 1.60 and a reduced pressure range of 0.030 le; P_R le; 3.00. The correlation reduces deviations by as …

Generation Of Sinusoidal Test Images By Incoherent Spatial Filtering, Joel Gray

Theses

Most methods used for determining the modulation transfer function of a photographic film require that a sinusoidal intensity distribution object be imaged on the film and the resultant effective exposure modulation compared to the object modulation. This paper describes the investigation of the feasibility of generating a sinusoidal intensity distribution from a crenelate pattern by incoherent spatial filtering using non-monochromatic radiation. Using a Kodak Ektar Enlarging Lens (focal length of 100 mm.) at f/8 it has been found that images may be spatially filtered up to 30 cycles/mm while maintaining a modulation of 62# in white light (tungsten illumination). At …

The Oxidation Of Sulfur Dioxide In A Regenerative Reactor, Raymond Henry Edgecomb

Theses

A novel dual-unit sulfuric acid converter is depicted that performs in cyclic operation in unsteady state. A mathematical model and IBM 1130 Computer program were developed to show the temperature and conversion profiles in commercial-sized vanadium oxide catalyst beds. In the catalytic oxidation of sulfur dioxide conversions of 95-97% were attained without benefit of conventional heat exchangers. A single exchanger operating in conjunction with the dual-unit system might attain conversions as high as 99%.

A Computer Program For The Optimization Of Binary Distillation In A Dual-Column System, Richard Vincent O'Lenick

Theses

A computer program is presented for the optimization of a two-column distillation system involving a two-component mixture. The economic reflux ratios in each column are determined using the McCabe-Thiele Method. Activity coefficients are computed by either the Wilson equation, the Margules equation, or both. The program is general and may be used for any binary system where the assumption of constant molal overflow is valid.

Options in the program permit use of either column in separate calculation schemes.

While the optimization effort was prepared in general terms, the initial work was directed toward the acetone-water system. Full data for this …

The Application Of A Non-Newtonian Rheological Equation To Low-Density Polyethylene, Jeffrey N. Goldstein

Theses

A generalized non-Newtonian equation describing the rheology of molten thermoplastics is verified for low-density polyethylenes. The equation is extended to account for both rheological temperature dependency and polyethylene molecular weight dependency. The prediction of the rheology of new polyethylenes without additional experimentation is thus possible.

The Computer Evaluation Of The Natural Frequencies Of Vibrating Circular Plates With Free, Fixed And Simply Supported Edges, Thomas Michael Juliano

Theses

The natural frequencies of the transverse vibration of a thin, isotropic, circular plate with free, clamped, and simply supported edge conditions were studied extensively. The frequency equation for each edge condition was derived from the classical partial differential equation of plate vibration. These equations, which are in terms of Bessel functions, were then solved numerically to find the natural frequencies. Since the accuracy of the Bessel function values is very important in evaluating these frequencies, a comprehensive digital computer program was devised to calculate these values to eleven digit accuracy. In this Bessel function program four different methods were required …

The Modulation Of Sine-Wave Gratings At Fourier And Fresnel Imaging Points, Donald Kingsley

Theses

When illuminated by a coherent light beam, a periodic object will be imaged in near-field space at predictable intervals. This phenomenon is termed self imaging. Recordings of the intensity distribution of sine-wave gratings were made at several positions behind the gratings. The modulation of the images was calculated and used as a predictor of distance from the grating. Positional accuracies of one part in one-hundred fifty-eight were obtained.

A Quantitative Evaluation Technique For Diazo Coated Lithographic Printing Plate Images, After Exposure, Walter Bruehs

Theses

None provided.

Deflections Of A Ring Due To Normal Loads Using Energy Method And Stiffness Matrix Method, A.J. Rabinowitz

Theses

Deflections and reactions of a ring of 1.855" mean diameter, fixed at one point, simply supported at another point and loaded normally at an arbitrary point were determined using the energy method and the stiffness matrix method. These results were verified experimentally and it was found that the values of displacements and reactions obtained by the two theoretical methods were within 4.5% and 0.5% respectively of experimental results. When effect of transverse shear was included in the computations done using the energy method it increased the values of deflections by less than 1.5% thus confirming that the effect of transverse …

Interference Coatings, Bruno Glavich

Theses

Not provided.

