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The Economic Determinants Of Crop Diversity On Farms In Rural Bangladesh, S Rahman
The Economic Determinants Of Crop Diversity On Farms In Rural Bangladesh, S Rahman
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The study examines the economic determinants of crop diversity using a survey of 406 farmers located in 21 villages in three agro-ecological regions of Bangladesh. The computed value of diversity indices of crop concentration (Herfindahl), richness (Margalef) and evenness (Shannon) confirm that farming system in Bangladesh is still relatively diverse despite four decades of thrust in the diffusion of a rice-based ‘Green Revolution’ technology. Results reveal that a host of price and non-price factors significantly influence farmers’ decision to diversify. Likelihood of diversification increases with a fall in the prices of fertilizers, animal power services and modern rice and a …
Benthic Foraminifera Assemblages In The Central Barents Sea: An Evaluation Of Combining Live And Total Fauna Studies In Tracking Environmental Change, Mh Saher, Dk Kristensen, M Hald, S Korsun, Ll Jørgensen
Benthic Foraminifera Assemblages In The Central Barents Sea: An Evaluation Of Combining Live And Total Fauna Studies In Tracking Environmental Change, Mh Saher, Dk Kristensen, M Hald, S Korsun, Ll Jørgensen
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
We present living (stained) benthic foraminifera assemblage data in nine surface sediment samples from the central Barents Sea collected in 2005 and 2006. The abundances of 20 selected species are compared to these from previously published total fauna assemblages of nearby samples. Between 1 and 3 total fauna samples from various years (between 1971 and 1992) are compared with the modern (2005 and ’06) samples. The main purpose of the paper is to evaluate the applicability of this comparison. We conclude that, with proper caution, comparing live and total fauna can yield valuable results. Eliminating fragile species, and clustering species …
Impact Of Environmental Production Conditions On Productivity And Efficiency: A Case Study Of Wheat Farmers In Bangladesh, S Rahman, Mk Hasan
Impact Of Environmental Production Conditions On Productivity And Efficiency: A Case Study Of Wheat Farmers In Bangladesh, S Rahman, Mk Hasan
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Environmental conditions significantly affect production, but are often ignored in studies analysing productivity and efficiency leading to biased results. In this study, we examine the influence of selected environmental factors on productivity and efficiency in wheat farming in Bangladesh. Results reveal that environmental production conditions significantly affect the parameters of the production function and technical efficiency, as well as correlates of inefficiency. Controlling for environmental production conditions improves technical efficiency by 4 points (p<0.01) from 86% to 90%. Large farms are more efficient relative to small and medium sized farms (p<0.01 and 0.05), with no variation among regions. Policy implications include soil fertility improvement through soil conservation and crop rotation, improvement in managerial practices through extension services and adoption of modern technologies, promotion of education, strengthening the research-extension link, and development of new varieties that have higher yield potential and are also suitable for marginal areas.
Meeting Report: Risk Assessment Of Tamiflu Use Under Pandemic Conditions, Ac Singer, Bm Howard, Ac Johnson, Cj Knowles, S Jackman, C Accinelli, Ab Caracciolo, I Bernard, S Bird, T Boucard, A Boxall, Jv Brian, E Cartmell, C Chubb, J Churchley, S Costigan, M Crane, Mj Dempsey, B Dorrington, B Ellor, J Fick, J Holmes, T Hutchinson, F Karcher, Sl Kelleher, P Marsden, G Noone, Ma Nunn, J Oxford, T Rachwal, N Roberts, M Roberts, Ml Saccà, M Sanders, Jo Straub, A Terry, D Thomas, S Toovey, R Townsend, N Voulvoulis, C Watts
Meeting Report: Risk Assessment Of Tamiflu Use Under Pandemic Conditions, Ac Singer, Bm Howard, Ac Johnson, Cj Knowles, S Jackman, C Accinelli, Ab Caracciolo, I Bernard, S Bird, T Boucard, A Boxall, Jv Brian, E Cartmell, C Chubb, J Churchley, S Costigan, M Crane, Mj Dempsey, B Dorrington, B Ellor, J Fick, J Holmes, T Hutchinson, F Karcher, Sl Kelleher, P Marsden, G Noone, Ma Nunn, J Oxford, T Rachwal, N Roberts, M Roberts, Ml Saccà, M Sanders, Jo Straub, A Terry, D Thomas, S Toovey, R Townsend, N Voulvoulis, C Watts
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
No abstract provided.
