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Distillation Design Techniques, Ronald Michael Carlucci

Theses

A design method for binary distillation systems is presented that minimizes the required rigorous calculations. A computer program is developed that finds the number of theoretical stages, and feed stage for a specified separation and reboiler vapor rate. Results for three binary systems are presented.

The design method and computer program are extended to the multicomponent case at the condition of total reflux. Results for one ternary system are presented. The possibility of using the method at other than total reflux is discussed. Usage of the method to search for multicomponent azeotropes and results are also presented.

Analytic equations are …

The Quantitative Characterization Of Middle Distillate Fuels For Reduced Smoke Emission And Improved Low Temperature Operability, R. S. Feamster

Theses

Forty-eight inference equations are presented to approximate the hydrocarbon composition of middle distillate fuels and of the solids separating from these fuels at temperatures below their cloud points by consideration of fuel physical inspections. The physical inspections consist of API gravity, aniline point, cloud point, and distillation curves for ten fuels from major United States and European refineries. To determine the percentage of solids separating from cooled fuels, each fuel is filtered over a temperature range from the cloud point to -40 F in 10 F increments. Aromatic, naphthenic, and paraffinic hydrocarbon contents and the r-paraffin carbon number distributions of …

A Computer Solution For Absorbers And Strippers Using The Newton-Raphson Iterative Method, Robert J. Lukach

Theses

The solution of absorber or stripper calculations by traditional methods can be a tedious, time consuming, if not a completely fruitless procedure. Hence a computer solution of these calculations is both desirable and, as the complexity of chemical process plants increases, necessary.

The component oriented Newton-Raphson procedure was programed to perform this calculation, and makes full use of the material and enthalpy balance equations to perform the iterative equilibrium stage calculations. A Newton-Raphson stage oriented method was also developed as a verification program to check the solutions obtained from the Newton-Raphson component oriented procedure.

Computer Simulation Of A Split Feed Claus Sulfur Recovery Plant, Thomas R. Woolley

Theses

A computer program which calculates a complete heat and material balance around a "split feed" Claus sulfur recovery plant was written in Fortran IV for the RCA Spectra 70 computer. The program provides for up to three catalytic reactors, the hot gas bypass method of reheating, and a feed gas containing hydrogen sulfide, water vapor, hydrogen, and nitrogen. The program user specifies as input data the feed stream composition and temperature, the number of reactors, the combustion air temperature, the conversion in each reactor, the outlet temperature in each condenser, and the fraction of burner exit gas used for reheating …

M.F.A. Painting Thesis, John Michael Harris, Rebecca Fogg

Theses

None provided.

Effect Of Errors In Spectrophotometry Due To Fluorescence On The Ability To Calculate Colors By The Neugebauer Equations, Junichi Iwao

Theses

Spectrophotometers were originally designed without taking into account the fluorescent effect of papers and inks on spectrophotometric measurements. Monochromatic illumination is used in most of the available spectrophotometers, but the spectrophotometric curve measured by using monochromatic light does not approximate the same effect that is seen by the eye if fluorescence is present. White light illumination must be used to obtain a valid spectrophotometric curve of fluorescent materials. The Neugebauer equations are often used to calculate the tristimulus values of halftone prints. As long as the Neugebauer primaries do not fluoresce, measurements of primaries made by monochromatic illumination are valid. …

The Use Of Thin Layer Chromatography (Tlc) In Qualitative And Quantitative Determinations Of Photographic Developing Agents (In Developer Solution) Using A Scanning Densitometer, Michael Gilbert

Theses

TLC was used, for qualitative and quantitative analysis of photographic developing agents hydroquinone, metol, phenidone, para phenylenediamine, para aminophenol, ascorbic acid and the oxidized species. Experimental conditions and procedures for reporting Rf values of the aqueous solutions of the developing agent were standardized. Quantitative TLC was done for hydroquinone. The density maxima obtained from the scanning densitometric trace of the eluted and visualized chromatogram was correlated to the concentration of the hydroquinone. Aqueous solutions of hydroquinone were prepared at four levels of concentration, three levels of pH and two levels of sodium sulfite concentration for quantitative analysis using TLC.