Diffusion Of The Thiosulfate Ion Out Of Photographic Film During Washing, Kenneth Haring

Theses

The thiosulfate ion does not freely diffuse out of a hardened photographic gelatin emulsion. Salts in the washing water displaces the adsorbed thiosulfate ions and allows them to freely diffuse out of the emulsion. The effect of temperature upon the diffusion of the thiosulfate ion is on the order of other diffusion processes. The type and amount of hardening also affects the diffusion of thiosulfate. The diffusion of thiosulfate out of the emulsion is fastest when a non-hardening fixer is used. The use of an alum hardening fixer results in slower diffusion than with formaldehyde prehardening.

The Stability Of A Nonlinear, Time-Varying Control System, Joseph Connolly

Theses

This thesis investigates the stability of a class of nonlinear, time-varying control systems using the Second Method of Liapunov. A recent investigation of this subject was done by Dr. Z. V. Rekasius when he presented the sufficient conditions for stability for a feedback system containing a single nonlinear, time-varying element whose input-output characteristic is contained in a finite sector. This stability criterion developed by Dr. Rekasius is used to extend the region of stability for a class of nonlinear, time-varying systems represented by the equations ẋ = A x + b f(σ,t) σ = cTx where x is an n-vector …

An Examination Of The Conclusion Proposed By W.A. Thornton On The "Luminosity And Color Rendering Capability Of White Light", Mary A. Maier

Theses

A study was recently conducted by W.A. Thornton of Westinghouse Flourescent and Vapor Divisions, on the luminosity and color rendering capability of white light. It is the purpose of this project to investigate the validity of his conclusions. Thornton states that: "The spectral power distribution of white light required to maximize luminous efficiency and the color rendering index is approximated by additive combination of three spectral lines near 450, 540 and 610nm The two wavelength regions near 500 and 580nm are disadvantageous."²

Stoneware And Porcelain Fireplaces, Rick E. Flannery

Theses

None provided.

Development Of A Series Of Geometric Shaped Canvas Paintings, William Johnston

Theses

None provided.

Enthalpy Deviations For The System Methane - Carbon Dioxide, Fred S. Winter

Theses

Enthalpy deviations for the gaseous system, Methane and Carbon Dioxide were developed using the Redlich-Kwong equation of state. Values of enthalpy deviation were obtained at 0.0, 0.0852, 0.19912, 0.3583, 0.6685 and 1.0 weight fraction Methane, at temperatures of 100° F, 280° F and 460° F, at pressures between 200 and 10,000 PSIA.

A computer program in Fortran IV language was developed for solving the Redlich-Kwong equation in terms of the compressibility factor.

The Redlich-Kwong expression for enthalpy deviation, in combination with graphical methods was used to produce the results.

Rheology Of Asbestos Filled Polystyrene, Richard Henry Young

Theses

A capillary rheometer was used to generate data showing the volumetric flow rate at various pressures for a polystyrene resin and for an asbestos filled polystyrene. Variables evaluated were per cent asbestos and temperature. These data were then used to calculate the maximum shear stress at the capillary wall and the corresponding maximum velocity gradient (shear rate) at the capillary wall. A rheological equation containing three constants was employed to relate the shear stress to the shear rate. In addition, a simple relationship was found between the values of two of the constants and the per cent asbestos. There is …

Hypothetical Liquid Fugacity Coefficients, Douglas F. Patterson

Theses

The object of this thesis was to derive values of the hypothetical liquid fugacity coefficient of carbon dioxide for various temperatures and pressures. Most of the temperatures studied were above the critical temperature of carbon dioxide and thus carbon dioxide could not truly exist as a pure liquid. Hence the prefix "hypothetical" was used to acknowledge this apparent discrepancy. Carbon dioxide was purposely chosen for this reason. Also,the necessary data for carbon dioxide were generally more available than for any other normally gaseous solute.