Systems Biology Meets Stress Ecology:: Linking Molecular And Organismal Stress Responses In Daphnia Magna, L-H Heckmann, Rm Sibly, R Connon, Hl Hooper, Th Hutchinson, Sj Maund, Cj Hill, A Bouetard, A Callaghan
Systems Biology Meets Stress Ecology:: Linking Molecular And Organismal Stress Responses In Daphnia Magna, L-H Heckmann, Rm Sibly, R Connon, Hl Hooper, Th Hutchinson, Sj Maund, Cj Hill, A Bouetard, A Callaghan
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
No abstract provided.
Getting Just Deserts? Policing, Governance And Rurality In Western Australia, Richard Yarwood
Getting Just Deserts? Policing, Governance And Rurality In Western Australia, Richard Yarwood
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
This paper examines the perceived shift from police to policing in developed world countries. It focuses on the development of multi-agency policing in rural Western Australia and, using ideas from governance theory, questions whether these partnerships are leading to more inclusive policing and new forms of rural governance. Evidence is taken from the development of a Rural Crime Prevention Strategy and interviews with various stakeholders in rural Australia. It is concluded that multi-agency work does offer a more inclusive way forward but that it is still mainly driven by government, rather than radical changes in rural society and power.
The Geographies Of Policing, R Yarwood
The Geographies Of Policing, R Yarwood
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
No abstract provided.
Soil Fertility And Productivity Relationships In Rice Production System, Bangladesh, S Rahman, Rj Parkinson
Soil Fertility And Productivity Relationships In Rice Production System, Bangladesh, S Rahman, Rj Parkinson
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
This paper presents an econometric analysis of the influence of soil fertility status on productivity and resource use in rice production utilizing survey data from 21 villages in three agro-ecological regions of Bangladesh. Detailed crop husbandry input-output data were collected from 380 paddy rice (Oryza sativa) farmers. Data collected included fertilizer, pesticide, labour, animal power services, irrigation, farm capital assets and rice yield. The soil fertility status in each region was determined by analysis of soil organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration. Analysis was based on a profit function, where the selected soil fertility parameters were incorporated as …
Planktic Foraminifera From The Proposed Gssp For The Oxfordian Stage: Redcliff Point, Near Weymouth, M.B. Hart, T. Aze, W. Hudson, C.W. Smart
Planktic Foraminifera From The Proposed Gssp For The Oxfordian Stage: Redcliff Point, Near Weymouth, M.B. Hart, T. Aze, W. Hudson, C.W. Smart
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
In the course of the stratigraphical and palaeontological investigations for the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Oxfordian Stage at Recicliff (near Weymouth) an assemblage of planktic foraminifera has been described. Planktic foraminifera are exceptionally rare in the Jurassic of the United Kingdom and only a few records have been reported in the last few years. At Redcliff, the assemblage is preserved as pyrite steinkerns, but the fauna contains a number of morphotypes which match onto known species from this interval (Globuligerina oxfordiana, Compactogerina stellapolaris) while others have no described species to which they can …
Managing Fisheries Resources In Kaptai Reservoir, Bangladesh, Kku Ahmed, S Rahman, Su Ahammed
Managing Fisheries Resources In Kaptai Reservoir, Bangladesh, Kku Ahmed, S Rahman, Su Ahammed
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
This paper examines the various challenges facing the development of fisheries resources in Kaptai reservoir, Bangladesh. The reservoir has undergone major changes in its catch composition since impoundment. Production records show a declining trend in the productivity of high-value fish. A host of managerial, socioeconomic and environmental factors are responsible for the underutilization of the reservoir's potential to provide high-value freshwater fish. These include deterioration of the natural breeding ground, environmental damage, poor implementation of regulations, inefficient fish farming technology and poor management practices. These constraints are discussed and possibilities for future improvements are suggested.
Screening And Testing For Endocrine Disruption In Fish—Biomarkers As “Signposts,” Not “Traffic Lights,” In Risk Assessment, Th Hutchinson, Gt Ankley, H Segner, Cr Tyler
Screening And Testing For Endocrine Disruption In Fish—Biomarkers As “Signposts,” Not “Traffic Lights,” In Risk Assessment, Th Hutchinson, Gt Ankley, H Segner, Cr Tyler
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
No abstract provided.
