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The Challenge Of Involvement And Detachment In Participant Observation, Enock Takyi
The Challenge Of Involvement And Detachment In Participant Observation, Enock Takyi
The Qualitative Report
The technique of participant observation, and the roles involved, have been widely discussed in the literature across a range of settings and topics. However, researchers rarely argue for a particular role that a participant observer should adopt. In this paper, I attempt to argue for the participant-as-observer role. I do so by reviewing existing literature on the topic. I argue that the complete observer and the complete participant roles are not applicable in today's research environment because, aside from their practical problems, they violate the ethical requirement of informed consent. I argued further that the observer-as-participant role, with its limited …
Comprehensive Field Work Instructions: A Review Of Applied Ethnography. Guidelines For Field Research, Elizaveta Polukhina
Comprehensive Field Work Instructions: A Review Of Applied Ethnography. Guidelines For Field Research, Elizaveta Polukhina
The Qualitative Report
This book provides extended information and concrete guidelines for applied ethnographic research. It is rich in methodological advice, applicable empirical instruments and tools. The work will be helpful for advanced researchers, academic and non- academic people involved in complex international programs, lectures and graduate students planning to conduct ethnographic research for their dissertation. It includes research examples in education, marketing, community health, nursing, geography and more. The empirical fields of Pelto are slightly removed from the focus on Euro-American academic research and include reflections of working in the developing countries such as South Asia (India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka) and more.
“Third-Wave” Coffeehouses As Venues For Sociality: On Encounters Between Employees And Customers, John Manzo
“Third-Wave” Coffeehouses As Venues For Sociality: On Encounters Between Employees And Customers, John Manzo
The Qualitative Report
Contemporary social life is often depicted, in and out of the social sciences, as an ever-worsening subterfuge of alienation, ennui, and the systematic destruction of traditional, human-scaled, publicly-accessible, “organic” sociality that people once enjoyed. In this paper I do not contend that these trends in our social and commercial landscape are not happening. I will instead contend that conventional face-to-face sociability thrives even in the face of the loss of many traditional public meeting places. My focus in this piece is on social interaction in independent cafes that are known, and that self-identify, as what coffee connoisseurs term “third-wave” coffeehouses. …
Juxtaposition: The Coexistence Of Traditional Navajo And Standards Based Curricula, Daniel R. Conn
Juxtaposition: The Coexistence Of Traditional Navajo And Standards Based Curricula, Daniel R. Conn
The Qualitative Report
Northridge Elementary, a small public school serving almost entirely Navajo students, was recently labeled with a failing grade from the New Mexico Department of Education. This study explores what this label reveals and what it conceals. Using educational connoisseurship and criticism as the method of inquiry, this study considers how the label interacts with the structural, intentional, curricular, pedagogical, and evaluative dimensions within the school. As offered in the thematic aspect of the analysis, the label overgeneralizes realities of Northridge Elementary and is hindering rather the benefiting students.
Paradoxes, Dyads, And Tensions In Business: A Book Review Of Advancing Ethnography In Corporate Environments: Challenges And Emerging Opportunities, Bruce Lilyea
The Qualitative Report
By using a dyad approach of having two authors write about a topic from differing perspectives, the book presents a real world perspective of the innate challenges of corporate ethnography and is authentic as a result. These dyads address the issues of the balance of technology and traditional ethnographic tools; past and future; speed and depth; theory and practicality; insider and outsider; and, big data and human evolution. I intentionally use the word “with” to separate the dyad topics instead of “versus” because the book presents a “with not versus” approach to the dyads in the writing.