The hypothetical liquid fugacity coefficients were derived from the published binary vapor-liquid equilibrium data of carbon …

The Effect Of Flow Rate And L/D Ratio On The Frequency Response Of Water Fluidized Beds, Arnold Ludke

Theses

In this investigation, the dynamics of a water fluidized bed with varying L/D ratio and flow rate were analyzed both theoretically and experimentally, and the results of the two were compared.

The theoretical analysis was based on the standard method of Laplace transforms and transfer function synthesis.

The experimental investigation was conducted using standard frequency response techniques.

The mathematical model used consisted of a series of non-interacting perfectly mixed cells plus a distance velocity lag.

At low flow rates (3 to 6 times minimum fluidization velocity) the experimental data (in the form of Bode plots) were found to be in …

A Rheological Equation Of State For Blood At Low Shear Rates, Anatoly Dritschilo

Theses

In this work a new rheological equation of state is presented and its application to blood is studied. The equation considered is a linear combination of Newtonian and non-Newtonian contributions to the apparent viscosity. The general form of the equation is

 T_ij =-(A + Be^{-1/C|(.5)Δi/j:Δj/i|1/2})Δij

Data from the literature were used to test the equation by generating curves of measured torque (T/L) versus applied shear rate (Ω) that would characterize the behavior of blood at all red cell concentrations and all shear rates in the Gilinson, Dauwalter and Merrill viscometer. The constants for the equation were …

Computer Specification Of Centrifugal Pump And Motor, Paul David O'Lenick

Theses

The purpose of this thesis is to develop a PORTRAIT computer program for selecting a centrifugal pump and motor driver. This is accomplished by means of generalized data which establishes the speed of the Dump and its power requirement. After selection of the pump, the motor is sized and specified. In addition to determining the pump and motor, the program also sizes the discharge and suction lines and the required control valve. The resulting solution yields the pump design data, motor, line and control valve sizes. From this data utility and relative equipment costs can be estimated.

Application Of S-Parameter Techniques To Amplifier Design, Frank Sulak

Theses

1. Discussion of s parameters and their applicability to high frequency design. 2. Measurement of s parameters and evaluation of stable operating regions. 3. Synthesis of high frequency transistor circuitry with the aid of scattering parameter design equations. 4. Verification of design theory by evaluating the performance of bread-board models.

Noise Power Ratio Testing Of Multichannel Single Sideband Communication Equipment, Per Vinther

Theses

It is shown, that Noise Power Ratio (NPR) testing of multichannel Single Sideband (SSB) transmitters should be performed loading all channels with identical white, gaussian, zero-mean noise signals in order to obtain the worst case result. A theoretical analysis of bichannel equipment under the two different input conditions: (a) statistically independent noise signals, and (b) statistically dependent noise signals; shows that the intermodulation distortion on the output of the transmitter is the same for either case. This result is extended for an arbitrary number of channels to the point of showing that the test results obtained for statistically dependent noise …

Ink Film Thickness And Its Relation To Dot Size In Photo Offset Lithography, Richard J. Byer

Theses

The relative ink film thickness of screen tints compared to nearby solid printing areas of two grainless lithographic plates were measured for dot areas from 45% to 95%, using a photometric technique of measuring the relative quantity of ink on a known area of the plate. Four different screen rulings were used - 65 I/in., 150 1/in., 300 1/in. and 500 1/in. It was found that there is no correlation between dot area and ink film thickness for the dot areas from 60% to 95% for the three coarser screens and from 75% to 95% for the 500 1/in. screen. …

The Modulation Transfer Function Of The Human Visual System At Selected Spectral Frequencies, George L. Ayers

Theses

The Modulation Transfer Function of the human visual system has been determined with a sin usoidal test target, by measuring the threshold contrast as a function of spatial frequency, for monochromatic light of constant average luminace. Data were obtained for a broad band range and wavelengths of 538 and 617 nm. It is shown that a maximum MTF occurs at frequencies between 2 0 - 3 0 cycles/mm on the retina and that this sensitivity decreases for both lower and higher frequencies. Small but discrete differences appear in the curves for broad-band radiation and the green and red filtration at …