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Comparative Study On The Application Of Gra, Psi And Hybrid Psi-Gra Techniques For Optimising Turning Parameters In Multi-Criteria Problems, Mussa Iddi Mgwatu
Comparative Study On The Application Of Gra, Psi And Hybrid Psi-Gra Techniques For Optimising Turning Parameters In Multi-Criteria Problems, Mussa Iddi Mgwatu
Tanzania Journal of Science
The optimum turning parameters help to justify the investment in machine tools for manufacturing industries. However, solving optimisation models to achieve optimum turning parameters in multi-criteria environment is complex leading to the application of multi-criteria decision-making techniques. This paper compares three multi-criteria decision-making techniques in determining optimum turning process parameters namely spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut. The performance criteria are material removal rate, consumed electrical energy and tool wear rate. Example data for turning process were obtained from other studies while the analyses for multi-criteria decision-making were performed using grey relational analysis (GRA), preference selection index (PSI) …
Heavy Metal Contamination And Health Risks In Katoro's Artisanal Gold Mining Soils, Tanzania, Innocent J. Lugendo, Venance Mwesiga
Heavy Metal Contamination And Health Risks In Katoro's Artisanal Gold Mining Soils, Tanzania, Innocent J. Lugendo, Venance Mwesiga
Tanzania Journal of Science
This study assessed heavy metal contamination in surface soils from artisanal gold mining areas in Katoro, Tanzania, evaluating ecological and human health risks. Thirty-six soil samples were systematically collected from three mining villages (Bingwa, Isenye, and CCM) at varying distances ranging from 30 to 90 m from active mining pits alongside twelve control samples from a non-mining area for comparison purposes. Concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb, and As in soil samples were analyzed using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF). Results revealed severe contamination, with Cr (117–1255 mg/kg), Cu (81–104 mg/kg), and Ni (89–271 mg/kg) exceeding permissible limits. The …
Crude Extracts Of Seaweeds (Ulva Lactuca And Eucheuma Spinosum) As Biostimulants For Enhancing Sweet Pepper Production, Charles Olambo Joseph, Seif Amour M
Crude Extracts Of Seaweeds (Ulva Lactuca And Eucheuma Spinosum) As Biostimulants For Enhancing Sweet Pepper Production, Charles Olambo Joseph, Seif Amour M
Tanzania Journal of Science
Sweet pepper is the world’s second most important vegetable after tomato, making its production vital for economic growth and supporting livelihoods. However, growing concerns about environmental protection and sustainability make the search for eco‑friendly alternatives to synthetic fertilizers inevitable. Seaweed extracts are rich in bioactive compounds that can stimulate key plant growth and defense pathways making them effective biofertilizer. A Randomized Complete Block Design was laid out to evaluate the potential of seaweed extract (U. lactuca and E. spinosum) in promoting the growth and productivity of sweet pepper(Capsicum annuum L.). Seaweed was applied in both liquid and …
Spatio-Temporal Dynamics Of The Onset And Cessation Of Ond Rainy Season Across Bimodal Regions Of Tanzania, Rajabu J. Mangara, Paul Ts Limbu
Spatio-Temporal Dynamics Of The Onset And Cessation Of Ond Rainy Season Across Bimodal Regions Of Tanzania, Rajabu J. Mangara, Paul Ts Limbu
Tanzania Journal of Science
This study investigates the temporal variability of the onset, cessation, and duration of the October-November-December (OND) rainy season in the bimodal rainfall region of Tanzania. Utilizing daily precipitation data from the Multi-Source Weighted-Ensemble Precipitation dataset for the period 2014–2023, the study employs the Accumulated Daily Index method to determine the onset and cessation of rains, with the seasonal duration computed as the difference between these dates. Variability in onset, cessation, and season length was quantified using the Coefficient of Variation. The findings highlight significant spatial variability in onset, with early rains in northwestern areas (e.g., Bukoba) and coastal zones, commencing …
Comparative Evaluation Of Dicyclohexylamine And N-Methyldiethanolamine As Corrosion Inhibitors For Top Of Line Corrosion On Api X80 Carbon Steel In Saturated Carbon Dioxide Aqueous Solutions, Frida W. Andalu, Abraham K. Temu, Alfred R. Akisanya, Joseph Yn Philip
