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Articles 2011 - 2040 of 2615
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Posttraumatic Stress And Myocardial Infarction Risk Perceptions In Hospitalized Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients, Donald Edmondson, Jonathan A. Shaffer, Ellen-Ge Denton, Daichi Shimbo, Lynn Clemow
Posttraumatic Stress And Myocardial Infarction Risk Perceptions In Hospitalized Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients, Donald Edmondson, Jonathan A. Shaffer, Ellen-Ge Denton, Daichi Shimbo, Lynn Clemow
Publications and Research
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is related to acute coronary syndrome (ACS; i.e., myocardial infarction or unstable angina) recurrence and poor post-ACS adherence to medical advice. Since risk perceptions are a primary motivator of adherence behaviors, we assessed the relationship of probable PTSD to ACS risk perceptions in hospitalized ACS patients (n = 420). Participants completed a brief PTSD screen 3-7 days post-ACS, and rated their 1-year ACS recurrence risk relative to other men or women their age. Most participants exhibited optimistic bias (mean recurrence risk estimate between "average" and "below average"). Further, participants who screened positive for current PTSD (n …
Iconic Memory Requires Attention, Marjan Persuh, Boris Genzer, Robert D. Melara
Iconic Memory Requires Attention, Marjan Persuh, Boris Genzer, Robert D. Melara
Publications and Research
Two experiments investigated whether attention plays a role in iconic memory, employing either a change detection paradigm (Experiment 1) or a partial-report paradigm (Experiment 2). In each experiment, attention was taxed during initial display presentation, focusing the manipulation on consolidation of information into iconic memory, prior to transfer into working memory. Observers were able to maintain high levels of performance (accuracy of change detection or categorization) even when concurrently performing an easy visual search task (low load). However, when the concurrent search was made difficult (high load), observers' performance dropped to almost chance levels, while search accuracy held at single-task …
The Conundrum Of Functional Brain Networks: Small-World Efficiency Or Fractal Modularity, Lazaros K. Gallos, Mariano Sigman, Hernán A. Makse
The Conundrum Of Functional Brain Networks: Small-World Efficiency Or Fractal Modularity, Lazaros K. Gallos, Mariano Sigman, Hernán A. Makse
Publications and Research
The human brain has been studied at multiple scales, from neurons, circuits, areas with well-defined anatomical and functional boundaries, to large-scale functional networks which mediate coherent cognition. In a recent work, we addressed the problem of the hierarchical organization in the brain through network analysis. Our analysis identified functional brain modules of fractal structure that were inter-connected in a small-world topology. Here, we provide more details on the use of network science tools to elaborate on this behavior. We indicate the importance of using percolation theory to highlight the modular character of the functional brain network. These modules present a …
The Manufacture Of Lifestyle: The Role Of Corporations In Unhealthy Living, Nicholas Freudenberg
The Manufacture Of Lifestyle: The Role Of Corporations In Unhealthy Living, Nicholas Freudenberg
Publications and Research
Recently, researchers have debated two views on the connection between lifestyle and health. In the first, health-related lifestyles including tobacco and alcohol use, diet, and physical activity are seen as primary influences on health. In the second, social stratification is the dominant influence with lifestyles simply markers of social status. Neither approach leads to interventions that can reverse the world's most serious health problems. This article proposes that corporate practices are a dominant influence on the lifestyles that shape patterns of health and disease. Modifying business practices that promote unhealthy lifestyles is a promising strategy for improving population health. Corporations …
High Tech Tethers And Work-Family Conflict: A Conservation Of Resources Approach, Katherine M. Richardson, Cynthia A. Thompson
High Tech Tethers And Work-Family Conflict: A Conservation Of Resources Approach, Katherine M. Richardson, Cynthia A. Thompson
Publications and Research
This is one of the first studies to empirically examine the relationship between wireless communications technology and work interference with family, and results shed light on the motivating factors that influence individuals to continuously engage with mobile technologies, sometimes to their personal detriment. We draw from Conservation of Resources (COR) theory to examine the relationship between using mobile communications technologies during non-work time (e.g., evenings, weekends, vacation) and psychological variables related to work-family conflict and well being, and whether this relationship is mediated by perceptions of job control and detachment from work. We collected data from 139 full-time working adults …
Off To Market We Go: A Content Analysis Of Marketing And Promotion Skills In Academic Librarian Job Ads, Karen Okamoto, Mark Aaron Polger
Off To Market We Go: A Content Analysis Of Marketing And Promotion Skills In Academic Librarian Job Ads, Karen Okamoto, Mark Aaron Polger
Publications and Research
