Digital Commons Network^™

Investigation Of Surface Formation In Abrasive Waterjet Cutting, Shy-Shyan Chen

Theses

This study is concerned with experimental and numerical investigation of the dynamics of surface generation during the impingement of the abrasive waterjet on a workpiece.

A series of erosion zones were generated by the abrasive waterjet on the polished surface of stainless steel samples. The impingement was carried out at different traverse speeds and abrasive flow rates. An optical, a scanning electron microscope and a laser displacement sensor were used to investigate the developed surface.

The microscopical examination of the surface enabled determination of the shape of asperities created by individual particles, distribution of asperities on the surface and the …

Determination Of Trace Amounts Of Lead, Cadium And Zinc In Vegetables Using Differential Pulse Polarography, Elizabeth Franca-Romitti

Theses

Toxic metals are present in foods to greater or lesser extention as contaminants, as a result of increasing industrialization, and associated pollution of the biosphere. Lead and cadmium are well known toxic metals which accumulate into the body causing harmful effects at low concentration levels especially in children. Zinc, on the other hand, is an essential micronutrient, but larger levels in foods can be considered toxic.

Twenty eight brands of vegetables including canned, glass packed, frozen and fresh vegetables were analyzed for Pb, Cd, and Zn, in tomatoes, carrots, mushrooms and asparagus. The technique used was Differential Pulse Polarography (DPP) …

Adaptive Subband Video Coding With Motion Compensation, Manjunatha S. Kadur

Theses

An efficient scheme for video sequence coding is presented here. The interframe redundancy present in the video sequence is exploited by motion compensation using the efficient independent orthogonal search technique, which requires least number of computations in the worst case. The motion compensated frame difference signal is encoded with a new technique — subband adaptive vector quantization.

Subband coding like transform coding results in signals of unequal energy patterns, which is efficiently utilized for bit allocation. In addition, the subband approach offers means for efficient (but suboptimal) Vector Quantization (VQ) by splitting the signal into several signals. By rate distortion …

Simulation And Off-Line Programming Of Robotic Workcells, Krishnaprasad V. Kamisetty

Theses

A typical, complex robotic workcell, namely NJIT's Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) cell has been designed, modelled and simulated to bridge the gap between design and its implementation. McDonnell Douglas' (McAuto) PLACE, BUILD, COMMAND and ADJUST have been used to simulate entire cycle of the NJIT's FMS cell. Various aspects such as "Cycle Time Analysis", robot reachability of various positions in the cell and "Collision Detection" have also been studied and analyzed.

The ease of effecting any modifications to the existing workcell design has been demonstrated. The NJIT's FMS cell consists of the GE P-50 robot, the IBM 7535 robot, the …

Output Feedback Applied To Observer Based Controller, Nainn-Ping Ke

Theses

This thesis presented the results of an investigation on the stability robustness issues of the Infinite-horizon linear-quadratic-Gaussian (IH-LQG) control system design methodology. The goal of this research deals with the design of Observer based controller using Output Feedback (00F), and this is a new method to solve estimation problems. The primary difference of this method from others is that the estimator is considered as a system. The results of this research shows that the optimal output feedback control law and the optimal state estimator can be designed by the optimal output feedback control method, and shows that the OOF Weighting …

Investigation Of The Distribution Of Particles In An Abrasive Water Jet, Sun Kim

Theses

This study is concerned with the distribution of abrasive particles within an abrasive waterJet. The Jet is generated by the Ingersoll Rand nozzle set at the different diameters of the sapphire nozzles and carbide mixers. Water pressure is maintained at 4.7- 4.9 ksi.