Seeking A Research Method To Study Women Who Have Recovered From Trauma And Addiction That Combines Feminist Theory, Somatic Theory, Alternative Forms Of Representation, And Social Justice, Sharon N. Stopforth
Seeking A Research Method To Study Women Who Have Recovered From Trauma And Addiction That Combines Feminist Theory, Somatic Theory, Alternative Forms Of Representation, And Social Justice, Sharon N. Stopforth
The Qualitative Report
The following paper attempts to find an approach to research that will best suit women who have recovered from addictions and trauma and consider themselves resilient. This approach will need to combine contemporary feminist theory, somatic theory, and alternative forms of representation/interpretation. The paper will begin by exploring the connection between postmodern feminist theory and somatic theory and what they both have to say about how we embody social conditions of gender through non-verbal interactions. Research will then be examined that captures the non-verbal aspects of being in the world and how this intersects with the postmodern turn. Finally, in …
The Fifty-Year Ethnographer: A Review Of Harry Wolcott's Ethnography Lessons: A Primer, Denise Mifsud
The Fifty-Year Ethnographer: A Review Of Harry Wolcott's Ethnography Lessons: A Primer, Denise Mifsud
The Qualitative Report
“Harry Wolcott uses fifty years of experience to take the reader inside the process of constructing an ethnographic study, offering a wealth of lessons from one of the masters of the genre”. This is indeed a concise description by the publisher. The text is constructed around the author’s five major studies. Wolcott thus gives a unique contribution to the field of ethnography as he presents some critical components of ethnography in his desire to share with us readers the results of his career-long search for the essence of ethnography. The book is divided into eight chapters. I give a critical …
Together, Apart. A Review Of On (Writing) Families: Autoethnographies Of Presence And Absence, Love And Loss, Edited By Jonathan Wyatt And Tony E. Adams, Jessica Smartt Gullion
Together, Apart. A Review Of On (Writing) Families: Autoethnographies Of Presence And Absence, Love And Loss, Edited By Jonathan Wyatt And Tony E. Adams, Jessica Smartt Gullion
The Qualitative Report
In this essay, I offer a review of the book, On (Writing) Families: Autoethnographies of Presence and Absence, Love and Loss, edited by Jonathan Wyatt and Tony E. Adams. An important contribution to the field of authethnography, this book will appeal not only to scholars of family and of qualitative inquiry, but also to people struggling to find meaning in the crazy complexities of family relationships.
Visions Of Living With Parkinson’S Disease: A Photovoice Study, Melinda Hermanns, Denice B. Greer, Cheryl Cooper
Visions Of Living With Parkinson’S Disease: A Photovoice Study, Melinda Hermanns, Denice B. Greer, Cheryl Cooper
The Qualitative Report
The purpose of this study was to explore the illness experience of persons living with Parkinson’s disease. Using the visual elicitation method, Photovoice, we asked participants to take a series of photographs that for them, represented the everyday challenges related to the disease. The photos served as starting and reference points for the individual narratives provided by each participant as they engaged in a follow-up dialogical interview with the researcher. Using thematic analysis of the interview data, the research team, together with the participants, identified one overarching theme, “staying determined,” and five sub-themes “staying active,” “finding purpose and meaning,” “finding …
Leaning Into Autoethnography: A Review Of Heewon Chang’S Autoethnography As Method, Martha M. Snyder
Leaning Into Autoethnography: A Review Of Heewon Chang’S Autoethnography As Method, Martha M. Snyder
The Qualitative Report
To lean in means to press forward or to move toward something. Leaning in is a deliberate way to approach something whether it is a strong wind or a new skill. Leaning in describes my stance toward autoethnography. I am making a step forward to understand what autoethnography is and how I might be able to use it in my personal research agenda. In reviewing the various approaches to autoethnography, I have found that Autoethnography as Method by Heewon Chang offers a comfortable entry point. Her methodical approach and practical guidelines for doing autoethnography are appealing and useful in creating …
“Worried About Them When We Left”: A Mixed-Methods Essay, Carlee Lehna, Stephanie Twyman, Erin Fahey, Mary-Beth Coty, Joseph Williams, Drane Scrivener, Gracie Wishnia