This exploratory study analyzed the presence of marketing and promotional responsibilities and qualifications listed in selected job advertisements for academic librarians. A content analysis was employed to analyze job advertisements for academic librarians who possessed marketing,promotion, public relations, outreach, and liaison skills. Job advertisements were selected from January 2000 to December 2010. A total of 149 advertisements were analyzed. The authors found that promotional responsibilities were advertised across the 10-year period, but marketing responsibilities were not. Prior promotional and marketing experience was not widely required. Some libraries advertised marketing librarian positions with responsibilities such as branding and social networking. The …
Buddhist Hard Determinism: No Self, No Free Will, No Responsibility, Rick Repetti
Buddhist Hard Determinism: No Self, No Free Will, No Responsibility, Rick Repetti
Publications and Research
This is the third article in a four-article series that examines Buddhist responses to the Western philosophical problem of whether free will is compatible with “determinism,” the doctrine of universal causation. The first article (“Earlier”) focused on the first publications on this issue in the 1970s, the “early period.” The second (“Paleo-compatibilism”) and the present articles examine key responses published in the last part of the Twentieth and the first part of the Twenty-first centuries, the “middle period.” The fourth article (“Recent”) examines responses published in the last few years, the “recent period.” Whereas early-period scholars endorsed a compatibilism between …
Faculty As Undergraduate Research Mentors For Students Of Color: Taking Into Account The Costs, Joni Schwartz
Faculty As Undergraduate Research Mentors For Students Of Color: Taking Into Account The Costs, Joni Schwartz
Publications and Research
This article is based on the findings of a 2-year study that examined the nature of effective faculty/student undergraduate research (UR) science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) relationships. The study site was a large urban public college where three fourths of all incoming freshmen receive need-based aid; and although not a historically Black college or university (HBCU), 85% are students of color. The college offers 2- and 4-year STEM degree programs. Utilizing cultural historical activity theory (CHAT) as both a theoretical and methodological framework, this phenomenological study employed semistructured interviews, written surveys, and member checking to understand four paired faculty/student …
Buddhist Reductionism And Free Will: Paleo-Compatibilism, Rick Repetti
Buddhist Reductionism And Free Will: Paleo-Compatibilism, Rick Repetti
Publications and Research
This is the second article in a four-article series that examines Buddhist responses to the Western philosophical problem of whether free will is compatible with “determinism,” the doctrine of universal causation. The first article focused on the first publications on this issue in the 1970s, the “early period”; the present article and the next examine key responses published in the last part of the Twentieth century and first part of the Twenty-first, the “middle period”; and the fourth article will examine responses published in the last few years. Whereas early-period scholars endorsed compatibilism, in the middle period the pendulum moved …
The Search For Pan: Difference And Morality In D. H. Lawrence’S St. Mawr And The Woman Who Rode Away, Ria Banerjee
The Search For Pan: Difference And Morality In D. H. Lawrence’S St. Mawr And The Woman Who Rode Away, Ria Banerjee
Publications and Research
Both St. Mawr (1925) and The Woman Who Rode Away (1928) were written at the height of Lawrence’s fascination with New Mexico and demonstrate a continuum of thought about the position of the European and the Indian, but what is most interesting about these stories when read in conjunction is their attitude towards difference. Lou Carrington, the protagonist of St. Mawr, holds herself separate from other women of her class, from other men, from her mother and her Indian groom, finally finding a temporary peace in seeking affinity in a landscape; the woman who rides away from home and …
Responding To Secondary Traumatic Stress: A Pilot Study Of Torture Treatment Programs In The United States, Adeyinka M. Akinsulure-Smith, Eva Keatley, Andrew Rasmussen
Responding To Secondary Traumatic Stress: A Pilot Study Of Torture Treatment Programs In The United States, Adeyinka M. Akinsulure-Smith, Eva Keatley, Andrew Rasmussen
Publications and Research
Providers who care for torture survivors may be at risk for secondary traumatic stress, yet there has been little documentation of the effects of repeated exposure to traumatic issues on their emotional health or exploration of the support systems and resources available to address their emotional needs. This study assessed the secondary stress experiences of service providers (N = 43) within the National Consortium of Torture Treatment Programs in the United States and examined the supports offered by their organizations. The study found a significant correlation between rates of anxiety and depression among providers, r(34) = .49, p = .003. …
From Art On The Wall To Something For All: How An Academic Library Turned Its Art Collection Into A Campus Attraction, Miriam B. Deutch, Jill Cirasella
From Art On The Wall To Something For All: How An Academic Library Turned Its Art Collection Into A Campus Attraction, Miriam B. Deutch, Jill Cirasella
Publications and Research
An important feature of the Brooklyn College Library is its art collection, the college’s only permanent art collection. In this article, we explain how the library came to have an art collection; how we supplemented the collection with museum-style wall labels, an online catalog, and an audio tour; and how we promoted the collection and sparked student creativity with an annual art contest. We pay particular attention to the decisions and details that might help other libraries working on similar projects.