Comparative Evaluation Of Dicyclohexylamine And N-Methyldiethanolamine As Corrosion Inhibitors For Top Of Line Corrosion On Api X80 Carbon Steel In Saturated Carbon Dioxide Aqueous Solutions, Frida W. Andalu, Abraham K. Temu, Alfred R. Akisanya, Joseph Yn Philip
Tanzania Journal of Science
This work has evaluated the efficiency of selected volatile corrosion inhibitors in mitigation of top of line corrosion in wet gas pipeline at different temperatures. The main challenge of top of line corrosion in carbon dioxide rich environment is the ability of the volatile corrosion inhibitor to effectively mitigate corrosion at adverse conditions. Electrochemical corrosion experiments using potentiodynamic polarization method were conducted at temperatures of 20 ℃, 35 ℃ and 45 °C to evaluate the efficiency of dicyclohexylamine and n-methyldiethanolamine corrosion inhibitors for top of line corrosion inhibition on carbon steel specimens derived from API X80 natural gas pipelines. The …
Energy-Saving Simple Adaptive Recursive Terminal Sliding Mode Control For Industrial Feed Drive Systems, Haryson Johanes Nyobuya
Energy-Saving Simple Adaptive Recursive Terminal Sliding Mode Control For Industrial Feed Drive Systems, Haryson Johanes Nyobuya
Tanzania Journal of Science
This paper proposes a simple adaptive recursive terminal sliding mode control approach for industrial feed drive systems. The design employs a recursive sliding mode structure that eliminates the reaching phase and ensures finite-time convergence of the tracking error. To mitigate chattering, a second-order nonsingular terminal sliding mode is used and the parameters to compensate for disturbances are obtain in terms of integral form and a proportional terminal term, which enhances disturbance rejection and further guarantees finite-time convergence. The proposed controller significantly reduces the tracking error and saves energy for the feed drive system. Numerical simulations on an industrial feed drive …
Nickel (Ii) Complex Decorated Zinc-Cadmium Sulfide Type-Ii Heterojunction For Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production, Miza Kombo, Abdul Muhamed, Suleiman Suleiman, An-Wu Xu
Nickel (Ii) Complex Decorated Zinc-Cadmium Sulfide Type-Ii Heterojunction For Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production, Miza Kombo, Abdul Muhamed, Suleiman Suleiman, An-Wu Xu
Tanzania Journal of Science
The binary metal sulfide Zn0.5Cd0.5S has emerged as a promising photocatalyst for hydrogen (H2) production via visible-light-driven water splitting. However, its practical application is limited by rapid charge carrier recombination and insufficient stability. In this study, nickel (II)-(3-pyridyl) benzimidazole (NPBIm) complexes were synthesized and employed an ultrasonic-assisted method to decorate the surface of Zn0.5Cd0.5S, forming a novel metal-complex semiconductor heterostructure system (Zn0.5Cd0.5S/NPBIm). This hybrid system significantly enhances photocatalytic H2 evolution under visible light irradiation. Experimental findings reveal that the incorporation of NPBIm molecules improves the …
Modeling The Effects Of Screening, Vaccination, Treatment, And Non-Pharmaceutical Controls On Leptospirosis Transmission Dynamics, Janeth Michael, Herieth Rwezaura, Goodluck Mlay, Nyimvua Shaban Mbare
Modeling The Effects Of Screening, Vaccination, Treatment, And Non-Pharmaceutical Controls On Leptospirosis Transmission Dynamics, Janeth Michael, Herieth Rwezaura, Goodluck Mlay, Nyimvua Shaban Mbare
Tanzania Journal of Science
Leptospirosis is the world’s most common zoonotic disease and remains a significant public health challenge, particularly in regions with poor sanitation and high exposure risks. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of combined interventions: screening, vaccination, treatment, and non-pharmaceutical controls in reducing leptospirosis transmission in human and domestic animal populations. The study develops and analyzes a deterministic compartmental model with eleven compartments representing human, domestic animal, and bacterial populations. Stability analysis reveals that the Disease-Free Equilibrium (DEF) is globally asymptotically stable when the effective reproduction number is less than a unit ( < 1), ensuring disease eradication under these conditions, whereas the Endemic Equilibrium Point (EEP) remains stable when > 1. The study employs the normalized forward …
Dynamic Lqr Control For Improved Dc Link Voltage Stability In Grid-Integrated Solar Pv System, Peter Makolo, Mwanajuma Gora, Francis Mwasilu, Jackson Justo