“Worried About Them When We Left”: A Mixed-Methods Essay, Carlee Lehna, Stephanie Twyman, Erin Fahey, Mary-Beth Coty, Joseph Williams, Drane Scrivener, Gracie Wishnia
The Qualitative Report
The purpose of this visual inquiry using ethnographic photographic research was to examine fire safety in homes of 42 urban older adults. Photographs were taken to document home fire safety (HFS) practices and grouped according to Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Home Safety Checklist categories. Participants had a mean age of 74 years, and were mostly African American (n=21, 57%), and female (n=32, 78%). Major findings from the photographs demonstrated unsafe electrical, cooking, and heating practices. Other HFS hazards related to installation and maintenance of carbon monoxide (CO) and smoke alarms, smoking safety, and identification and practice of home fire …
Role Exit From The Military: Student Veterans’ Perceptions Of Transitioning From The U.S. Military To Higher Education, Dara Naphan, Marta Elliot
Role Exit From The Military: Student Veterans’ Perceptions Of Transitioning From The U.S. Military To Higher Education, Dara Naphan, Marta Elliot
The Qualitative Report
This paper presents a qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews with eleven student veterans about transitioning from the U.S. military to civilian life and to a midsized, public university. The U.S. military and American institutions of higher education are significantly different, and these differences make adaptation for student veterans more difficult. The purpose of this research was to understand what this transition was like for student veterans and the factors that affected how they negotiated the move back home. Using framework analysis (Ritchie & Spencer, 1994), we noted five themes of student veterans’ military service that impacted their transition: (a) task …
Learning Autoethnography: A Review Of Autoethnography: Understanding Qualitative Research, Daniel C. Allen
Learning Autoethnography: A Review Of Autoethnography: Understanding Qualitative Research, Daniel C. Allen
The Qualitative Report
Tony E. Adams, Stacy Jones, and Carolyn Ellis’ publication of Autoethnography explains the scope and process of conducting autoethnographic research and its uses of self-examination and society. As a recent graduate, the author examined his own experiences in graduate school and the debates over quantitative and qualitative research methodologies as he read the text. The book outlined the purposes, procedures, and methods to determine validity in autoethnographic research by proffering personal examples and narratives to elucidate the research paradigm.
Internationalization Of Counselor Education: Lived Experiences Of Us Counselors-In-Training Abroad, Cristen C. Wathen, David M. Kleist
Internationalization Of Counselor Education: Lived Experiences Of Us Counselors-In-Training Abroad, Cristen C. Wathen, David M. Kleist
The Qualitative Report
In response to globalization in the counseling profession and the incorporation of international immersion courses in counselor education programs, the purpose of this study is to understand the lived experience of counselors-intraining participating internationally in a study abroad course. The research question was: What is the experience of a counselor-in-training who has participated in a study abroad trip as a part of their training program? Utilizing van Manen’s phenomenological methodology (1990), the researcher explored the experiences of four counselors-in-training participating in an international study abroad course. Overall emergent themes included experiencing new contexts, emotions, and new learning with an emphasis …
Tracing The History Of Grounded Theory Methodology: From Formation To Fragmentation, Méabh Kenny, Robert Fourie
Tracing The History Of Grounded Theory Methodology: From Formation To Fragmentation, Méabh Kenny, Robert Fourie
The Qualitative Report
There are very few articles, which track the history of Grounded Theory (GT) methodology from its tentative conception to its present divisions. This journal article addresses the dearth by tracing the history of GT methodology from its conception in the 1960’s, discussing the context of its composition, character, and contribution. Subsequently, the article follows the maturation of GT which is characterised by a series of contentious and, at times, antagonistic academic debates. The crux of these debates centres on disputes over core tenets of GT and have resulted in three dominant and divergent configurations of the GT methodology: Classic, Straussian, …
