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Secular Trend Of Infant Mortality Rate During Wars And Sanctions In Western Iraq., Zaid R. Al-Ani, Sahar J. Al-Hiali, Hussain H. Al-Farraji
Secular Trend Of Infant Mortality Rate During Wars And Sanctions In Western Iraq., Zaid R. Al-Ani, Sahar J. Al-Hiali, Hussain H. Al-Farraji
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVES: To study the infant mortality rate (IMR) trend during wars and sanction periods in Western Iraq. METHODS: Data collected from the birth and death certificates of Haditha Health Vital Statistics Center, Haditha city (80,000 population), Western Iraq, included name, age, gender, residence, and infant9s place and date of births and deaths, in 5 different sanction and war stages of the country from 1987 to 2010, in a study period from July to December, 2010. The IMRs were analyzed and compared between these stages and with other studies. RESULTS: The IMR of last 2 years of the Iraq-Iran war (1980-1988) …
Cancer Stem Cells. From Characterization To Therapeutic Implications., Nehad M. Alajez
Cancer Stem Cells. From Characterization To Therapeutic Implications., Nehad M. Alajez
Saudi Medical Journal
The cancer stem cell (CSC), or alternatively referred to as the tumor initiating cell (TIC) model, proposes that human cancers are organized in a hierarchical structure with the CSC at the apex. Cancer stem cells are functionally defined by their ability to self-renew, and to recapitulate the hierarchy of the original tumor from which they were derived. Emerging data from the literature suggest that CSCs might be the fraction within the tumor that resists conventional therapies; hence, the CSC paradigm provides new insight into tumor progression and relapse. Herein, we provide literature review of the CSC model, with emphasis on …
Expression Of Alkaline Phosphatase In Immortalized Murine Cementoblasts In Response To Compression-Force., Ye Tian, Lan Huang, Yong-Wen Guo, Li Cao, Ya-Ting Wang, Hui Xu, Ding Bai
Expression Of Alkaline Phosphatase In Immortalized Murine Cementoblasts In Response To Compression-Force., Ye Tian, Lan Huang, Yong-Wen Guo, Li Cao, Ya-Ting Wang, Hui Xu, Ding Bai
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of compression-force on the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and ALP activity in cementoblasts. METHODS: We performed this study in the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Stomatology Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China from October to December 2010. We exposed murine immortalized cementoblasts (OCCM-30) to 2000-ustrain compression-force at a frequency of 0.5 Hz for 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours. We assayed the cellular ALP activity after the treatments. We used real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot to examine the gene and protein expression of ALP in the OCCM-30 …
Serum Hyaluronic Acid Level Does Not Reliably Differentiate Minimal And Significant Liver Disease In Chronic Hepatitis C., Shoukat A. Arain, Sultan A. Meo, Qamar Jamal
Serum Hyaluronic Acid Level Does Not Reliably Differentiate Minimal And Significant Liver Disease In Chronic Hepatitis C., Shoukat A. Arain, Sultan A. Meo, Qamar Jamal
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the predictive value of hyaluronic acid (HA) for the assessment of liver fibrosis and inflammation in chronic hepatitis C (CHC). METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan from June 2006 to July 2010. Ninety-eight CHC patients, 52 (53%) males, and 46 (47%) females, with an age range of 20-60 years (mean 36.0±10.5) were recruited. Liver fibrosis was staged on a 5-point scale, F0 to F4, and inflammation was graded on a 4-point scale, A0 to A3. Patients were divided into minimal (F<2 and A<2) and significant (F>/=2 or A>/=2) overall disease groups. The HA was measured …
Plasma Total Antioxidant Capacity And Its Related Factors In Iranian Pregnant Women., Zatollah Asemi, Shima Jazayeri, Mohammad Najafi, Mansoreh Samimi, Zohreh Tabasi, Farzad Shidfar, Abbas Rahimi-Foroushani, Vahid Mofid
Plasma Total Antioxidant Capacity And Its Related Factors In Iranian Pregnant Women., Zatollah Asemi, Shima Jazayeri, Mohammad Najafi, Mansoreh Samimi, Zohreh Tabasi, Farzad Shidfar, Abbas Rahimi-Foroushani, Vahid Mofid