Dynamic Lqr Control For Improved Dc Link Voltage Stability In Grid-Integrated Solar Pv System, Peter Makolo, Mwanajuma Gora, Francis Mwasilu, Jackson Justo
Tanzania Journal of Science
The integration of photovoltaic (PV) systems into power grids poses a significant challenge to voltage stability, especially at the DC link. Fluctuations in solar irradiance directly cause power variations and instability in this critical interface. If not properly controlled, this variability can lead to inefficiencies, equipment damage, and widespread grid disturbances. To address the abovementioned challenge, this paper proposes a dynamic converter control strategy designed to enhance DC link voltage stability in grid-integrated solar PV system. The core of the proposed control system is based on a Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) mechanism, implemented within a two-stage, PV grid connected system …
Prevalence And Molecular Characterization Of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella In Poultry Of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Tumwi T. Salah, Paulo S. Joseph, Bishop I. Magidanga, Richard S. Mwakapuja, Victor A. Makene
Prevalence And Molecular Characterization Of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella In Poultry Of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Tumwi T. Salah, Paulo S. Joseph, Bishop I. Magidanga, Richard S. Mwakapuja, Victor A. Makene
Tanzania Journal of Science
Poultry is one of the common source of non-typhoidal Salmonella and poultry products are the major sources of human and animal infections with the Salmonella. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of non-typhoidal Salmonella in live commercial and backyard chickens from retail markets and farms in Dar es Salaam city, Tanzania. The study was conducted in four districts; Ubungo, Kinondoni, Temeke and Ilala. A total of 400 chickens (120 broilers, 120 layers and 160 backyard chickens) were tested for Salmonella. Salmonella isolation and identification was carried out using bacteriological standard methods and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) …
Morphological And Biochemical Characterization Of Endophytic Bacteria From Selected Medicinal Plants Found At The University Of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Ibrahim Juma
Tanzania Journal of Science
Endophytic bacteria are capable of colonising internal tissues of medicinal plants, and producing secondary metabolites (biochemical compounds) of beneficial importance like the ones produced by their host plants. Though Tanzania harbours a wide species of medicinal plants with endophytic bacteria capable of producing such important bioactive substances, research on these bacteria remains scant, which limit their biotechnological applications. This work was undertaken to isolate and document endophytic bacteria from tropical almond, local avocado, banana and blue snake weed plants found at the University of Dar es Salaam, main campus. The study characterised the isolated endophytes based on morphological descriptors and …
The Influence Of Chlorophyll-A And Sea Surface Temperature On Anchovy Catch Trends (2011-2024) In Kilwa, Tanzania, Renatus Shigi, Prosper L. Mfilinge
The Influence Of Chlorophyll-A And Sea Surface Temperature On Anchovy Catch Trends (2011-2024) In Kilwa, Tanzania, Renatus Shigi, Prosper L. Mfilinge
Tanzania Journal of Science
Anchovies exhibit varying trends in catch worldwide, with some regions experiencing declines in catch due to overfishing and environmental changes, while others remain stable or experience increases. Kilwa is among the most productive small pelagic fisheries along the Tanzanian coast. This study aimed to investigate the influence of Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) on anchovy catch trends in Kilwa. The study further examined the relationship between catch per unit effort (CPUE) and total anchovy catch, as well as its implications for fisheries management. The study was conducted at two sites: Kilwa Kivinje and Kilwa Masoko during both the …
Variations In Extreme Wet Days During The Ond Rainy Season In Tanzania And Their Linkages To Atmospheric-Oceanic Anomalies, Philemon Henry, Paul Ts Limbu
Variations In Extreme Wet Days During The Ond Rainy Season In Tanzania And Their Linkages To Atmospheric-Oceanic Anomalies, Philemon Henry, Paul Ts Limbu
Tanzania Journal of Science