Caught In The Middle: Chat(Ting) About Black School Leaders, Demetricia L. Hodges
Caught In The Middle: Chat(Ting) About Black School Leaders, Demetricia L. Hodges
The Qualitative Report
The purpose of this article is to “chat” about my experience using Eurocentric theories in racial and culturally centered qualitative inquiry. The challenge I face is that I believe researchers can use Eurocentric theories to conceptualize ‘appropriate’ frameworks to conduct rigorous culturally responsible and sensitive research that contributes to existing scholarly dialogue and empirical literature on culturally sensitive designs in the field of qualitative research. In this paper I use my research experience to address the question, “How can researcher(s) conduct culturally responsible and sensitive research?” I use autoethnography and writing as a method of inquiry to (re)present the multi-layers …
Not Just For Beginners - A Review Of Successful Qualitative Research: A Practical Guide For Beginners, Gerald A. Craver
Not Just For Beginners - A Review Of Successful Qualitative Research: A Practical Guide For Beginners, Gerald A. Craver
The Qualitative Report
In Successful Qualitative Research: A Practical Guide for Beginners (2013), Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke present their method of thematic analysis as well as some strategies for successfully conducting qualitative research. The book is user-friendly and contains practical advice that may appeal to both novices and experienced researchers alike.
Use Of Semi-Structured Interviews To Explore Competing Demands In A Prostate Cancer Prevention Intervention Clinical Trial (Pcpict), Theresa Crocker, Karen Besterman-Dahan, David Himmelgreen, Heide Castañeda, Clement K. Gwede, Nagi Kumar
Use Of Semi-Structured Interviews To Explore Competing Demands In A Prostate Cancer Prevention Intervention Clinical Trial (Pcpict), Theresa Crocker, Karen Besterman-Dahan, David Himmelgreen, Heide Castañeda, Clement K. Gwede, Nagi Kumar
The Qualitative Report
In this paper we report on findings from the first known study using qualitative methods to explore factors influencing physicians’ participation in an ongoing federally-funded prostate cancer chemoprevention clinical trial. We sought to identify ways to improve collaboration between researchers and physicians and enhance the success of future projects and employed purposive sampling to recruit physician/investigators who were involved or invited to participate in the trial. Using the data from open-ended semi-structured interviews, we examined patterns in their languaging and created themes. We found that individual and structural factors served as barriers and facilitators to participation. Willingness and desire to …
Using Ethnography To Understand Meaning: A Review Of Sam Ladner's Practical Ethnography: A Guide To Doing Ethnography In The Private Sector, Richard H. Rogers
Using Ethnography To Understand Meaning: A Review Of Sam Ladner's Practical Ethnography: A Guide To Doing Ethnography In The Private Sector, Richard H. Rogers
The Qualitative Report
Ethnography is a qualitative research methodology that explains the meaning of a culture within context. Ethnographers take the emic position, participants’ point of view, and try to understand their language, concepts, categories, and opinions that defines their research. The author, Sam Ladner, wrote a thorough text that bridges the research and the practical use of ethnography in the private or public sector. An experienced or new researcher could gain knowledge by reading this text and implementing the methods in his or her private or public sector job. If a client wants to understand why consumers make certain decisions, the methods …
Out Of Our Comfort Zones: Reflections About Teaching Qualitative Research At A Distance, Cheyl A. Hunter, Debora Hinderliter Ortloff, Rachelle Winkle-Wagner
Out Of Our Comfort Zones: Reflections About Teaching Qualitative Research At A Distance, Cheyl A. Hunter, Debora Hinderliter Ortloff, Rachelle Winkle-Wagner
The Qualitative Report
How does an increase in distance technology alter the teaching of qualitative research? This article uses a Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (McKinney, 2007) framework in which each author collected data in the form of personal narrative essays about teaching qualitative research from a distance, course products, teaching evaluations, and student comments. Individually we created a narrative reflection on the teaching and learning of qualitative methodology; particularly comparing our individual experiences with both distance and in-person teaching formats. Through these reflective essays, we provide ideas about our teaching of qualitative research via distance technology as a conceptual conversation about the …