Brain Memoirs, Neuroscience, And The Self: A Review Article, Jason Tougaw
Brain Memoirs, Neuroscience, And The Self: A Review Article, Jason Tougaw
Publications and Research
No abstract provided.
Transforming Student Engagement Through Documentary And Critical Media Literacy, Jessie Daniels
Transforming Student Engagement Through Documentary And Critical Media Literacy, Jessie Daniels
Publications and Research
Young people entering college today have grown up in a multimedia environment, yet the classroom they most often encounter reflects nineteenth-century pedagogy. This paper explores the paradigm shift that is making documentaries more widely accessible for use in the classroom; describes a pedagogical strategy for connecting a critical media literacy ‘reading’ of documentaries with more traditional reading of written texts; investigates the effectiveness of this method to engage students through critical media literacy in ways that encourage transformation. Effectiveness was measured in a voluntary, self-reported questionnaire, emailed to students after the semester they took Introductory Sociology. Students in the sample …
From Art On The Wall To Something For All: How An Academic Library Turned Its Art Collection Into A Campus Attraction, Jill Cirasella, Miriam Deutch
From Art On The Wall To Something For All: How An Academic Library Turned Its Art Collection Into A Campus Attraction, Jill Cirasella, Miriam Deutch
Publications and Research
An important feature of the Brooklyn College Library is its art collection, the college’s only permanent art collection. In this article, we explain how the library came to have an art collection; how we supplemented the collection with museum-style wall labels, an online catalog, and an audio tour; and how we promoted the collection and sparked student creativity with an annual art contest. We pay particular attention to the decisions and details that might help other libraries working on similar projects.
Delegated Performance: Outsourcing Authenticity, Claire Bishop
Delegated Performance: Outsourcing Authenticity, Claire Bishop
Publications and Research
An essay is presented on delegated performance in which nonprofessionals are hired to perform at a particular time on behalf of the artist on his or her instructions. The author stated that this social turn started since 1990s in contemporary art against the tradition of 1960s and 1970s where artists like Chris Burden, Vito Acconci and Gina Pane performed themselves. The author referred to the trend of live installation started in Europe in 1990s in which guards for exhibition were hired. The Italian artist Maurizio Cattelan assembled a soccer club of foreigners to play local matches in 1991.
Using Equivalence-Based Instruction To Increase Efficiency In Teaching Neuroanatomy, Carolyn L. Pytte, Daniel M. Fienup
Using Equivalence-Based Instruction To Increase Efficiency In Teaching Neuroanatomy, Carolyn L. Pytte, Daniel M. Fienup
Publications and Research
A goal of all instruction is to efficiently allocate time spent teaching -- balancing redundancy that enhances learning with redundancy that is irrelevant to increasing student understanding. Efficient allocation of time allows the instructor to present additional material and go into more detail about the information being presented. Here we borrow laboratory research on concept formation and apply these formal principles in teaching introductory neuroanatomy within a lecture course on Behavioral Neuroscience. Concept formation is taught by pairing multiple stimuli, for instance brain name, location, and function, in such a way that novel associations within a category emerge without direct …
In Pursuit Of The Individual In The Field Of Knowledge Management, Isabel D. W. Rechberg, Jawad Syed
In Pursuit Of The Individual In The Field Of Knowledge Management, Isabel D. W. Rechberg, Jawad Syed
Publications and Research
The aim of this paper is to explore the focus on individuals in the field of knowledge management (KM). Through a meta-review of the KM literature, we identify a relative disregard of the individual in the KM literature while information technology (IT) oriented concepts are widely represented. Our review indicates the need for a greater emphasis on individuals in KM as knowledge is based on individuals’ ability and willingness to create, share and transfer knowledge. We offer suggestions on how to integrate individuals into theorising and enacting KM and also identify some avenues for future research.