Expression Of Target And Reference Genes In Daphnia Magna Exposed To Ibuprofen., L-H Heckmann, R Connon, Th Hutchinson, Sj Maund, Rm Sibly, A Callaghan
Expression Of Target And Reference Genes In Daphnia Magna Exposed To Ibuprofen., L-H Heckmann, R Connon, Th Hutchinson, Sj Maund, Rm Sibly, A Callaghan
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
No abstract provided.
Simultaneous Determination Of Dissolved Organic Carbon And Total Dissolved Nitrogen On A Coupled High-Temperature Combustion Total Organic Carbon-Nitrogen Chemiluminescence Detection (Htc Toc-Ncd) System, X Pan, R Sanders, Ad Tappin, Pj Worsfold, Ep Achterberg
Simultaneous Determination Of Dissolved Organic Carbon And Total Dissolved Nitrogen On A Coupled High-Temperature Combustion Total Organic Carbon-Nitrogen Chemiluminescence Detection (Htc Toc-Ncd) System, X Pan, R Sanders, Ad Tappin, Pj Worsfold, Ep Achterberg
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The marine biogeochemistries of carbon and nitrogen have come under increased scrutiny because of their close involvement in climate change and coastal eutrophication. Recent studies have shown that the high-temperature combustion (HTC) technique is suitable for routine analyses of dissolved organic matter due to its good oxidation efficiency, high sensitivity, and precision. In our laboratory, a coupled HTC TOC-NCD system with a sample changer was used for the automated and simultaneous determination of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) in seawater samples. TOC control software was used for TOC instrument control, DOC data acquisition, and data analysis. …
Design Of An Automated Flow Injection-Chemiluminescence Instrument Incorporating A Miniature Photomultiplier Tube For Monitoring Picomolar Concentrations Of Iron In Seawater, Ar Bowie, Ep Achterberg, S Ussher, Pj Worsfold
Design Of An Automated Flow Injection-Chemiluminescence Instrument Incorporating A Miniature Photomultiplier Tube For Monitoring Picomolar Concentrations Of Iron In Seawater, Ar Bowie, Ep Achterberg, S Ussher, Pj Worsfold
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
No abstract provided.
Effects Of Ammonium Perchlorate On Thyroid Function In Developing Fathead Minnows, Pimephales Promelas, Hm Crane, Db Pickford, Th Hutchinson, Ja Brown
Effects Of Ammonium Perchlorate On Thyroid Function In Developing Fathead Minnows, Pimephales Promelas, Hm Crane, Db Pickford, Th Hutchinson, Ja Brown
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
No abstract provided.
Geography, Citizenship And Volunteering: Some Uses Of The Higher Education Active Community Fund In Geography, Richard Yarwood
Geography, Citizenship And Volunteering: Some Uses Of The Higher Education Active Community Fund In Geography, Richard Yarwood
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Voluntary work with local communities has been advocated as beneficial for geography students, higher education institutions and the public. In England, the Higher Education Active Community Fund (HEACF) has recently been established by the Government to encourage staff and students in higher education to undertake voluntary work in local communities. This paper reports on the use of HEACF funding to develop voluntary work projects for geography students at the University of Plymouth. It examines the student experience of voluntary working and concludes that it helps students to develop as both geographers and active citizens in their local communities.
Using Tracer Based Sediment Budgets To Assess Redistribution Of Soil And Organic Material After Severe Bush Fires., Pj Wallbrink, W Blake, Sh Doerr, Ra Shakesby, Gs Humphreys, P English
Using Tracer Based Sediment Budgets To Assess Redistribution Of Soil And Organic Material After Severe Bush Fires., Pj Wallbrink, W Blake, Sh Doerr, Ra Shakesby, Gs Humphreys, P English
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
No abstract provided.