Critical Approach To Reflexivity In Grounded Theory, Stephen J. Gentles, Susan M. Jack, David B. Nicholas, K. Ann Mckibbon
Critical Approach To Reflexivity In Grounded Theory, Stephen J. Gentles, Susan M. Jack, David B. Nicholas, K. Ann Mckibbon
The Qualitative Report
A problem with the popular desire to legitimate one’s research through the inclusion of reflexivity is its increasingly uncritical adoption and practice, with most researchers failing to define their understandings, specific positions, and approaches. Considering the relative recentness with which reflexivity has been explicitly described in the context of grounded theory, guidance for incorporating it within this research approach is currently in the early stages. In this article, we illustrate a three-stage approach used in a grounded theory study of how parents of children with autism navigate intervention. Within this approach, different understandings of reflexivity are first explored and mapped, …
Ethical Dilemmas Of Emerging Latina Researchers: Studying Schools Serving Latina Communities, P. Zitlali Morales, Lilia D. Monzo
Ethical Dilemmas Of Emerging Latina Researchers: Studying Schools Serving Latina Communities, P. Zitlali Morales, Lilia D. Monzo
The Qualitative Report
This article explores some of the ethical dilemmas we have encountered as emerging Latina researchers in dual language school contexts. Informed by Chicana Feminist Theory, we attempt to analyze power in more nuanced ways, shifting the analysis of ethics away from traditional notions of power based only within the researcher rather than the participants. While we do not offer solutions to these dilemmas, we raise questions that we hope will spur thoughtful reflection and move the field of educational research into more equitable and ethical research practices across contexts.
Bullying In Graduate School: Its Nature And Effects, Rachel H. Gentry, Bernard E. Whitley Jr.
Bullying In Graduate School: Its Nature And Effects, Rachel H. Gentry, Bernard E. Whitley Jr.
The Qualitative Report
Does bullying exist in graduate school? If so, what does it look like? Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 graduate students from various departments at a medium-sized, Midwestern U.S. university. Grounded Theory methodology (Glaser, 1978) was utilized to gain insight into the terms and behaviors students used to define bullying in the graduate school context. Through constant comparative analysis (Stern, 1980), categories emerged that provided an understanding of the different perspectives inherent in a bully system, and the meanings attached to bullying behaviors. These findings can provide administrators and counselors with the information necessary to conduct preventative training to help …
Collective Voices: Engagement Of Hartford Community Residents Through Participatory Action Research, Kenneth M. Williamson, Karen Brown
Collective Voices: Engagement Of Hartford Community Residents Through Participatory Action Research, Kenneth M. Williamson, Karen Brown
The Qualitative Report
The article details a Participatory Action Research (PAR) Project that partnered Latino and African and Caribbean American residents with research educators from the Institute for Community Research in Hartford, CT. PAR has been used to engage marginalized people in the process of knowledge production and take action to change the oppressive structures affecting them. Project participants worked together to design research projects on economic opportunities and trainings for Spanish speaking residents, the social, environmental and physical conditions of neighborhoods, and the educational outcomes for Hartford schoolchildren; together they conducted research, analyzed and disseminated the results, and planned and implemented action …
My Story: An Authoethnographical Account Of Being A Phd Candidate, Rod Pitcher
My Story: An Authoethnographical Account Of Being A Phd Candidate, Rod Pitcher
The Qualitative Report
This paper is an autoethnographical account of my PhD candidature. It shows how the work affected my development as a researcher and also as a person. As I near the end I realise that the process of doing a PhD has changed me beyond recognition. I am no longer the naive undergraduate student of the recent past. I have developed beyond that. I discuss some of the important influences on me during my candidature and how they changed me and my way of thinking about myself and my work.