A Cross-Sectional Description Of Social Capital In An International Sample Of Persons Living With Hiv/Aids (Plwh), Allison Webel, J Craig Phillips, Carol Dawson Rose, William L. Holzemer, Wei-Ti Chen, Lynda Tyer-Viola, Marta Rivero-Méndez, Patrice Nicholas, Kathleen Nokes, Jeanne Kemppainen, Elizabeth Sefcik, John Brion, Lucille Eller, Scholastika Iipinge, Kenn Kirksey, Dean Wantland, Puangtip Chaiphibalsarisdi, Mallory O. Johnson, Carmen Portillo, Inge B. Corless
A Cross-Sectional Description Of Social Capital In An International Sample Of Persons Living With Hiv/Aids (Plwh), Allison Webel, J Craig Phillips, Carol Dawson Rose, William L. Holzemer, Wei-Ti Chen, Lynda Tyer-Viola, Marta Rivero-Méndez, Patrice Nicholas, Kathleen Nokes, Jeanne Kemppainen, Elizabeth Sefcik, John Brion, Lucille Eller, Scholastika Iipinge, Kenn Kirksey, Dean Wantland, Puangtip Chaiphibalsarisdi, Mallory O. Johnson, Carmen Portillo, Inge B. Corless
Publications and Research
Background Social capital refers to the resources linked to having a strong social network. This concept plays into health outcomes among People Living with HIV/AIDS because, globally, this is a highly marginalized population. Case studies show that modifying social capital can lead to improvements in HIV transmission and management; however, there remains a lack of description or definition of social capital in international settings. The purpose of our paper was to describe the degree of social capital in an international sample of adults living with HIV/AIDS. Methods We recruited PLWH at 16 sites from five countries including Canada, China, Namibia, …
The Logic Of Fashion Cycles, Alberto Acerbi, Stefano Ghirlanda, Magnus Enquist
The Logic Of Fashion Cycles, Alberto Acerbi, Stefano Ghirlanda, Magnus Enquist
Publications and Research
Many cultural traits exhibit volatile dynamics, commonly dubbed fashions or fads. Here we show that realistic fashion-like dynamics emerge spontaneously if individuals can copy others' preferences for cultural traits as well as traits themselves. We demonstrate this dynamics in simple mathematical models of the diffusion, and subsequent abandonment, of a single cultural trait which individuals may or may not prefer. We then simulate the coevolution between many cultural traits and the associated preferences, reproducing power-law frequency distributions of cultural traits (most traits are adopted by few individuals for a short time, and very few by many for a long time), …
Burnout Among Chiropractic Practitioners: Real Or Imagined An Exploratory Study Protocol, Shawn Williams, Stanley Innes
Burnout Among Chiropractic Practitioners: Real Or Imagined An Exploratory Study Protocol, Shawn Williams, Stanley Innes
Publications and Research
Burnout is a psychological syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment that has been found to exist in a significant number of healthcare and helping professionals. It imposes a significant societal burden by shortened practitioner lifespan, decreased efficiency, negative health outcomes and poorer levels of patient care. Theoretical models suggest that it appears to be the result of a complex interaction between job resources and job demands. It may be reasonable to conclude that Chiropractic professionals experience similar vocational demands and thus experience significant levels of occupational stress and subsequent burnout. However the data on burnout within the …
Epidemiology And Management Of Depression Following Coronary Heart Disease Diagnosis In Women, Siqin Ye, Ellen-Ge Denton, Lauren T. Wasson, Karina W. Davidson
Epidemiology And Management Of Depression Following Coronary Heart Disease Diagnosis In Women, Siqin Ye, Ellen-Ge Denton, Lauren T. Wasson, Karina W. Davidson
Publications and Research
Coronary heart disease (CHD) and depression are both highly prevalent in women. Importantly, depression is associated with significantly elevated morbidity and mortality in women with CHD. There are intriguing speculations about biological mechanisms underlying this association, such as endothelial dysfunction, subclinical atherosclerosis, inflammation, and autonomic dysregulation. Social and behavioral mechanisms, such as lack of social support and physical inactivity, have also been shown to play important roles. Unfortunately, many randomized clinical trials of counseling and pharmacologic interventions for depression in patients with CHD have failed to improve cardiovascular outcomes, and in fact have raised the possibility that interventions might be …