The distribution of particles is examined by the separation of the central and adjacent part of the flow and the measurement of the fractions of the mixture and abrasive in the separated region. The separation is carried out by diamond washers coaxial with a carbide mixer. The second series of experiments involve the estimation of the Jet …

Visual System Modeling And System Response Analysis, Zhongquan Li

Theses

Based on the anatomical structure, a structural model of the visual system was established. System responses of different stimulations were analyzed based on the model. More extensive study was made on the system impulse response. A mathematical model with parameters representing prominent process components was developed to represent the system response in a compact form and the parameters were statistically studied to correlate to the real physiological characteristics of the visual system. The parameters of the model were used to fit the system intensity response function. The result shows that it is a more quantitative way to construct the system …

Red Blood Cell Deformability Testing By Using A Rheological Method, Zhenglei Ma

Theses

A rheological model of blood has been used for testing red cell deformability. The result of the testing is characterized by five parameters of the model. We suggested that the rheological behavior of blood is affected by red cell deformability. The result of the parameter C of the model, which is the kinetic rate constant of the structural breakdown of rouleaux into individual erythrocytes induced by shearing, from decreased red cell deformability group higher than that from normal control group lead to a criterion for separating normal subjects from decreased red cell deformability. The easy experiment method of using whole …

Study Of System Dynamics In A Primitive Identification/Counter Model, Zofia Monczka

Theses

Previous study of a simplified identification/counter model (1), (2) indicated bifurcations in its behavior. In order to study this topic, graphical representations of the system dynamics are derived. Analysis of the structure of the identification/counter model reveals the reasons why the graphs assume their given shapes.

The graphical representations of the system are used to characterize the system behavior and thus explain the bifurcations previously encountered. These representations are then used as the basis for deriving a general model for system behavior. Analysis of this model for a specific range of parameter values indicates that the system contains numerous additional …

Sediment Transport/Sand Bypassing Analysis At Manasquan, Nj, Christopher Clemens Obropta

Theses

An experiment to determine the longshore sediment transport rate using a fluorescent dyed sand tracer was conducted during the summer of 1987 to help determine the feasibility of sand bypassing at the Manasquan Inlet in New Jersey. After the fluorescent sand tracer was introduced to the longshore transport system, the Spatial Integration Method was used to sample the surf zone. The Spatial Integration Method allowed the tracer cloud to be monitored in both time and space. The tracer experiment provided a constant to be used in the calculation of the longshore sediment transport rate. This constant is specific to the …

A Study Of Techniques Of Performance Evaluation, Moses Oyewolfe Ogungbenro

Theses

Performance evaluation is a process that every one goes through in life. One may be the rater or the ratee. One of the basic questions an organization usually asks in establishing or revising a performance evaluation system is: What should the system accomplish, or what should be the technique to be used? The answer to this question varies from organization to organization. Today, we live in a world of organizations, each of us still makes many personal appraisals and subsequently, choices. For instance, we choose doctors, hairdressers, business advisors and others, largely on the basis of our judgements of their …

Survival Rate Study Of Intrashock Versus Postshock Microwave Rewarming In Rats Subjected To Hemorrhagic Shock, Hani M. Patel

Theses

In search for a more effective treatment for rewarming of profound accidental hypothermia, a comparative survival rate study was conducted of intrashock versus postshock microwave rewarming in rats subjected to hemorrhagic shock. In an anechoic chamber, rats were illuminated with 50 Watts of continuous microwave power supplied by a 915 MHz microwave generator. This frequency corresponds to a free-space wavelength of about 33 cm. The incident-power density was calculated to be about 8.5 mW/cm2, and the whole-body specific absorption rate (SAR) was calculated to be 14.5 W/kg.

The microwave postshock group showed a significantly higher post shock survival rate than …

The Secondary Role Of Parallelism In Geometry And The Real Difference Between Euclidean And Hyperbolic Geometry, Panagiotis Pittas

Theses

After a brief survey of the foundations of absolute geometry, we state certain definitions (that of an angle and an ordering between them) and properties (Theorem 1, lemma 1) of the absolute plane. Then. by adding the Playfair axiom (Statement E₁) to the axioms of absolute geometry, we obtain the Euclidean plane. We introduce statement E₂ and then we prove that it is equivalent to E₁. We then reason that E₂ is superior to E₁ in terms of geometric content, that it expresses a characteristic property of the Euclidean plane, and we show …

Network Realizability Approach To Robust Stability Of Discrete-Time Systems Characterized By Polynomials, Sri Indran Rasiah

Theses

In system design, the coefficients of a characterizing polynomial are usually not precisely known but can be bounded from above and below by real numbers. The requirement of robust system design from the stability standpoint demands, then, the guaranteeing of the stability of a set of polynomials.

