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The Effect Of H1 Calponin Expression On Gallstone Formation In Pregnancy, Ding Youming, Wang Bin, Wang Weixing, Wang Binghua, Luo Ruoyu, Cheng Bangchang
The Effect Of H1 Calponin Expression On Gallstone Formation In Pregnancy, Ding Youming, Wang Bin, Wang Weixing, Wang Binghua, Luo Ruoyu, Cheng Bangchang
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of h1 calponin mRNA expression on the biliary tract dynamics, and investigate the molecular mechanisms of gallstone formation in pregnancy. METHODS: This study was carried out in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, and in the Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China from July to December 2004. Thirty female guinea pigs were divided randomly into 3 groups, the nonpregnant group (n=10) (group A), the 30 days of pregnancy group (n=10) (group B), and the 60 days of pregnancy group (n=10) (group C). Animal models of pregnancy were established on …
Suspected Acute Appendicitis In Female Patients. Trends In Diagnosis In Emergency Department In A University Hospital In Western Region Of Saudi Arabia, Fatma K. Althoubaity
Suspected Acute Appendicitis In Female Patients. Trends In Diagnosis In Emergency Department In A University Hospital In Western Region Of Saudi Arabia, Fatma K. Althoubaity
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To determine the negative appendectomy rate; utilization, accuracy of Alvarado scale, ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT) in diagnosis of acute appendicitis. METHODS: Hospital records of 124 female patients admitted for suspicious of acute appendicitis from January 2003 - January 2004 to the Emergency Department (ED) at King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia were reviewed retrospectively. We reviewed the age of patients, clinical presentation, Alvarado scale, US, CT, histopathological diagnosis of appendicular specimen. RESULTS: A total of 124 female patients aged 6-64 years were presented to ED with right iliac fossa pain. Of the total, 103 patients have appendectomies …
Emergency General Surgical Admissions. Prospective Institutional Experience In Non-Traumatic Acute Abdomen: Implications For Education, Training And Service, Abdulmohsen A. Al-Mulhim
Emergency General Surgical Admissions. Prospective Institutional Experience In Non-Traumatic Acute Abdomen: Implications For Education, Training And Service, Abdulmohsen A. Al-Mulhim
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To assess the pattern of non-traumatic acute abdomen (NTAA) in emergency general surgical admissions in Saudi Arabia (SA) and highlight the implications for education, training and patient care. METHODS: A prospective study including all emergency general surgical admissions with NTAA at King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, SA over a 2-year period from October 2001 to September 2003. RESULTS: There were 3,706 general surgical admissions; 1,661 (45%) electives and 2,045 (55%) emergencies. A total of 1,096 admissions (mean age 27.6 years, 73% males) with NTAA were analyzed. Acute appendicitis was the most common diagnosis (47%), followed by non-specific …
Does The Anatomical Localization Of Lower Extremity Venous Diseases Affect The Quality Of Life?, Ganime Sadikoglu, Alis Ozcakir, Ilker Ercan, Caner Yildiz, Yurtkuran Sadikoglu
Does The Anatomical Localization Of Lower Extremity Venous Diseases Affect The Quality Of Life?, Ganime Sadikoglu, Alis Ozcakir, Ilker Ercan, Caner Yildiz, Yurtkuran Sadikoglu
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of venous diseases at different anatomical localizations on the qualities of life of patients with varicose veins. METHODS: The study included 354 cases, which was referred to a private vascular and interventional radiology center in Bursa, Turkey between January 2005 to January 2006. The cases were diagnosed with visual inspection and were clinically indicative of varicose veins. Color Doppler ultrasonography was used to radiologically examine the varicose veins. All cases were accepted as class II criteria according to the Clinical, Etiologic, Anatomic, Pathophysiologic classification. The generic Short Form Health Survey-36 (SF-36) was used to measure …
Risk Factors For Urinary Incontinence In Turkish Women. A Cross-Sectional Study, Tuncay M. Filiz, Cefariye Uludag, Nursan Cinar, Suleyman Gorpelioglu, Pinar Topsever
Risk Factors For Urinary Incontinence In Turkish Women. A Cross-Sectional Study, Tuncay M. Filiz, Cefariye Uludag, Nursan Cinar, Suleyman Gorpelioglu, Pinar Topsever
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between conventional risk factors and urinary leakage among a random sample of adult Turkish women. METHODS: Six hundred and fifty patients (mean age 33.2 ± 10.6 years; range 17-65 years) attending 6 Primary Health Care Centers in the Eastern Marmara Region, Turkey were randomly enrolled in this study, between September 2005 and December 2005. After signing their informed consent, all patients filled in a questionnaire consisting of questions inquiring any kind of urinary leakage, related symptomatology and personal medical history. RESULTS: One hundred and six women (16.4%) with urinary incontinence (UI) were reported. The most …