Environmental Impacts Of Technological Change In Bangladesh Agriculture: Farmers' Perceptions, Determinants, And Effects On Resource Allocation Decisions, S Rahman
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
This article measures the impact of modern technology adoption in raising farmers' environmental awareness and the impact of farmers' environmental awareness on resource use by utilizing survey data from 21 villages in three agro‐ecological regions of Bangladesh. The econometric analysis is based on the application of the Tobit model explaining farmers' environmental awareness in the first stage and a profit function examining environmental awareness and resource use relationships in the second stage. Results reveal that the “level” and “duration” of involvement with modern technology raises farmers' environmental awareness, and that farmers' environmental awareness reduces resource use including chemicals. Farmers, who …
Late Hercynian Leucogranites Modelling As Deduced From New Gravity Data : The Example Of The Millevaches Massif (Massif Central, France), A Gebelin, G Martelet, M Brunel, M Faure, P Rossi
Late Hercynian Leucogranites Modelling As Deduced From New Gravity Data : The Example Of The Millevaches Massif (Massif Central, France), A Gebelin, G Martelet, M Brunel, M Faure, P Rossi
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The Millevaches granitic complex, located in the northern part of the French Massif Central, is elongated in a N-S direction, perpendicular to the main E-W trend of the Hercynian belt. It is affected on its limits and in its core by several ductile shear zones that have necessarily played a great role in the emplacement and exhumation of the massif. Based on gravity modelling and recent field observations, this study intends to highlight the massif structure at depth and discuss its mode of emplacement and relations with the surrounding terrains. The new gravity and density measurements on the north-east part …
Management Of Marine Wildlife Disturbance, C. Kelly, G. A. Glegg, C. D. Speedie
Management Of Marine Wildlife Disturbance, C. Kelly, G. A. Glegg, C. D. Speedie
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
In recent years, concerns have been raised about the health and status of a range of marine species in UK waters, including the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus). Disturbance and harassment from increasing inshore leisure traffic and a fascinated public have been identified as potential threats to these large marine species. This concern is coupled with a legislative framework that is perceived to be less effective in protecting key species than it could be, and difficult to enforce. This study examined the extent of anthropogenic disturbance to a range of marine wildlife in inshore waters around …
A Stochastic Frontier Approach To Total Factor Productivity Measurement In Bangladesh Crop Agriculture, 1961–1992, T Coelli, S Rahman, C Thirtle
A Stochastic Frontier Approach To Total Factor Productivity Measurement In Bangladesh Crop Agriculture, 1961–1992, T Coelli, S Rahman, C Thirtle
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
This paper applies a stochastic production frontier model to measure total factor productivity growth, technical efficiency change and technological change in Bangladesh crop agriculture for the 31 observations from 1960/61 to 1991/92, using data for 16 regions. The results reveal that technical change followed a U‐shaped pattern, rising from the early 1970s, when the green revolution varieties were adopted, giving an overall rate of technical progress at 0.27 per cent per year. However, technical efficiency declined throughout, at an estimated annual rate of 0.47 per cent. The combined effect of slow technical progress, dominated by the fall in technical efficiency …
High-Resolution Laboratory Lysimeter For Automated Sampling Of Tracers Through A 0.5m Soil Block, A Johnson, Tj Mathews, Gp Matthews, D Patel, Pj Vorsfold, Kn Andrew
High-Resolution Laboratory Lysimeter For Automated Sampling Of Tracers Through A 0.5m Soil Block, A Johnson, Tj Mathews, Gp Matthews, D Patel, Pj Vorsfold, Kn Andrew
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
No abstract provided.
Profit Efficiency Among Bangladeshi Rice Farmers, S Rahman
Profit Efficiency Among Bangladeshi Rice Farmers, S Rahman
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Production inefficiency is usually analyzed by its three components-technical, allocative, and scale efficiency. In this study, we provide a direct measure of production efficiency of the Bangladeshi rice farmers using a stochastic profit frontier and inefficiency effects model. The data, which are for 1996, include seven conventional inputs and several other background factors affecting production of modern or high yielding varieties (HYVs) of rice spread across 21 villages in three agro-ecological regions of Bangladesh. The results show that there are high levels of inefficiency in modern rice cultivation. The mean level of profit efficiency is 77% suggesting that an estimated …
Farm-Level Pesticide Use In Bangladesh: Determinants And Awareness, S Rahman
Farm-Level Pesticide Use In Bangladesh: Determinants And Awareness, S Rahman