Stability theorems for continuous-time systems and discrete-time systems, are studied in this report. It is shown that one more condition has to be included into each of the theorem. The revised theorem for continuous-time systems is proved through network realizability theory. The one for discrete-time systems is, then, proved via the use of …

Program Analysis Tool For Extensive Reverse Software Engineering : A Tool To Understand The Software (Patern), Bubulal R. Rawal

Theses

This thesis describes a computer aided software engineering tool called Program Analysis Tool for Extensive Reverse software eNgineering (PATERN). Conceptually, PATERN provides systems analysts/programmers with a powerful tool independent of programming language, operating system, and programmer style of coding for documenting existing software. PATERN has been tested with C code in the UNIX environment. This thesis also describes the interface between PATERN and two subsystems that interact with PATERN: relational databases and data flow diagram generators. The implementation of these interfaces was investigated using Informix and another software tool, Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAG) for generating hierarchical structure charts and flow …

Towards A Bound For The Compression Of The Lzw Algorithm, Anoop Kumar Srivastava, Shinu Gupta

Theses

The LZW algorithm is a well known efficient adaptive compression algorithm. It is based on constructing a dictionary containing character strings from the text. A number of researchers have attempted to add variations to the original algorithm to achieve higher compression values. In this thesis we attempt to find a bound for the LZW approach. That is, we build a dictionary which gives maximum compression and satisfies prefix property of LZW algorithm.

In order to build such an optimum dictionary, the dynamic programming technique is applied. The final dictionary selected consists of entries which give maximum overall compression and also …

Design Of Governor-Turbine Models In Stability Studies, Vidyanand Swaminathan

Theses

This thesis investigates the effect of hydro governor-turbine models on the steady state stability of an automatically controlled electric power system. Basically two kinds of hydro governor-turbine models, namely, Impulse and Francis type are studied in depth. Design of a compensating network has also been proposed, which can help improve the stability conditions of a power system which employs a poor governor-turbine model.

The power system investigated includes a large sized hydro generating unit connected to an infinite bus via a power network. This generator employs a modern three-channel fast-acting automatic voltage regulator (AVR). For any operating condition, stability results …

Analysis On Dielectric Resonators, Xuan Tu

Theses

This dissertation deals with the studies and analysis of Dielectric Resonators (DR). A shielded dielectric iesonator structure, consisting of the substrate, the spacer, the dielectric resonator and the metallic shielding is modelled theoretically. The theoretical expressions for the resonance fields are derived by using radial-mode matching and axial mode-matching techniques. In these techniques, the structure is divided into partial regions and the fields in each pai tial region are represented in terms of a series of the appropriate modes with unknown coefficients. Matching the adjacent regions yields a system of linear or nonlinear equations — which then are solved. The …

Nonlinear Variants Of The Least Mean Square (Lms) Algorithm, John George Van Saders

Theses

Adaptive systems using the LMS algorithm or its variants usually require bilinear correlation multipliers with high dynamic range and large bandwidth. The class of LMS-type algorithms utilizing zero-memory limiters (on one or both correlation multiplier inputs) to reduce dynamic range are examined. The correlator limiters may be included to simplify the hardware implementation or may arise due to limited dynamic range of the loop components. The application of a theorem due to Price provides a technique for simplifying the analysis, which otherwise might be extremely difficult. The analysis provides closed-form expressions for the mean weight convergence behavior, permitting examination of …