Inflammatory Responses After Laparoscopic Uterine Myomectomy Compared To Open Surgery In Current Clinical Practice, Zdenek Holub, Antonin Jabor, Lev Kliment, Ludek Sprongl
Inflammatory Responses After Laparoscopic Uterine Myomectomy Compared To Open Surgery In Current Clinical Practice, Zdenek Holub, Antonin Jabor, Lev Kliment, Ludek Sprongl
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To determine the differences in inflammatory response and clinical outcome of current clinical practice in women undergoing laparoscopic myomectomy (LM) and abdominal myomectomy (AM) for symptomatic fibroid. METHODS: A total of 36 women entered the study between October 2004 to June 2005 at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics and the Endoscopy Training Center at the Baby Friendly Hospital in Kladno, Czech Republic, based upon an ultrasonographic assessment size of dominant fibroid (DM) before surgery. All women were allocated to one of 2 groups: group 1 (n=17), DM <6 cm and treated with LM, and group 2 (n=19) DM >/-6 cm, treated with open myomectomy. Surgical characteristics, hospital stay and …
The Significance Of Documenting Clinical Appearance Of The Uterine Cervix In The Cervical Cytology Form, Hanan M.F. Al-Kadri, Ali H. Hajeer, Nadia S. Al-Hawashim, Hany H. Salem
The Significance Of Documenting Clinical Appearance Of The Uterine Cervix In The Cervical Cytology Form, Hanan M.F. Al-Kadri, Ali H. Hajeer, Nadia S. Al-Hawashim, Hany H. Salem
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether or not the Pap smear taker is reporting the clinical appearance of the cervix on the cytology request form, and if cytologist / smear taker are giving any importance to this information prior to issuing advice on subsequent follow-up. Finally, to evaluate the clinicians9 response to normal Pap smear report in the absence of the clinical comment on the cervix. METHODS: A retrospective study, for a total of 1196 random smear results performed between 1999 and 2000 at King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with its relevant charts were evaluated. The samples …
Serum Malondialdehyde Level In Patients With Cystic Echinococcosis, Ismail S. Koltas, Guzide Yucebilgic, Ramazan Bilgin, Cem K. Parsak, Gurhan Sakman
Serum Malondialdehyde Level In Patients With Cystic Echinococcosis, Ismail S. Koltas, Guzide Yucebilgic, Ramazan Bilgin, Cem K. Parsak, Gurhan Sakman
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level for the oxidative stress hypothesis in patients with cystic echinococcosis (CE). METHODS: The study was conducted on patients with CE before the surgical treatment. Anti-Echinococcus granulosus antibodies were determined by serological method. We assayed MDA activities measured of 57 subjects and matched in 45 healthy controls. This study took place in the Faculty of Medicine, University of Cukurova, Balcali Hospital in Adana, Turkey, between March 2004 and October 2005. RESULTS: The mean ± SD of MDA levels of patients with CE was 6.70 ± 1.66 and healthy controls was 2.53 …
Risk Factors For Nosocomial Candiduria, Selma Guler, Onur Ural, Duygu Findik, Ugur Arslan
Risk Factors For Nosocomial Candiduria, Selma Guler, Onur Ural, Duygu Findik, Ugur Arslan
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk factors and the Candida species that cause candiduria in hospitalized patients via a case-control study. METHODS: We evaluated the results of the urine analysis of the specimens sent to the laboratories of Central Microbiology and the Department of Clinical Bacteriology and Infectious Diseases of Selcuk University Medical School, Konya, Turkey between January and December 2004. The urinary specimens, sent from hospitalized patients, obtained within 72 hours were evaluated. A total of 51 patients above 17 years of age, without any bacterial growth in urine specimens, with fever above 38 degrees celcius and pyuria were included …
Clinical Presentations And Laboratory Findings In Suspected Cases Of Dengue Virus, Ali K. Ageep, Aml A. Malik, Mubarak S. Elkarsani
Clinical Presentations And Laboratory Findings In Suspected Cases Of Dengue Virus, Ali K. Ageep, Aml A. Malik, Mubarak S. Elkarsani
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical presentations and laboratory findings of patients presented with fever in a Hospital in Portsudan, Sudan and to detect dengue virus antibodies in their blood. METHODS: This study was carried in Almwani Hospital during the period from April to July 2005. Eighty-four patients were included in this hospital-based study. All of them had fever. Their blood films, Widal tests for typhoid, stools and urine investigations were normal. The clinical data were collected using questionnaires. Two samples of blood were taken. One was for general hematological investigation (white blood cell and platelets count), while serum was taken …