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVES: To determine the plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and its related factors in pregnant Iranian women attending maternity clinics. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study carried out in Naghavi Maternity Clinic, Shaheed Beheshti Specialty and Subspecialty Polyclinic and 10 antenatal centers, affiliated to Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran, we determined the plasma TAC and its related factors including maternal age, weight, and body mass index (BMI) at the beginning, thirteenth, and twenty-first to twenty-fourth weeks of pregnancy, and gestational age at the twenty-first to twenty-fourth weeks of pregnancy in 137 primigravid pregnant women, 18-30 years old from October …
The Burden Of Ischemic Heart Disease At A Major Cardiac Center In Central Saudi Arabia., Ahmed M. Osman, Mohammed S. Alsultan, Meshal A. Al-Mutairi
The Burden Of Ischemic Heart Disease At A Major Cardiac Center In Central Saudi Arabia., Ahmed M. Osman, Mohammed S. Alsultan, Meshal A. Al-Mutairi
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVES: To estimate the direct medical costs associated with ischemic heart disease (IHD) at Prince Sultan Cardiac Center (PSCC) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: This is a prevalence-based prospective observational cost of illness study conducted in PSCC, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between April and June 2009. All patients diagnosed or suspected of having IHD at admission were included. They were followed up until discharge, or performing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), or changing diagnosis. Clinical data were extracted from the patients9 computerized database, and combined with the unit cost of services to calculate costs. RESULTS: A total of 205 …
Assessment Of Quality Of Life In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In Oman., Masoud Y. Al-Maskari, Ali O. Al-Shookri, Samir H. Al-Adawi, Khor G. Lin
Assessment Of Quality Of Life In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In Oman., Masoud Y. Al-Maskari, Ali O. Al-Shookri, Samir H. Al-Adawi, Khor G. Lin
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVES: To measure quality of life of type 2 diabetes patients in Oman, and examine which patients9 socio-demographic and diabetes-related clinical characteristics are associated with better quality of life. METHODS: This cross-sectional study of 200 diabetic subjects was conducted in Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Al-Khod, Oman between April and September 2009. A short form of the diabetes quality of life questionnaire (DQoL) was used to elicit indices of quality of life on subjects (n=200) seeking consultation at the diabetic outpatient clinic. Socio-demographic variables, body mass index (kg/m) and clinical parameters relevant for the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, including glycated …
Vitiligo-Epidemiological Study Of 4134 Patients At The National Center For Vitiligo And Psoriasis In Central Saudi Arabia., Ahmed Alissa, Abdulla Al Eisa, Rozeena Huma, Sajeev Mulekar
Vitiligo-Epidemiological Study Of 4134 Patients At The National Center For Vitiligo And Psoriasis In Central Saudi Arabia., Ahmed Alissa, Abdulla Al Eisa, Rozeena Huma, Sajeev Mulekar
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVES: To assess the clinical patterns, epidemiological profile of vitiligo, and its awareness among Saudi nationals. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted among Saudi nationals with a confirmed diagnosis of vitiligo presenting to the National Center for Vitiligo and Psoriasis, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from August 2002 to August 2006 using a retrospective questionnaire based on the history and medical records of patients. RESULTS: Of the 4134 cases, 53.5% were females. The mean age of onset of vitiligo was 17.4 years. Vitiligo vulgaris was the most common type in 42.3% of cases, 90.5% had no associated autoimmune conditions. The family history …
Research Productivity Among Faculty Members At Medical And Health Schools In Saudi Arabia. Prevalence, Obstacles, And Associated Factors., Saad A. Alghanim, Rashid M. Alhamali
Research Productivity Among Faculty Members At Medical And Health Schools In Saudi Arabia. Prevalence, Obstacles, And Associated Factors., Saad A. Alghanim, Rashid M. Alhamali