Substituent Effects On Strained Rings. Part A ; The Kinetics Of Hydrolysis Of A Quinuclidone Using Ftir. Part B, Yeu-Yi Chiu

Theses

PART A: The energies of a series of monosubstitued propane, cyclopropane and cyclopropene compounds were calculated using ab initio molecular orbital calculations optimized at the 3-21G level using Gaussian 82 and Gaussian 86 programs. The effects of substituents on stabilization energies and geometries are rationalized with respect to the parent molecules. The result is presented which indicated that for substituted cyclopropyl and cyclopropenyl compounds, most of the substituents induce stabilization except the —NC substituent group is destabilizing in cyclopropyl and cyclopropenyl systems. Indications of relative electrostatic and resonance effects are also analyzed. A linear free energy relationship has been exam-ined …

Microbial Competition In The Biodegradation Of Phenol, Mary Ellen Frank

Theses

Three phenol degraders were isolated from the mixed liquor of the Livingston, NJ municipal treatment plant. Shaker flask experiments using one of the degraders (a Pseudomonas sp.) resulted in the determination of its kinetic rate constants. The second phenol degrader (a Xanthamonas) lost its phenol degrading ability while being stored, and its kinetic rate constants could not be determined. The third phenol degrader (a Pseudomonas cepacia) formed flocs which interfered with the spectrophotometric determination of biomass and therefore its kinetic rate constants also could not be determined.

Mixed culture experiments were carried out using a the Pseudomonas sp. and a …

Synthesis Of Highly-Strained Gem-Difluoro Compounds By Reaction Of Difluoromethylene With Cycloalkenes, Deyi Yang

Theses

Trans-Cyclooctene is thought to be more reactive than cis-cyclooctene due to its trans-structure. When cis or trans-clooctene reacts with difluormethylene (:CF₂), trans-9,9-difluorobicyclo[ 6,1,0] nonane was generated in much higher yield than cis-9,9-difluorobicyclo[6,1,0]nonane. [PhCF₃P⁺CF₂Br]Br^- was chosen to be the difluoromethylene precursor in this study. The reason was that the reaction condition for trans-cyclooctene and :CF₂ should be at low temperature. Only [PhCF₃P⁺CF₂Br]Br^- could generate CF₂ at lower temperature (e.g. room temperature). We succeeded in the synthesis of trans-9,9-difluorobicyclo[6,1,0]nonane and its cis isomer and …

Thermal Decomposition Of 1,1,2- Trichloroethane In Hydrogen In Tubular Flow Reactors At Atmospheric Pressure, Chen-Chung Yeh

Theses

The decomposition of 1,1,2-trichloroethane in a hydrogen gas bath was carried out at 1 atmosphere total pressure in three different surface to volume ratio flow reactors. Temperature ranged from 440 to 850 °C and the residence times studied were in the range 0.2 - 2.3 seconds. Application of the first order rate expression to this data yields a linear relationship for each temperature studied and thus global rate constants for loss of reactant were determined.

It was found that conversion of the reagent was a function of both temperature and residence time. The major products observed are 1, 2-dichloroethylene (CHClCHCl), …

Application Of Microwave Energy To Remediation Of Soils Contaminated With Chromium, Chih-Ju Jou

Theses

A process based upon microwave treatment has been developed to render soil non-hazardous after that soil had been classified as hazardous due to heavy metal contamination. It has been applied to chromium-contaminated soil. The object of the present regulations is to prevent damage to water supplies as a result of the leaching of heavy metal ions from the soils. This object is expressed in the standard test for leaching, namely, the EPA EP Leachate test. This process can be used to immobilize metal ions sufficiently to meet the aforementioned standard. The present standard is based upon acid leaching, and not …

Study Of An Analytical Method For Benzo(A)Pyrene Metabolites In Human Urine, Zheng Ouyang

Theses

A method developed by Becher and Bjorseth for analysis of PAH metabolites in urine was employed to investigate human exposure to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) - an ubiquitous environmental carcinogen. Preliminary results are presented showing the relationship between exposure to BaP and urinary elimination. Although the correlation between the two variables is not statistically significant, there appears to be a positive association with selected exposure varibles such as smoking. The identification of an association may establish urinary BaP as a marker of exposure.