Retrospective Analysis Of Intestinal Parasitic Infections Diagnosed At A University Hospital In Central, Saudi Arabia, Ibrahim S. Alkhalife
Retrospective Analysis Of Intestinal Parasitic Infections Diagnosed At A University Hospital In Central, Saudi Arabia, Ibrahim S. Alkhalife
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To review the intestinal parasites diagnosed in a university hospital in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of intestinal parasitic infections reported in patients visiting at King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), Riyadh, KSA from 1996 to 2003. Information regarding positive cases detected during the study period was collected from the hospital records, using the Hospital Information System database of KKUH. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: During this period, stools examination was carried out for a total of 63,892 patients, 1480 (2.3%) were positive for different …
Immunity Status In Children With Bacille Calmette-Guerin Adenitis. A Prospective Study In Tehran, Iran, Noorbakhsh Samileh, Siadati Ahmad, Ashtiani Farzaneh, Rimaz Shahnaz, Fereidoni Lida, Nikbin Mohammad
Immunity Status In Children With Bacille Calmette-Guerin Adenitis. A Prospective Study In Tehran, Iran, Noorbakhsh Samileh, Siadati Ahmad, Ashtiani Farzaneh, Rimaz Shahnaz, Fereidoni Lida, Nikbin Mohammad
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To determine the immunity status of children with Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) lymphadenitis (patient group) and unaffected children (control group) in Iran. METHODS: We performed this longitudinal case-control study on 75 children between 2 months to 14 years old in Rasool Akram and Markaz Tebbi Hospital, Tehran, Iran during the period of 2 years (2000-2002). RESULTS: Ninety percent of patients had normal immunoglobulin, 10% had low level, 96.1% had normal nitro blue tetrazolium test and 3.9% had lower activity. There was a significant difference in the total lymphocyte CD3, CD8, CD19, CD16/CD56 and natural killers (NK) cell but no significant …
Prevalence Of Retinopathy In Hypertensive Patients, Mohammad R. Besharati, Abolghasem Rastegar, Mohammad R. Shoja, Mahmood E. Maybodi
Prevalence Of Retinopathy In Hypertensive Patients, Mohammad R. Besharati, Abolghasem Rastegar, Mohammad R. Shoja, Mahmood E. Maybodi
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of retinopathy in hypertensive patients referred to a teaching hospital in Yazd, Iran. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 213 hypertensive patients referring to a teaching hospital in Yazd, Iran between November 2004 and June 2005. Data were collected using a questionnaire after an interview and ocular examination. Demographic variables, hypertensive retinopathy, familial history of hypertension, duration of diagnosis, and other hypertension side effects such as cardiac, renal, cerebro-vascular complications were analyzed. The Scheie9s staging system was used for retinopathy grading. RESULTS: A total of 213 patients (95 men, 118 women) with high blood pressure aged …
Breast Cancer. Knowledge, Attitudes And Practices Of Breast Self Examination Among Women In Qassim Region Of Saudi Arabia, Saulat Jahan, Abdullah M. Al-Saigul, Muzamil H. Abdelgadir
Breast Cancer. Knowledge, Attitudes And Practices Of Breast Self Examination Among Women In Qassim Region Of Saudi Arabia, Saulat Jahan, Abdullah M. Al-Saigul, Muzamil H. Abdelgadir
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of women in Qassim region regarding breast self examination (BSE), and also to explore their level of knowledge regarding breast cancer. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey during the period from May to June 2005, among Saudi female patients attending the Primary Health Care Centers of Qassim region. A total of 300 females, 20-70 years of age, were interviewed in 10 randomly selected primary health care centers. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 36.2 ± 10.2 years, and 70.7% of them were literate. Regarding the knowledge of risk factors, 76% …
Osteoarthritis Of Knees And Obesity In Eastern Saudi Arabia, Abdullah I. Ismail, Ahmed H. Al-Abdulwahab, Abdulrahman S. Al-Mulhim
Osteoarthritis Of Knees And Obesity In Eastern Saudi Arabia, Abdullah I. Ismail, Ahmed H. Al-Abdulwahab, Abdulrahman S. Al-Mulhim
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To find out the prevalence and relation between osteoarthritis of knees and obesity in Al-Ahsa region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). METHODS: The study included 243 male and female patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis of knees between June 2001 to March 2003. All patients were recruited from the Physical Therapy Department, King Fahd Hofuf Hospital, Hofuf, KSA. The clinical diagnosis was supported by plain x-rays of knees, and of other joint if needed. The weight and height of all patients were taken using one standard weight and height scale, and body mass index was also calculated and recorded. RESULTS: More …