A Photographic Study Of Movement Of Material On A Web Offset Press Blanket, Leigh Stewart

Theses

This paper studies the movement of material which accumulates on the image printing blanket of a web offset press printing newsprint. A theory is advanced to explain this movement. It is based on the differences in velocities of the paper and blanket surfaces entering and exiting the printing nip. The designed experiment run uses three factors to test the changes in direction and rate of movement. These are: (1) the compressibility of blanket sets, (2) the relative image printing and impression blanket diameters, and (3) the printing squeeze. No other factors involved in the nip area are tested. The movement …

The Construction Of A Readability Target And Its Correlation With Resolving Power, Gary E. Lowe

Theses

A readability target was constructed. It consisted of sets of randomized letters which were incremented in size by the twelfth root of two. This new target and the German DIN standard legibility target were photographed simultaneously using a microcopy camera set at various degrees of magnification. Evaluation of the resultant images was done by ten observers who each viewed sixteen sets of target pairs. From this data a correlation of .90 was found between the two targets. Nine out of the ten observers found the new target easier to evaluate. A study of the new target's variability was done and …

Investigations Of Color Balance Perception Of Photographic Images As Related To Their Surrounds, Robert Cosgrove, William Rabey

Theses

The perceived color balance of a photographic image as a function of its surrounds was investigated. Four images and three surrounds were used in all of their possible combinations. An image was projected onto a screen by means of a slide projector. A colored surround was projected by a second projector so that it encompassed the image. Five observers were asked to "correct" each image viewed within each surround to what he considered the most pleasing color balance. They did this by means of a three wheel subtractive filter system. (Cyan, magenta, and yellow)

The results showed that perceived color …

Resolving Power Determination By Direct Observation Of Unprocessed Film By Reflected Light, James Belisle, Emery Prather

Theses

Measurement of resolving power of an emulsion is usually determined by an extensive exposure and development series. Resolving power is reported at the optimum value and exposure and density are reported also. Such a procedure is wasteful and time consuming. This paper explores the determination of resolving power by the observation of a reflected image of a resolution target on unprocessed. The reflection from the gelatin support was higher than that of the silver halide grains and thereby masked the reflected image from the grains. This phenomenon was observed over the entire range tested. The maximum obtained was 746 lines …

The Objective Evaluation Of Image Quality Produced With Physical Development, Bruce C. Smith, Keith M. Snyder

Theses

This experiment was an analysis of the difference in objective measures of image quality between chemical and physical development methods, including prefixation and postfixation processes. Of particular interest was the process outlined by Matejec1 for postfixation physical development. An investigation of resolving power and MTF for two fine grain films was carried out for four different development processes all possessing approximately the same speed capability. Both the effect of combined chemical and optical spread functions and the chemical spread alone were investigated through edge analysis using Fourier methods. A significant increase in image quality was found with the finest grain …

Diffusion Studies With Novel Plastics, Marion Toohey Conway

Theses

The rates of diffusion through two fluorinated groups and two non-fluorinated groups of laboratory prepared membranes were compared with each other and with commercially available cellulose membranes. The membranes.were evaluated, in particular, for possible use with the artificial kidney. Diffusion experiments were conducted with sodium chloride, urea and uric acid. Experimental results were compared to diffusion coefficients calculated in the literature for cellulose membranes. The results show that the rates of diffusion of all of the solutes tested for the laboratory prepared membranes are comparable to that of the cellulose membranes. The fluorinated group had a slightly higher diffusion coefficient …

Minimum Reflux In Fractionating Columns : A New And Improved Short-Cut Method, Elizabeth Garcia

Theses

A short-cut method is presented for calculating the minimum, reflux rate for multicomponent systems. This new method is best suited for use on the computer and gives a very accurate estimate of this important factor in the design of fractionating columns. It does so without going to the tedious and time-consuming calculations of the rigorous methods.

The calculation approach is based on a simplification of the Thiele and Geddes method for fractionating columns under minimum reflux conditions.

The program is written in Fortran IV language and was used on an IBM 370 computer. Input specifications include the split of the …

Kinetic Modeling Study Of Catalytic Hydrogenation Of Codimer, William Mounce

Theses

A kinetic modeling study was made on a gas phase catalytic reaction. The data used was that on the hydrogenation of codimer, collected by Tschernitz, et al, The objective was to determine if non-linear least squares regression offers an advantage over linear least squares regression in discriminating between Langmuir. Hinshelwood kinetic equations.

For the experimental data in question, it was found that neither linear nor non-linear regression could distinguish between the two plausible mechanisms. With the particular mechanistic equations and range of data used in this study, the more laborious non-linear analysis offered no advantage over linear regression in discriminating …

A Manual For A Settlement House Or Neighborhood Center, Jeffrey Daly

Theses

None provided.

The University Studio, Michael James

Theses

None provided.

To Stuff, Or Not To Stuff, Pamela Manahan

Theses

None provided.