Extreme rainfall remains one of the leading natural disasters in Tanzania, affecting the majority of citizens and the country’s economy. Understanding the seasonal patterns and associated atmospheric and oceanic anomalies could help mitigate their impacts. The current study investigates changes in seasonal extreme wettest days (EWDs) rainfall in Tanzania and the associated atmospheric and oceanic anomalies during October-December (OND), from 1981 to 2020. EWD is defined as days when daily rainfall meets or exceeds the 99th percentile. Singular value decomposition (SVD), Mann-Kendall, t-test, and Pettitt test methods were applied in this study. The results indicate that approximately 2 EWD …
Effect Of Alternative Rearing Substrates On The Growth, Reproduction And Nutritional Composition Of The African Field Cricket Gyrllus Bimaculatus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), Atujune Katabaro, Blanka Joseph, Anitha Philbert
Effect Of Alternative Rearing Substrates On The Growth, Reproduction And Nutritional Composition Of The African Field Cricket Gyrllus Bimaculatus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), Atujune Katabaro, Blanka Joseph, Anitha Philbert
Tanzania Journal of Science
The increasing demand for animal protein to cater to the ever-growing human population has prompted the quest for alternative protein sources from insects. The field cricket Gyrllus bimaculatus, is one of the species of major interest, however, rearing of this species depends on the commercial chicken feed, which is expensive. This study explored the suitability of food remains in the rearing of this species. Three experimental food types were formulated from various food remains, and fed to crickets along with the commercial chicken feed for 14 weeks. Crickets that were fed on a combined diet of mixed food types performed …
Finite Element Models For Predicting Moisture Effects On Bolt Embedment And Connection In Timber, Henry Meleki Kiwelu
Finite Element Models For Predicting Moisture Effects On Bolt Embedment And Connection In Timber, Henry Meleki Kiwelu
Tanzania Journal of Science
The mechanical performances of timber connections are particularly important for timber engineers involved in the design of the wood structures. The mechanism of connection must be well understood in order to design a safer connection and avoid catastrophic failure. Often connections are made weak fuse elements by deliberate intent to ensure that if structural systems fail it will be by controllable ductile deformation of connections in load paths. Model method of determining engineering design capacities of laterally loaded dowel fasteners, such as bolts, screws and nails was developed. It should however be pointed out that FE and similar continuum model …
A Comparative Study Of Unfolding Techniques For Gamma-Ray Spectra Obtained With Nai(Tl) Scintillation Detectors, Mwingereza J Kumwenda
A Comparative Study Of Unfolding Techniques For Gamma-Ray Spectra Obtained With Nai(Tl) Scintillation Detectors, Mwingereza J Kumwenda
Tanzania Journal of Science
Iterative unfolding methods are frequently used in acquiring true gamma-ray spectra from the measured spectra. However, the peak resolution of iterative unfolding methods especially, in Gold algorithm method is very challenging, especially in the case of scintillation detectors, where several instrumental artifacts and distortions interfere with the true spectral shape. Therefore, this paper presents a comparative study of the direct matrix inversion unfolding method (DMIUM) and iterative unfolding method with emphasis on the Gold algorithm method (GAM) in converting measured gamma-ray spectra of the NaI(Tl) scintillation detector into the true gamma-ray spectra. The Monte Carlo simulation based on the Geant4 …
Assessing The Variability Of Heavy Rainfall Events During Gu Rainfall Season In Somalia, Abdinasir Elm, Paul Ts Limbu
Assessing The Variability Of Heavy Rainfall Events During Gu Rainfall Season In Somalia, Abdinasir Elm, Paul Ts Limbu
Tanzania Journal of Science
The occurrence of heavy rainfall is a significant contributing factor to the occurrence of flooding in Somalia during the rainy season, resulting in substantial socio-economic consequences. This study investigates the spatial-temporal variations of Heavy Rainfall Events (HREs) occurring from March to May (MAM), commonly referred to as the Gu rainy season, in Somalia from 1991 to 2020. The analysis employed the Empirical Orthogonal Function method to investigate the spatial-temporal variations of HREs. The findings indicate that there is an unequal distribution HREs throughout the country, with the southern regions exhibiting the highest concentration of HREs of about 340 HREs, while …