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVES: To identify the prevalence, factors and obstacles affecting research productivity among academic staff at medical and health colleges in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. METHODS: This cross-sectional survey employed self-administered questionnaires to collect data on faculty members9 profile, research activities, and obstacles impeding research productivity. The questionnaires were distributed randomly to 500 faculty members, of which 389 (77.8%) completed the questionnaire at 10 medical and health colleges during January to April 2011. The data were analyzed and presented in a descriptive fashion. RESULTS: Only 150 (38.6%) respondents reported published work in the past 2 years. Of these, 80% indicated …
Genotoxicity And Cytotoxicity Of Ovine Collagen On Human Dermal Fibroblasts., Fauzi M. Busra, Shiplu R. Chowdhury, Aminuddin B. Saim, Ruszymah B. Idrus
Genotoxicity And Cytotoxicity Of Ovine Collagen On Human Dermal Fibroblasts., Fauzi M. Busra, Shiplu R. Chowdhury, Aminuddin B. Saim, Ruszymah B. Idrus
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Bacillus Calmette-Guerins Vaccination At Birth Causing Tuberculous Granulomatous Lymphadenitis, Mahmood D. Al-Mendalawi
Bacillus Calmette-Guerins Vaccination At Birth Causing Tuberculous Granulomatous Lymphadenitis, Mahmood D. Al-Mendalawi
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Drug Susceptibility Pattern Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolates Against Conventional Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs In Dhaka, Bangladesh., Mahmood D. Al-Mendalawi, Murad Hossain
Drug Susceptibility Pattern Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolates Against Conventional Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs In Dhaka, Bangladesh., Mahmood D. Al-Mendalawi, Murad Hossain
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Study Of Risky Behaviors Leading To Unintentional Injuries Among High School Students In Tehran, Iran., Elaheh Ainy, Mohammad Movahedi, Abass Aghaei, Hamid Soori
Study Of Risky Behaviors Leading To Unintentional Injuries Among High School Students In Tehran, Iran., Elaheh Ainy, Mohammad Movahedi, Abass Aghaei, Hamid Soori
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVES: To determine risky behaviors leading to unintentional injuries among Tehrani high school students in 2009. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out berween October and December 2009. Out of 237,300 (185151 governmental, 52149 non governmental) Tehrani high school students in both genders, 727 subjects were selected by multistage randomized sampling. Among 20 education districts, 8 districts were selected and divided by stratified sampling into 3 areas: North, Center, and South. Data were collected by cluster random sampling in each district using the standard questionnaire of the Management Diseases Center of America, which had been validated in Iran. Subjects were …
In Vitro Efficacy Of Acetohydroxyacid Synthase Inhibitors Against Clinical Strains Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolated From A Hospital In Beijing, China., Mei Dong, Di Wang, Ying Jiang, Li Zhao, Caie Yang, Chun Wu
In Vitro Efficacy Of Acetohydroxyacid Synthase Inhibitors Against Clinical Strains Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolated From A Hospital In Beijing, China., Mei Dong, Di Wang, Ying Jiang, Li Zhao, Caie Yang, Chun Wu
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy of acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) inhibitors against Mycobacterium tuberculosis from China, including multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) strains. METHODS: In this study, the tube dilution method and Middlebrook 7H10 agar media were used to describe the in vitro efficacy of 3 AHAS inhibitors (sulfometuron methyl, monosulfuron, and monosulfuron-ester) against H37Rv and 26 clinical isolates, which include MDR-TB and XDR-TB strains, from the 309th Hospital of Chinese People9s Liberation Army (PLA 309), Beijing, China. Cytotoxity of these compounds were then evaluated using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl]-2,5-dipheny tetrazolium bromide assay with HBE cells. All the experiments were …
Venous Thromboembolism Risk And Prophylaxis In A Saudi Hospital., Rifat S. Rehmani, Javed I. Memon, Abdulsalam Alaithan, Alaa Ghabashi, Khalida Shahid, Shahid Latif, Munera A. Swailem
Venous Thromboembolism Risk And Prophylaxis In A Saudi Hospital., Rifat S. Rehmani, Javed I. Memon, Abdulsalam Alaithan, Alaa Ghabashi, Khalida Shahid, Shahid Latif, Munera A. Swailem