Preparation Of Malachite Green Leucocyanide And A Study Of The Effects Of Dye Impurities, Paul Dennis Berg

Theses

Using a modification of a preparation method published by Tobin, Katzakian, and Chisholm, the photochromic leucocyanide of malachite green dye was prepared in a pure form. This leucocyanide was doped with various amounts of the dye as an impurity and the effect of the dye on the photolysis and fade reactions tested.

It was determined that the dye has the effect of merely masking the leucocyanide during photolysis exposure but does chemically increase the completeness of the fade reaction.

Plastics Combined With Metals In The Production Of Desk Objects, Sharon Church

Theses

None provided.

Fast Fourier Transform With Computer Program, James Chapin

Theses

Many computer programs have been developed to calculate the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). It is the intention of this thesis to develop the tree graph idea, presented by E. 0. Brigham and R. E. Morrow in the article "The fast Fourier transform," into another computer program that will calculate both the forward and inverse Fourier transforms using nonsymmetrical periodic functions. Most of the information obtained was from periodicals with relatively little available in text books. General matrix equations and calculations presented in proofs were developed by this thesis. The tree graph idea was also expanded to a general form. First …

Simulation Of A Single Feed Fractional Distillation Column Using The Thiele-Geddes Procedure, M. S. Abolahrari

Theses

This thesis constitutes a simulation model of a single feed frational distillation column consisting of a single phase distillate, liquid or vapor product, an equilibrium stage reboiler, and a cascade consisting of theoretical equilibrium stages. The model limitations in addition to the single feed and the single phase distillate are 20 identifiable components, and 100 theoretical equilibrium stages. The thermodynamic data required are vapor-liquid equilibrium data and vapor-liquid enthalpy data, both assumed to be correlatable as functions of temperature. Compositional dependence of the thermodynamic data is ignored, but minor pressure variations throughout the cascade can be incorporated into the vapor-liquid …

The Design, Construction And Evaluation Of A Resolution Target For Microfilming Application, Thomas E. Diosy

Theses

By designing and constructing a new resolution target for microfilming applications, it has been the goal of this thesis to overcome several problems suspected to be associated with existing methods, namely, 1) the problem of pre-knowledge of the test pattern and target array, 2) the ambiguity in determining the smallest "distinguishable" pattern, 3) the possibility of spurious resolution due to periodicity in the test pattern and 4) the lack of correlation with alpha-numeric typefaces.

The new Psi target system was constructed through a series of artwork reductions, paste-ups and further reductions, all on lithographic material.

The Psi target, a system …

A Cost Of Capital And Capital Budgeting Decision Model Related To New, Small, High Technology Corporations, Bruce R. Robinson

Theses

None provided.

Relationship Of Preferred Tone Reproduction To Picture Size, David Miller

Theses

A relationship between preferred tone reproduction and final picture size is suggested in many forms in the literature and in practical experience. This project uses photographic halftone prints varying in tone reproduction and produced at different sizes to investigate this relationship. The tone reproduction variations are introduced electronically using an RCA color scanner and a method of eigenvector analysis is used to reduce these tone reproductions down to their important components. The final set of prints consisting of ten tone reproductions, three reproduced sizes, and two sharpnesses are evaluated to determine their subjective quality in the judgement of a group …

Investigations In Post-Fixation Physical Development, R. Jerry, J. Nelson

Theses

The procedure outlined by Matejec, Photograpische Korrespondenz, 104, 153 (1968), fixation in a thiosulfate-sulfite solution to which AgBr has been added, followed by washing in 1% sulfite solution, and development in a metol-sulfite-AgNO3 developer, was tested on seven silver iodobromide emulsions, each of a different average grain size. Samples were exposed, and processed by chemical and physical development. Matejec’s results, equality of threshold speed with post-fixation physical and chemical development, could only be realized with a very fine grain emulsion and high intensity exposure. It was found that the efficiency of physical development, relative to chemical development, is inversely related …

Wilderness Of Hope: The White Mountains, George Dewolfe

Theses

None provided.

Multiple Component Color Imagery, Nicolas Bowen

Theses

None provided.

The Aging Of Sbr Vulcanizates, Arthur Robert Leckart

Theses

A literature survey was conducted on SBR aging, Being vulnerable to attack by the forces of nature (such as ozone, oxygen, heat and light), SBR vulcanizates requires the addition of chemicals to retard aging. Phenylamines were found to be the best type of antiaging additives, The effectiveness of other antiaging additives were examined. Although the mechanisms of aging are not perfectly understood; sane theories and aging reactions are discussed.

The Exploration Of Light As A Means Of Expression In The Intaglio Print Medium, Mary Vasko

Theses

None provided.