Spatio-Temporal Trends And Change Detection Of Surface Air Temperature In Tanzania: October To April Season., Laban Lameck Kebacho, Exavery Kisesa Makula, Paul Tilwebwa Shelleph Limbu
Spatio-Temporal Trends And Change Detection Of Surface Air Temperature In Tanzania: October To April Season., Laban Lameck Kebacho, Exavery Kisesa Makula, Paul Tilwebwa Shelleph Limbu
Tanzania Journal of Science
The paper examined the spatio-temporal variability and trends of minimum temperature (T-min), mean (T-mean), and maximum temperature (T-max) in Tanzania from October to April using the Climatic Research Unit Time Series version 4.06 from 1951-2021. The traditional Mann-Kendall (MK) test, modified MK, and Sen’s slope test were used to determine the trend direction and magnitude of the T-mean, T-max, and T-min trends, respectively. Sequential MK, standard normal homogeneity, and Pettitt tests were used to detect abrupt changes, while the Hurst coefficient (H) assessed future trend behavior. Results show a statistically significant increasing trend of 0.14 °C per decade, 0.18 °C …
Design And Optimization Of Eco-Friendly Biocomposite Films For Packaging Applications Using Response Surface Methodology, Ba Omoike, Fe Okieimen, C Imoisi
Design And Optimization Of Eco-Friendly Biocomposite Films For Packaging Applications Using Response Surface Methodology, Ba Omoike, Fe Okieimen, C Imoisi
Tanzania Journal of Science
The use of synthetic polymers as packaging materials constitutes environmental pollution due to the accumulation of plastic waste after they are discarded. This study aimed at preparing and optimizing an environmental-friendly carboxymethyl starch/PVA/kaolin composite film using response surface methodology to develop potential solutions for replacing synthetic packaging and optimize the formulation of the biocomposite films. The biocomposite films were prepared by solution casting method. The interactive effect of carboxymethyl starch (CMS) (2.0-5.0 g), poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) (0.0-3.0 g) and kaolin (0.00-0.22 g) on the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), percentage elongation at break (%EB) and water vapour permeability (WVP) were determined. The …
Analysis Of Unsteady Convective Boundary Layer Flow With Magnetic Fields, Chemical Reaction, Thermal Radiation And Variable Fluid Properties, Jonas A. James, Makungu J. Ng’Oga, Augustino I. Msigwa, Ali A. Omary
Analysis Of Unsteady Convective Boundary Layer Flow With Magnetic Fields, Chemical Reaction, Thermal Radiation And Variable Fluid Properties, Jonas A. James, Makungu J. Ng’Oga, Augustino I. Msigwa, Ali A. Omary
Tanzania Journal of Science
This study extends the previous work by Kitengeso et al. (2018) by investigating unsteady convective boundary layer flow, incorporating magnetic fields, chemical reactions, radiation, and variable fluid properties over the inclined plate. The boundary layer and Boussinesq approximations are used to derive the magnetohydrodynamic flow equations. Thereafter, the equations are transformed into similarity form using similarity variables and then solved using the 4th order Runge - Kutta method. The key parameters such as the magnetic parameter, chemical reaction rate, variable fluid properties, unsteadiness, convection, and radiation parameter significantly affect flow behavior over an inclined plane. It was found that increasing …
Single-Step Sol-Gel Synthesis Of Cuo/Tio2 Nanoparticles: Microstructure And Materials Characterization, Godlisten N Shao
Single-Step Sol-Gel Synthesis Of Cuo/Tio2 Nanoparticles: Microstructure And Materials Characterization, Godlisten N Shao
Tanzania Journal of Science
Copper oxide modified titanium dioxide (CuO/TiO2) nanoparticles have been widely reported owing to their excellent performance in heterogeneous photocatalysis. However, their industrial and large-scale production is hampered by tedious and expensive preparation methods. The present study presents a single step sol-gel synthesis of CuO/TiO2 nanoparticles with improved physicochemical properties. A series of CuO/TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by a modified sol-gel approach using titanium oxychloride as a TiO2 precursor in the absence of additives. The samples were examined by high-resolution TEM, SEM-EDAX, XRD, XRF, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, nitrogen gas physisorption studies, and UV-visible DRS analyses. It was found that the proposed …
Uncertainties In Measuring Lifetimes Of Nuclear Excited States Using A Fast Electronic Timing System Made Of Nai (Tl) Scintillators, Innocent J Lugendo