A Parent-Teacher View Of Teens Behaviors In Nuclear And Joint Family Systems In Pakistan, Noor-Ul-Ain Baig, Rana Rashid Rehman, Noor Mobeen
A Parent-Teacher View Of Teens Behaviors In Nuclear And Joint Family Systems In Pakistan, Noor-Ul-Ain Baig, Rana Rashid Rehman, Noor Mobeen
The Qualitative Report
This research work tries to unveil the changing teen’s behaviors in nuclear and joint family systems in Pakistan. Pakistan enjoys the social values of joint families; and, where grandparents are very important constituent of the family, the family structure is an important component in shaping the teens behaviors. Therefore, this paper focuses the sample of parents and teachers of the teens in the postmodern urban society and tried to better point out the eminent changes in the attitudes and behaviors of teens. This study follows a qualitative approach of research that pursues a phenomenological inquiry describing lived experience of the …
Exploring The Subaltern Voices: A Study Of Community Radio Reporters (Crr's) In Rural India, Dhanraj A. Patil
Exploring The Subaltern Voices: A Study Of Community Radio Reporters (Crr's) In Rural India, Dhanraj A. Patil
The Qualitative Report
Despite India’s remarkable communication media revolution the rural subalterns remained uninformed, unheard and voiceless, who asks the question: Whose Media, Whose Voice? This created a space for community radio (CR) because it is of, for, and by the community. However, in spite of the alternative, counter-hegemonic, and participatory communication ethos, the contribution of CR’s and CRR’s lingered unexplored and unacknowledged. To bridge this gap, within the theoretical framework of alternative-media-theory this study has been undertaken. Based on case studies of India’s pioneer CR’s (Sangam Radio and Radio Bundelkhand) using media ethnography tools a qualitative inquiry was carried out. Findings suggest …
Positionality: Reflecting On The Research Process, Brian Bourke
Positionality: Reflecting On The Research Process, Brian Bourke
The Qualitative Report
Through this article, the author provides a reflection on the role of positionality in research, following the completion of a qualitative research project. Through the research project, the White researcher sought to explore the ways in which students of color experience a predominantly White university. Drawing on literature and findings from the research project, the author highlights potential challenges and opportunities of being cognizant of one’s positionality. These reflections illustrate the significance of positionality and serve as a reminder of its potential effects on the research process, as well as on participants and the researcher. The manuscript concludes with recommendations …
Reducing Confusion About Grounded Theory And Qualitative Content Analysis: Similarities And Differences, Ji Young Cho, Eun-Hee Lee
Reducing Confusion About Grounded Theory And Qualitative Content Analysis: Similarities And Differences, Ji Young Cho, Eun-Hee Lee
The Qualitative Report
Although grounded theory and qualitative content analysis are similar in some respects, they differ as well; yet the differences between the two have rarely been made clear in the literature. The purpose of this article was to clarify ambiguities and reduce confusion about grounded theory and qualitative content analysis by identifying similarities and differences in the two based on a literature review and critical reflection on the authors’ own research. Six areas of difference emerged: (a) background and philosophical base, (b) unique characteristics of each method, (c) goals and rationale of each method, (d) data analysis process, (e) outcomes of …
Understanding Visual Inquiry: A Review Of Researching The Visual (2nd Ed.), Oksana Parylo
Understanding Visual Inquiry: A Review Of Researching The Visual (2nd Ed.), Oksana Parylo
The Qualitative Report
The growing popularity of visual research in social sciences along with the new possibilities offered by the developments in technology necessitate including visual inquiry in research methodology classes. Researching the Visual by Emmison, Smith, and Mayal (2012) offers a good introduction to visual research and can be used as a textbook for beginners in social inquiry. In this book, Emmison et al. carefully combine the history, examples, explanations, and new trends in visual research. Careful consideration is given to new approaches emerging within visual inquiry. In summary, while this book may be too basic for the experts in this field, …