Genetic Signatures Of A Demographic Collapse In A Large-Bodied Forest Dwelling Primate (Mandrillus Leucophaeus), Nelson Ting, Christos Astaras, Gail Hearn, Shaya Honarvar, Joel Corush, Andrew S. Burrell, Naomi Phillips, Bethan J. Morgan, Elizabeth L. Gadsby, Ryan L. Raaum, Christian Roos
Genetic Signatures Of A Demographic Collapse In A Large-Bodied Forest Dwelling Primate (Mandrillus Leucophaeus), Nelson Ting, Christos Astaras, Gail Hearn, Shaya Honarvar, Joel Corush, Andrew S. Burrell, Naomi Phillips, Bethan J. Morgan, Elizabeth L. Gadsby, Ryan L. Raaum, Christian Roos
Publications and Research
It is difficult to predict how current climate change will affect wildlife species adapted to a tropical rainforest environment. Understanding how population dynamics fluctuated in such species throughout periods of past climatic change can provide insight into this issue. The drill (Mandrillus leucophaeus) is a large-bodied rainforest adapted mammal found in West Central Africa. In the middle of this endangered monkey’s geographic range is Lake Barombi Mbo, which has a well-documented palynological record of environmental change that dates to the Late Pleistocene. We used a Bayesian coalescent-based framework to analyze 2,076 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA across wild drill populations …
Relationships Between Urinary Biomarkers Of Phytoestrogens, Phthalates, Phenols, And Pubertal Stages In Girls, Tandra R. Chakraborty, Eilliut Alicea, Sanjoy Chakraborty
Relationships Between Urinary Biomarkers Of Phytoestrogens, Phthalates, Phenols, And Pubertal Stages In Girls, Tandra R. Chakraborty, Eilliut Alicea, Sanjoy Chakraborty
Publications and Research
Phytoestrogens, phthalates, and phenols are estrogen-disrupting chemicals that have a pronounced effect at puberty. They are exogenous chemicals that are either plant-derived or man-made, and can alter the functions of the endocrine system and cause various health defects by interfering with the synthesis, metabolism, binding, or cellular responses of natural estrogens. Phytoestrogens, phthalates, and phenols are some of the potent estrogens detectable in urine. Phytoestrogens are plant-derived xenestrogens found in a wide variety of food products, like soy-based food, beverages, several fruits, and vegetables. Exposure to phytoestrogens can delay breast development and further lead to precocious puberty. The effect of …
Using A Narrative Lens To Understand Empathy And How It Matters In Judging, Andrea Mcardle
Using A Narrative Lens To Understand Empathy And How It Matters In Judging, Andrea Mcardle
Publications and Research
No abstract provided.
Marital Status And Sexual Orientation Discrimination In Infertility Care, Richard Storrow
Marital Status And Sexual Orientation Discrimination In Infertility Care, Richard Storrow
Publications and Research
No abstract provided.
A Few Thoughts On Evidence In Social Work, Gary Holden, Ellen Tuchman, Kathleen Barker, Gary Rosenberg, May, Sofie Kuppens, Katie Watson
A Few Thoughts On Evidence In Social Work, Gary Holden, Ellen Tuchman, Kathleen Barker, Gary Rosenberg, May, Sofie Kuppens, Katie Watson
Publications and Research
Social work practitioners must act every working day in the face of uncertainty. This uncertainty arises in part because knowledge is often difficult to locate or sometimes lacking regarding: the systems context the population being served; the particular client system; the set of problems the client system is experiencing; as well as the various interventions that could be selected. It seems reasonable to explore ways to reduce the experience of uncertainty, and narrow, if not eliminate, the knowledge gaps that arise in such situations. The generic idea of evidence based practice has been advanced for some time as an approach …
Legacy In Action: Honoring The Life Work Of Rhonda Copelon, Lisa Davis
Legacy In Action: Honoring The Life Work Of Rhonda Copelon, Lisa Davis
Publications and Research
No abstract provided.
How People Learn English As Second Language, Aldemaro Romero Jr.
How People Learn English As Second Language, Aldemaro Romero Jr.
Publications and Research
No abstract provided.
Stella’S Voice: Echo And Collaboration In Astrophil And Stella 57 And 58, Laura Kolb
Stella’S Voice: Echo And Collaboration In Astrophil And Stella 57 And 58, Laura Kolb
Publications and Research
No abstract provided.