Septal Graft In Laryngeal Reconstruction, Abdulrahman Bahannan, Ales Slavicek, Milos Taudy, Martin Chovanec
Septal Graft In Laryngeal Reconstruction, Abdulrahman Bahannan, Ales Slavicek, Milos Taudy, Martin Chovanec
Saudi Medical Journal
A 62-year-old woman presented with symptoms of dyspnea. Ultrasonography and computed tomography examinations revealed mass extending from the cricoid cartilage to the left lobe of thyroid gland and thyroid cartilage. Cytology revealed possibility of cartilaginous origin, which was proven to be chondrosarcoma Grade 1 from the biopsy specimen obtained during panendoscopy. She underwent one stage radical resection and immediate reconstruction of laryngeal skeleton defect by mucocartilaginous graft from the nasal septum. Her postoperative course was optimal with preservation of all the laryngeal functions. Twenty-eight months postoperatively, she had to undergo total laryngectomy as a salvage procedure for the advanced local …
Computers And Daily Bedside Rounds In The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Shabih Manzar
Computers And Daily Bedside Rounds In The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Shabih Manzar
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
General Practice Is Still An Inferior Medical Specialty In Greece, Constantinos C. Mihas, Alevizos Alevizos, Mohamed Natzar, Anargiros D. Mariolis
General Practice Is Still An Inferior Medical Specialty In Greece, Constantinos C. Mihas, Alevizos Alevizos, Mohamed Natzar, Anargiros D. Mariolis
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
A Clinician’S Handbook Of Child And Adolescent Psychiatry
A Clinician’S Handbook Of Child And Adolescent Psychiatry
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Wound Healing Activities Of Bark Extract Of Jatropha Curcas Linn In Albino Rats, Somashekar Shetty, Saraswati L. Udupa, Alaya L. Udupa, Venkata R. Vollala
Wound Healing Activities Of Bark Extract Of Jatropha Curcas Linn In Albino Rats, Somashekar Shetty, Saraswati L. Udupa, Alaya L. Udupa, Venkata R. Vollala
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the wound-healing properties of crude bark extract of Jatropha curcas Linn in Wistar albino rats. METHODS: This work was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India, in the year 2005. We divided the animals into 3 groups of 12 each. Group I was saline control without wound, group II was animals treated with JC extract in the dose of 2 ml/kg body weight with wound and group III was animals treated with 4 ml/kg body weight with wound. The wound healing parameters like wound breaking strength, …
Environmental Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma In Southeast Turkey, Abdullah C. Tanrikulu, Abdulrahman Senyigit, Canan E. Dagli, Cenk Babayigit, Abdurrahman Abakay
Environmental Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma In Southeast Turkey, Abdullah C. Tanrikulu, Abdulrahman Senyigit, Canan E. Dagli, Cenk Babayigit, Abdurrahman Abakay
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Dietary Intake And Nutritional Status Of Turkish Pregnant Women During Ramadan, Taher Q. Al-Dabbagh
Dietary Intake And Nutritional Status Of Turkish Pregnant Women During Ramadan, Taher Q. Al-Dabbagh
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Etiologic Agents Of Cervicovaginitis In Turkish Women, Cihadiye E. Ozturk, Ismail Ozdemir, Tevfik Yavuz, Demet Kaya, Mustafa Behcet
Etiologic Agents Of Cervicovaginitis In Turkish Women, Cihadiye E. Ozturk, Ismail Ozdemir, Tevfik Yavuz, Demet Kaya, Mustafa Behcet
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution of microbiologic agents causing cervicovaginitis. METHODS: We conducted the study between October 2002 and December 2004 in Abant Izzet Baysal University, Duzce School of Medicine Hospital, Turkey. The samples were obtained from the posterior vaginal fornix and cervix by swabs in 828 patients. Direct microscopic examination, culture and enzyme immune assay (EIA) methods were performed in all patients for diagnosis of microbiologic agents. RESULTS: Gardnerella vaginalis (G. vaginalis) were diagnosed in 254 (30.7%) patients, Candida albicans (C. albicans) in 152 (18.4%), Candida glabrata (C. glabrata) in 36 (4.3%), Candida species in 52 (6.3%), Staphylococcus aureus …
Prevalence Of Anti-Hepatitis B And Anti-Hepatitis A Antibodies Among School Aged Children In Western Saudi Arabia, Soad M. Jaber
Prevalence Of Anti-Hepatitis B And Anti-Hepatitis A Antibodies Among School Aged Children In Western Saudi Arabia, Soad M. Jaber