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the risk factors and physician9s compliance to American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) guidelines recommendations for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention at our hospital. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at King Abdulaziz Hospital, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia from November 2009 to December 2009. We used the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) 2008 guidelines and Caprini9s scores to assess VTE risk and to determine whether patients had received recommended prophylaxis. All hospital in-patients aged 15 years or above were assessed for risk of VTE by reviewing the hospital chart. A data sheet was developed to obtain the …
An Infant With Renal And Hepatic Cysts., Mohammed Y. Hasosah, Areej R. Al-Sunaid, Hesham M. Al-Shaalan
An Infant With Renal And Hepatic Cysts., Mohammed Y. Hasosah, Areej R. Al-Sunaid, Hesham M. Al-Shaalan
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Prevalence Of Igg Antibodies Against Toxoplasma Gondii Among Syrian Females Of Childbearing Age., Mahmood D. Al-Mendalawi, Faraj Barah
Prevalence Of Igg Antibodies Against Toxoplasma Gondii Among Syrian Females Of Childbearing Age., Mahmood D. Al-Mendalawi, Faraj Barah
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease. Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis., Jaudah A. Al-Maghrabi
Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease. Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis., Jaudah A. Al-Maghrabi
Saudi Medical Journal
Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD), or histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, is a self-limited disease of complex and unclear etiology. Clinically and microscopically, it may mimic malignant lymphoma and other non-malignant diseases. Recognition of this entity is crucial, as mistaking this disease as lymphoma has major clinical consequences. Although KFD is a well-recognized entity in the literature, many clinicians and pathologists are still unaware of its existence. In this article, a review of KFD is provided with special emphasis on the pathogenesis and pathological differential diagnosis of this disease.
The Incidence And Spectrum Of Central Nervous System Malformations In Newborns Over A Decade (2001-2010) In The Central Region Of Saudi Arabia., Wejdan S. Hakami, Muhammad A. Majeed-Saidan
The Incidence And Spectrum Of Central Nervous System Malformations In Newborns Over A Decade (2001-2010) In The Central Region Of Saudi Arabia., Wejdan S. Hakami, Muhammad A. Majeed-Saidan
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVES: To study the incidence and spectrum of central nervous system (CNS) malformations confirmed by computerized tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a Saudi newborn population of Riyadh over a 10-year period, and to compare our findings with those in the published literature. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on all inborn babies admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Riyadh Military Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia that underwent CT or MRI of the brain and spine from January 2001 to December 2010. Out born babies, babies who sustained birth asphyxia, and …
Knowledge, Attitudes, And Practices Regarding Cervical Cancer Screening Among Physicians In The Western Region Of Saudi Arabia., Khalid H. Sait
Knowledge, Attitudes, And Practices Regarding Cervical Cancer Screening Among Physicians In The Western Region Of Saudi Arabia., Khalid H. Sait
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate knowledge and practice of the Pap test, the role of HPV in the etiology of cervical cancer, and attitudes regarding the HPV vaccine of female physicians in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study using an interview with a structured questionnaire to obtain information regarding cervical cancer, practice in screening for cervical cancer, and attitudes of female physicians regarding the HPV vaccine in different health facilities in Saudi Arabia. The study was performed in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, between …
Awareness Of Healthcare Workers Regarding Preventive Measures Of Communicable Diseases Among Hajj Pilgrims At The Entry Point In Western Saudi Arabia., Adel S. Al-Ghamdi, Ibrahim A. Kabbash