Uncertainties In Measuring Lifetimes Of Nuclear Excited States Using A Fast Electronic Timing System Made Of Nai (Tl) Scintillators, Innocent J Lugendo
Tanzania Journal of Science
Measurements of the lifetimes of nuclear excited states need to be as accurate as possible due to their crucial role in making or verifying various theoretical predictions in the nuclear science and astrophysics. Nevertheless, metrological difficulties in these measurements have brought about controversies that significantly influence the quest to understand the atomic structure, decay processes and nuclear reactions. Among the obstacles are the accuracy and precision of the systems and techniques used for measuring the lifetime of an excited state. It follows that any hypothesis regarding the nuclear behavior can only be considerable upon verification and accountability of stability and …
Cytotoxicity Of Heliotropium Indicum Methanolic Leaf Extract In Mice, Claudius D Luziga, Benedictor J Jagadi, Jackson A Ngou, Frida R Mgonja
Cytotoxicity Of Heliotropium Indicum Methanolic Leaf Extract In Mice, Claudius D Luziga, Benedictor J Jagadi, Jackson A Ngou, Frida R Mgonja
Tanzania Journal of Science
Heliotropium indicum grows well in wet fertile soils often near rivers and lakes in tropical and subtropical countries. It contains phytochemicals with beneficial health effects. However, information is scarce on its cytotoxicity. The objective of this study was to determine cytotoxic effects of methanolic leaf extract of the plant in mouse organs. Mice were randomly divided into four groups: Control group A received distilled water 10 ml/kg. Groups B, C, and D received orally plant leaf extract at doses of 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 15 mg/kg respectively per day for 7 days. At the end of day 7 mice …
Antioxidant Potential Of Stingless Bee Honey From Mangrove And Montane Vegetation Types In Tanzania, Christopher Alphonce Mduda, Mkabwa Lawrence Katambo Manoko
Antioxidant Potential Of Stingless Bee Honey From Mangrove And Montane Vegetation Types In Tanzania, Christopher Alphonce Mduda, Mkabwa Lawrence Katambo Manoko
Tanzania Journal of Science
Stingless bee honey is a rich source of antioxidants and is highly regarded in traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments. The antioxidant capacity of honey can be influenced by its origin and the floral resources used by bees. Consequently, this study evaluated the antioxidant potential of stingless bee honey from two vegetation types: montane and mangrove. The honey samples displayed remarkable antioxidant potential, with notable levels of total phenolic content (197.0–263.1 mg GAE/100 g), total flavonoid content (118.5–156.7 mg QE/100 g), ascorbic acid (25.1–30.0 mg/100 g), lycopene (2.8–3.7 mg/100 g), β-carotene (0.8–1.7 mg/100 g), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activity …
Length-Weight Relationship And Condition Factor Of Three Cichlids From The Tono Dam, Ghana, Emmanuel O. Kombat, Elijah D. Angyiereyiri, Sandra A. Atindana, Elliot H. Alhassan
Length-Weight Relationship And Condition Factor Of Three Cichlids From The Tono Dam, Ghana, Emmanuel O. Kombat, Elijah D. Angyiereyiri, Sandra A. Atindana, Elliot H. Alhassan
Tanzania Journal of Science
The length-weight relationship (LWR) and condition factor of three Cichlids, namely, Sarotherodon galilaeus, Coptodon zillii and Oreochromis niloticus from the Tono dam in Ghana, were investigated. A total of 1,870 individuals of the target species were randomly collected from 20 artisanal fishermen using gill nets to fish from January to December 2015. Each species was sorted by sex, and each fish's total length (L) and body weight (W) were measured and recorded. Simple linear regression plots of weight against length were computed, and the slope of the regression line, ‘b’ and intercept of the regression line, ‘a’ of each species …
Modelling The Effects Of Antiretroviral Therapy On Kidney Diseases Among Hiv Infected Individuals In Tanzania, Janeth Pancras Mchwampaka, Eunice Mureithi, Nyimvua Shaban Mbare
Modelling The Effects Of Antiretroviral Therapy On Kidney Diseases Among Hiv Infected Individuals In Tanzania, Janeth Pancras Mchwampaka, Eunice Mureithi, Nyimvua Shaban Mbare
Tanzania Journal of Science