However, detailed study of the analytical procedure indicated that recoveries with this method were as low as 3-8% for …

Thermal Decomposition Of 1,1,1-Thrichloroethane-Methane-Oxygen Mixture In Tubular Flow Reactor, Yo-Ping Wu

Theses

The thermal decomposition of 1,1,1-trichloroethane in methane/oxygen mixtures and argon bath gas was carried out at 1 atmosphere total pressure in a tubular flow reactors. The thermal degradation of 1,1,1-trichloroethane and methane were analyzed systematically over temperature ranges from 500 to 800°C, with average residence times in the range of 0.05 to 2.5 seconds. Five reactants ratio sets in three different size flow reactors were studied.

It was found that the complete decay (99%) of the 1,1,1-trichloroethane at 1 second residence time occurs at about 600°C for all the reactants ratio sets. The major product for 1,1,1-trichloroethane decomposition are 1,1-dichloroethylene …

Organics In Ambient Air By Collection On Tenax, Thermal Desorption,And Capillary Chromatography With Parallel Fid/Ecd Analysis, Chih-Hsiang Liao

Theses

Volatile organics in ambient air were regularly collected on Tenax cartridges at high (10 ml/min) and low (5 ml/min) intake flows. These Tenax samples were analyzed by using a Tekmar Automatic Thermal Desorber and capillary GC system with parallel flame ionization (FID) and electron capture detectors (ECD). A series of quality assurance procedures has been established to improve and assure the accuracy and precision of sample collector and analysis. These procedures relate to performance of the Tekmar thermal desorber, recovery efficiency from the Tenax, and include studies on breakthrough and co-elution. The results demonstrate (1) that from ambient air data …

Determination Of Benzo(A)Pyrene Metabolites In The Bile Of Winter Flounder From The New York Bight, Xingmin Liu

Theses

A method for detecting the concentration of BaP Metabolites in fish tissues has been developed. The analytical procedure includes extraction of PAH and BaP Metabolites from fish bile, liver extract and muscle extract; reduction of metabolites to BaP using hydriodic acid; and subsequent analysis of the BaP by thin layer chromatography with fluorescence detection. The method is applied to tissues from fish collected from polluted as well as clean reference waters and experimental tanks with dilutions of treated industrial wastewater. Experimental results on one kind of bottom-dwelling fish, winter flounder, which comes from the Hudson-Raritan Estuary, NY, where the water …

Ph Parametric Pumping : An Examination Of Different Feed Locations For A Two And Three Column Process With The Same Flow Patterns And Ph Distribution, Roberta Rosty

Theses

PH parametric pumping is used to separate protein mixtures of hemoglobin and Albumin.

In this thesis, modifications to a two-column process, where the fluid stage flow pattern and the pH distributions were constant, were explored. These modifications consisted of: changes in the feed stream inlet and outlet locations, changes in the amount of feed itself, and an addition of another column and reservoir to the original two-column process. The results were obtained through computer simulation.

Results indicate that the batch or no-feed two and three column processes yield better separations of the two proteins than the same processes with feed …

Scanning Electron Microscopy And X-Ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopic Analysis Of Selected Sorbent Materials, Elhamy Amin Sedhom

Theses

A previous study⁽¹⁾ showed that a combination of acidic and basic sorbents in a layered system is required to reduce to safe levels the contaminants present in the leachates emanating from industrial landfills. The sorbents used were fly ash, vermiculite, kaolinite, illite, zeolite, apautagite, bentonite, activated carbon and bauxite.

The purpose of this investigation is to study the physical properties, elemental composition and the distribution of the aforementioned solid sorbents. Properties of interest are particle size, shape and distribution and also the chemical composition and the distribution of the elements within the sample particles.

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and …