Awareness Of Healthcare Workers Regarding Preventive Measures Of Communicable Diseases Among Hajj Pilgrims At The Entry Point In Western Saudi Arabia., Adel S. Al-Ghamdi, Ibrahim A. Kabbash
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVES: To determine the level of knowledge of healthcare workers (HCWs) towards preventive measures for communicable diseases among pilgrims, and to highlight the difficulties faced by HCWs in implementing preventive measures at entry point. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at King Abdulaziz International Airport Hajj Terminals in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during Hajj season from October to November 2009 including 325 healthcare workers (HCWs). Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: Difficulties reported by HCWs were refusal of vaccine, or chemoprophylaxis by some pilgrims, language barriers, and difficulties in organizing pilgrims. The different items related to meningococcal …
Comparison Of Jeopardy Game Format Versus Traditional Lecture Format As A Teaching Methodology In Medical Education., Mohammad N. Khan, Abdulwahab Telmesani, Abdulaziz Alkhotani, Abdelaziz Elzouki, Burhan Edrees, Mohammad H. Alsulimani
Comparison Of Jeopardy Game Format Versus Traditional Lecture Format As A Teaching Methodology In Medical Education., Mohammad N. Khan, Abdulwahab Telmesani, Abdulaziz Alkhotani, Abdelaziz Elzouki, Burhan Edrees, Mohammad H. Alsulimani
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVES: To compare students’ performance, satisfaction, and retention of knowledge between a ‘jeopardy game format’ and a ‘didactic lecture format’ in teaching viral exanthema to fifth-year medical students. METHODS: We conducted a parallel-group randomized controlled trial in the Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia from November 2008 to January 2009. We randomized fifth-year medical students into 2 groups. We taught viral exanthema to group one in lecture format, while group 2 received the same instruction in a jeopardy style game format. Both groups underwent a pretest, post-test I, and satisfaction survey. We conducted post-test …
Characterization Of Yemeni Patients Treated For Oral And Pharyngeal Cancers In Saudi Arabia., Esam S. Halboub, Yousef M. Al-Anazi, Maha A. Al-Mohaya
Characterization Of Yemeni Patients Treated For Oral And Pharyngeal Cancers In Saudi Arabia., Esam S. Halboub, Yousef M. Al-Anazi, Maha A. Al-Mohaya
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVES: To determine the relative frequency and rank of oral cancer (OC) and pharyngeal cancer (PC) among Yemeni cancer patients who were treated and registered in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) over 14 years, and to characterize these patients by different grouping factors. METHODS: In this retrospective study, the Saudi Cancer Registry, Riyadh, KSA officially provided the data regarding all Yemeni patients registered between 1994 and 2007. These data were reclassified and analyzed to present the cancer distribution by the main sites adopted by Globocan 2008. The OC and PC patients were statistically described and analyzed according to the …
Hbeag Negativity Is Not Equal To The Presence Of Pre Core Mutations In Chronic Hepatitis B Patients., Seyed M. Jazayeri, Seyed M. Alavian
Hbeag Negativity Is Not Equal To The Presence Of Pre Core Mutations In Chronic Hepatitis B Patients., Seyed M. Jazayeri, Seyed M. Alavian
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Incidence Of Cleft Lip And Palate In Iran. A Meta-Analysis., Mahmood D. Al-Mendalawi
Incidence Of Cleft Lip And Palate In Iran. A Meta-Analysis., Mahmood D. Al-Mendalawi
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Evaluation Of Second And Fourth Year Undergraduate Medical Students' Perception And Acceptance Of The Problem-Based Learning Process., Sarah K. Hagi, Lana A. Al-Shawwa
Evaluation Of Second And Fourth Year Undergraduate Medical Students' Perception And Acceptance Of The Problem-Based Learning Process., Sarah K. Hagi, Lana A. Al-Shawwa