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Farmers' awareness of beneficial and harmful effects of pesticides and factors determining use of pesticides were analyzed using survey data from 21 villages in three agro-ecological regions of Bangladesh. Pesticide cost accounts for about 7.7% of the gross value of output in cotton, 3.6% in vegetables, 2.5% in potato, 1.8% in modern rice, 1.6% in spices and less than 1% in other cereal and non-cereal crops. About 77% of farmers (highest 94% in Comilla) used pesticides at least once (37% applied once and 31% applied twice, and the rest applied for 3-5 times) in a crop season. Cultivation of traditional …
Environmental Impacts Of Modern Agricultural Technology Diffusion In Bangladesh: An Analysis Of Farmers' Perceptions And Their Determinants, S Rahman
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Farmers' perception of the environmental impacts of modern agricultural technology diffusion and factors determining such awareness were examined using survey data from 21 villages in three agro-ecological regions of Bangladesh. Results reveal that farmers are well aware of the adverse environmental impacts of modern agricultural technology, although their awareness remains confined within visible impacts such as soil fertility, fish catches, and health effects. Their perception of intangible impacts such as, toxicity in water and soils is weak. Level and duration of modern agricultural technology adoption directly influence awareness of its adverse effects. Education and extension contacts also play an important …
Performance Of Fisheries Sector Planning In Bangladesh, S Rahman, Kk Ahmed
Performance Of Fisheries Sector Planning In Bangladesh, S Rahman, Kk Ahmed
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The overall planning performance of the fisheries sector in Bangladesh over the past three decades was evaluated. Performance has been unsatisfactory largely due to contiguous overestimation of the planning targets and the existence of serious financial, technological, institutional and social constraints. Despite the remarkable growth in export earnings and a stable GDP contribution of 3.2–5.6%, budget allocations remained extremely low (0.7–1.4% of total outlay) in subsequent plan periods. Production from marine fisheries performed satisfactorily with slow growth in recent years, while inland fisheries with initial poor performance showed improvements from the mid-1980s owing to increased productivity in culture fisheries, particularly …
Integrated Luminometer For The Determination Of Trace Metals In Seawater Using Fluorescence, Phosphorescence And Chemiluminescence Detection, Pj Worsfold, Ep Achterberg, Ar Bowie, V Cannizzaro, S Charles, Jm Costa, F Dubois, R Pereiro, Vicente B San, A Sanz-Medel, R Vandeloise, Donckt E Vander, P Wollast, S Yunus
Integrated Luminometer For The Determination Of Trace Metals In Seawater Using Fluorescence, Phosphorescence And Chemiluminescence Detection, Pj Worsfold, Ep Achterberg, Ar Bowie, V Cannizzaro, S Charles, Jm Costa, F Dubois, R Pereiro, Vicente B San, A Sanz-Medel, R Vandeloise, Donckt E Vander, P Wollast, S Yunus
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
No abstract provided.
Women's Employment In Bangladesh Agriculture: Composition, Determinants And Scope, S Rahman
Women's Employment In Bangladesh Agriculture: Composition, Determinants And Scope, S Rahman
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Gender composition of labour use and factors determining demand and supply of female labour in crop production is examined using survey data from 14 villages in two agro-ecological regions of Bangladesh. The share of women in labour use ranges between 11-18% in foodgrain (rice and wheat) and 14-48% in non-cereal (highest for vegetables) production. Incidence of female labour hire is very low and varies directly with land size classes while supply from family varies inversely. Cultivation of diverse crops (local and modern varieties of rice, jute, oilseeds and vegetables), education as well as women's ownership of land increases demand for …
Pesticide Demand Among Hybrid Vegetable And Cereal Seed Producers In Bangladesh: A Simultaneous Equation Analysis, S Rahman, Mz Hossain
Pesticide Demand Among Hybrid Vegetable And Cereal Seed Producers In Bangladesh: A Simultaneous Equation Analysis, S Rahman, Mz Hossain
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Demand for pesticides, inorganic and organic fertilizers were jointly estimated using survey data from a randomly selected 81 BRAC ‘contract hybrid vegetables and cereal seed growers’ in northwestern Bangladesh applying a simultaneous equation framework. Pesticide cost accounts for 6.9% of the gross value of output in hybrid seeds of vegetables and 3.2% in cereals. About 87% of farmers used pesticides at least once with mean number of application of 4.4 times. Twenty-seven brands of pesticides were used including a substantial number of banned pesticides. Price elasticity of demand for pesticides, fertilizers and biofertilizers were estimated at –0.83, –0.21 and –1.13, …
Ecological Risk Assessment Of Endocrine Disruptors, Th Hutchinson, R Brown, Ke Brugger, Pm Campbell, M Holt, R Länge, P Mccahon, Lj Tattersfield, Egmond R Van
Ecological Risk Assessment Of Endocrine Disruptors, Th Hutchinson, R Brown, Ke Brugger, Pm Campbell, M Holt, R Länge, P Mccahon, Lj Tattersfield, Egmond R Van
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
No abstract provided.