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To determine the seroprevalence of antibodies to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) among children in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and to evaluate the need of anti-HAV mass vaccination. METHODS: This study was carried out on random samples of schools located at different regions in Jeddah, KSA during the year 2004. A total of 527 sera, (285 males and 242 females), collected from children aged (4-14 years) were tested for anti-hepatitis B surface (antigen) (HBsAb) and anti-HAV viruses antibodies by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay technique. RESULTS: Approximately 98% of children received HBV while 49% …
Outcome Of Occlusion Treatment For Strabismic Amblyopia In Children Below 12 Years Old, Huda S. Al-Mahdi, Abdulbari Bener
Outcome Of Occlusion Treatment For Strabismic Amblyopia In Children Below 12 Years Old, Huda S. Al-Mahdi, Abdulbari Bener
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Abnormal Intra-Parotid Origin Of The Facial Artery, Satheesha Nayak
Abnormal Intra-Parotid Origin Of The Facial Artery, Satheesha Nayak
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Brain Natriuretic Peptide In Heart Failure And Beyond, Mohammad M. Mowla, Basem B. Bustami
Brain Natriuretic Peptide In Heart Failure And Beyond, Mohammad M. Mowla, Basem B. Bustami
Saudi Medical Journal
Hospital admissions with heart failure (HF) are increasing worldwide. It is the main reason for hospitalization of elderly patients. Heart failure affects nearly 15% of patients aged >75 years. Prognosis after diagnosis of HF is comparable to that of cancers with 50% survival after 4 years of mild HF and 50% after one year in more severe cases. Current data increasingly suggest that measurement of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is very useful in diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and risk stratification of patients with HF and beyond. This paper reviews the available literature concerning the BNP and N-terminal pro brain-type natriuretic peptide …
Effects Of Melatonin And Zinc On Glycemic Control In Type 2 Diabetic Patients Poorly Controlled With Metformin, Saad A. Hussain, Haitham M. Khadim, Ban H. Khalaf, Sajida H. Ismail, Khalid I. Hussein, Ahmed S. Sahib
Effects Of Melatonin And Zinc On Glycemic Control In Type 2 Diabetic Patients Poorly Controlled With Metformin, Saad A. Hussain, Haitham M. Khadim, Ban H. Khalaf, Sajida H. Ismail, Khalid I. Hussein, Ahmed S. Sahib
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: This project was designed to evaluate the effects of melatonin and zinc on the glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with inadequate response to the oral hypoglycemic agent metformin. METHODS: A placebo controlled, double-blind clinical trial was performed at the Specialized Center for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Al-Rusafa Directorate of Health, Baghdad, Iraq during the period from February to July 2005, in which 46 type 2 diabetic patients were selected and allocated into 3 groups, these groups were treated with single daily oral doses of both 10 mg melatonin and 50 mg zinc acetate alone; 10 mg …
Causes And Outcome Of Medication Errors In Hospitalized Patients, Huda M. Dibbi, Hanan F. Al-Abrashy, Waleed A. Hussain, Mohammad I. Fatani, Talal M. Karima
Causes And Outcome Of Medication Errors In Hospitalized Patients, Huda M. Dibbi, Hanan F. Al-Abrashy, Waleed A. Hussain, Mohammad I. Fatani, Talal M. Karima
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To develop better understanding of Medication Errors (MEs) in the health care sector, and to improve the error prevention services in the hospital. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study at the Hera General Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. The medical records were reviewed for adult hospitalized patients from June 1, 2000 to June 30, 2002. Patients demographic data, types, and causes of MEs, were recorded. The contributing factors, frequency and patient9s outcome were also analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 2627 patient files were analyzed, 3963 errors were studied as follows: 1559 files contain one error, 800 files with 2 errors, …
Cervical Cancer Screening With Pattern Of Pap Smear. Review Of Multicenter Studies, Fadwa J. Altaf
Cervical Cancer Screening With Pattern Of Pap Smear. Review Of Multicenter Studies, Fadwa J. Altaf
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the frequency of abnormal cervical smears and to compare the findings with earlier reported data from Saudi Arabia. METHODS: The study was divided into 2 parts. The prospective part was conducted at King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital and a private laboratory by using the Bethesda System criteria and diagnostic entities in evaluating all the pap smears that were received during the period of January 2000 to December 2004. All reliable published literature on pap smear performed at different hospitals from 1990-2004, from the Western and Abha regions of Saudi Arabia were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 5132 …