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVES: To investigate medical students9 perception of problem based learning (PBL), to compare the acceptance level of new students who were introduced to PBL theoretically with those who had 2 years experience, and to study the effect of PBL on the academic performance. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on medical students at King Abdul-Aziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia between November 2008 and May 2009. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 2 groups of undergraduate medical students who volunteered to participate. Student t-test was used for comparison between the groups. RESULTS: Out of the 450 …
Use Of The Target Group Index Survey To Evaluate The Cigarette Smoking Profile In Saudi Arabia., Abdullah M. Albedah, Mohamed K. Khalil, Asim A. Khalil, Ahmed T. Elolemy
Use Of The Target Group Index Survey To Evaluate The Cigarette Smoking Profile In Saudi Arabia., Abdullah M. Albedah, Mohamed K. Khalil, Asim A. Khalil, Ahmed T. Elolemy
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVES: To draw a profile, and study the media habits for cigarette smokers in Saudi Arabia using the Target Group Index survey (TGI). METHODS: A household survey using the TGI sample was conducted in March 2008 in 21 cities in Saudi Arabia. A sample of 7003 individuals aged 15 years or more, male and females, living in town and cities, were randomly selected using the multistage sampling technique. One individual per household was interviewed using a structured questionnaire covering socio-economic profile, media exposure, and cigarette consumer information. The study was conducted in Arabian Center for Tobacco Control, Riyadh, Kingdom of …
Gene And Environment Interaction In Familial Suicidal Behavior. A Single Family With 4 Committed Suicides., Habibolah Khazaie, Leeba Rezaie, Reza Alibakhshi, David C. Schwebel
Gene And Environment Interaction In Familial Suicidal Behavior. A Single Family With 4 Committed Suicides., Habibolah Khazaie, Leeba Rezaie, Reza Alibakhshi, David C. Schwebel
Saudi Medical Journal
Family history of suicide is among the strongest predictors of suicide risk. From the context of gene by environment interactions, this manuscript presents a case study of the M family, which experienced 4 committed suicides within a short time period. Over the course of 5 years, the father and 3 sons committed suicide. Suicidal ideations developed in several other members of the family. The family9s suicide risk appears to have stemmed from both environmental and genetic factors, and likely from an interactive effect between both. Environmental factors included low level of education, opium dependency among male family members, unemployment, and …
The Impact Of Obesity On Reproduction In Women., Lulu A. Al-Nuaim
The Impact Of Obesity On Reproduction In Women., Lulu A. Al-Nuaim
Saudi Medical Journal
Obesity can impact on reproductive functions by causing hormonal imbalance and ovulatory dysfunction. Furthermore, obesity is associated with a range of adverse health consequences. There is a tight coupling between the reproductive system and energy balance. Obesity results from chronic imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure, and therefore changes in energy expenditure impact on the reproductive system. Physical activity, through its effect on energy expenditure, plays an imperative role in maintaining energy balance and thus improving health. It is therefore recommended that weight loss is the best and the cheapest therapy for infertile obese women.
The Reliability Of An Arabic Translation Of The Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Assessment Test., Mohamed S. Al-Moamary, Mohamed S. Al-Hajjaj, Hani M. Tamim, Mohamed O. Al-Ghobain, Hatem A. Al-Qahtani, Faisal A. Al-Kassimi
The Reliability Of An Arabic Translation Of The Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Assessment Test., Mohamed S. Al-Moamary, Mohamed S. Al-Hajjaj, Hani M. Tamim, Mohamed O. Al-Ghobain, Hatem A. Al-Qahtani, Faisal A. Al-Kassimi
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVES: To produce a conceptually equivalent Arabic version of the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Assessment Test (CAT), and to assess its reliability. METHODS: A prospective observational study was carried out from June 2010 to September 2010 at King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. We conducted this study in 2 phases. Phase 1: the translation of the CAT from English to Arabic, through forward and backward translation, as well as pilot testing. Phase 2: assessment of the test-retest reliability of the CAT for 45 patients with COPD who received optimal care by their pulmonologist. …