This study examined the role of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the dynamics of kidney diseases among HIV-infected individuals. A deterministic model was formulated for the dynamics of kidney disease in HIV-infected people with HAART as treatment in the model. Numerical simulations showed that though HAART reduces HIV progression to the AIDS stage, there is an increase in HIV-related kidney diseases. Also, the result obtained in this study showed that reducing the effective contact rate of HIV and improving the effectiveness of HAART by 99% in preventing the progression from HIV without symptoms group to HIV-related kidney diseases can …
Geochemical Characterization Of Hydrocarbon Source Rocks In The Jurassic – Cretaceous Ruvu Sub-Basin- Within The Coastal Basin Of Tanzania; Implications For Petroleum Prospecting., Hadija H Maumba, Charles H Kasanzu
Geochemical Characterization Of Hydrocarbon Source Rocks In The Jurassic – Cretaceous Ruvu Sub-Basin- Within The Coastal Basin Of Tanzania; Implications For Petroleum Prospecting., Hadija H Maumba, Charles H Kasanzu
Tanzania Journal of Science
In this study, we characterize hydrocarbon source rocks from the Ruvu sub-basin’s Kiwangwa well-1 using organic matter, total organic carbon (TOC), rock-eval pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance data. Analytical results indicate fair to excellent TOC contents in the sub-basin, a feature suggesting conditions that favor organic matter production and preservation. Kerogen types II to IV are inferred for the Kiwangwa well-1 sediments. Using TOC vs S2 for the Early Jurassic and Triassic of Kiwangwa well -1 at depth intervals, good to very good source rocks are inferred. This suggests high generative organic matter suitable for hydrocarbon production. None generative organic matter …
Assessment Of Reactive Dyeing Of Cotton Using Seawater, Liberato V Haule
Assessment Of Reactive Dyeing Of Cotton Using Seawater, Liberato V Haule
Tanzania Journal of Science
This study investigated the effects of auxiliary chemicals on reactive dyeing of cotton fabric using seawater as an alternative to freshwater. The study involved dyeing of 100% cotton fabric with reactive blue 21 using both fresh and seawater. The effects of Na2SO4, NaCl and Na2CO3 auxiliaries were assessed on dye exhaustion, fixation and colour strength. Reactive dyeing using seawater with a pH 9 which contained Na+ (882.4 mg/L), Cl- (938 mg/L), Ca2+ (1200 mg/L), CO3-2(3000 mg/L), Mg2+(1030 mg/L) and alkalinity (4615 mg/L), resulted in exhaustion rate of 54%, colour strength of 0.098 and fixation rate of 44%. While dyeing using …
Mathematical Analysis Of Monkeypox Transmission Dynamics With Control Strategie, Singo Juma Singo, Furaha Michael Chuma, Zubeda Seif Mussa
Mathematical Analysis Of Monkeypox Transmission Dynamics With Control Strategie, Singo Juma Singo, Furaha Michael Chuma, Zubeda Seif Mussa
Tanzania Journal of Science
This study develops a mathematical model to analyze the transmission dynamics of Monkeypox and evaluate the effectiveness of control strategies. The model is formulated as a system of nonlinear differential equations, capturing key factors such as human-to-human transmission, zoonotic reservoirs, and control measures like vaccination, culling, personal hygiene and treatment. The model's equilibrium points, including the disease-free and endemic equilibria, are determined and analyzed for stability using the effective reproduction number, Re. Conditions under which Re<1 ensure the elimination of Monkeypox, while Re>1 indicates sustained transmission. A sensitivity analysis is performed to identify parameters that significantly influence Re, such as the contact rate, effectiveness of control …
Impact Of Helminth Co-Infections On Clinical Malaria Severity Among Febrile School-Age Children: A Study From Mvomero, Tanzania, Winifrida Kidima, Christopher Kisiringo, Deokary Matiya, Felista Mwingira
Impact Of Helminth Co-Infections On Clinical Malaria Severity Among Febrile School-Age Children: A Study From Mvomero, Tanzania, Winifrida Kidima, Christopher Kisiringo, Deokary Matiya, Felista Mwingira
Tanzania Journal of Science
Helminths may influence clinical malaria severity. The current study examined the impact of helminth infections on malaria severity among children in Mvomero, Tanzania. This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted from 2018-2019. Blood, stool and urine specimens from febrile subjects attending four health facilities in Mvomero were examined for malaria and helminth infection. Overall, 326 febrile children were enrolled. The range and mean ages were 5-17 and 10.2 years, respectively. Of 326 children, 46.8% (n = 153) had Plasmodium falciparum malaria, with prevalence being higher in males than females (p = 0.03). Among positive P. falciparum -infected children, 59.5% had …