Digital Commons Network^™

Locked In Segregation, Daria Roithmayr

Publications

In earlier work, I have developed the lock-in model of inequality, which compares persistent racial inequality to persistent market monopoly power. In this article, I explore the implications of applying the lock-in model to the problem of residential segregation. Here, I put forward two central arguments. First, I argue that residential segregation constitutes an example of a locked-in racial monopoly. During the days of Jim Crow, white racial cartels (e.g., homeowners' associations and real estate boards) engaged in anti-competitive conduct to exclude blacks and monopolize access to good neighborhoods. That early neighborhood advantage has now become locked-in via certain self-reinforcing …

Locked In Inequality: The Persistence Of Discrimination, Daria Roithmayr

Publications

In this Article, I argue that the practice of charging school fees to attend public school is an example of locked-in discrimination that persists over time, even in the absence of intentional discrimination. Exploring the lock-in model of discrimination in the unique context of South Africa, I make two central points. First, discriminatory practices often become locked into institutional structures because high switching costs-the costs of moving from a discriminatory practice to an inclusive one--make it too difficult for an institution to discontinue discriminating. Even when institutional actors are filly committed to eradicating racial disparity, they may be constrained from …

Palestinian Refugees: Host Countries, Legal Status And The Right Of Return, Wadie E. Said

Publications

Given the Palestinian refugees' precarious legal status in their host countries, recognition of the Palestinian right of return is not only legally viable, but also crucial for the establishment of a just and lasting peace in the Middle East. That racially driven demographic considerations have been employed up until now to derail binding and directly applicable laws and practices, as well as keep the refugees in a state of legal limbo in their host countries, cuts to the heart of the fundamental injustice currently plaguing the Middle East. No amount of obfuscating the facts and the law can tarnish the …

Facts, Rights, And Remedies, Wadie E. Said

Publications

Given the Palestinian refugees' precarious legal status in their host countries, recognition of the Palestinian right of return is not only legally viable, but also crucial for the establishment of a just and lasting peace in the Middle East. That racially driven demographic considerations have been employed up until now to derail binding and directly applicable laws and practices, as well as keep the refugees in a state of legal limbo in their host countries, cuts to the heart of the fundamental injustice currently plaguing the Middle East. No amount of obfuscating the facts and the law can tarnish the …

Access, Adequacy And Equality: The Constitutionality Of School Fee Financing In Public Education, Daria Roithmayr

Publications

This article explores the question of whether charging school fees for public education violates s 29 or s 9 of the Constitution. The article concludes that fees may be unconstitutional, for two reasons. First, charging school fees may violate learners' rights to basic education under s 29, because a fee-based financing system creates problems with both access and adequacy. Despite the availability of exemptions for the poor, the school fee regime of financing appears to completely bar access for some learners. It also unconstitutionally burdens the right to access for others by requiring families to expend significant portions of …

Toward A Next Generation Regulatory Strategy, Philip J. Weiser

Publications

The FCC is now facing a set of issues that will help shape the future evolution of the Internet and the role of government in its development. In particular, the FCC is in the midst of designing a regulatory regime for broadband platforms. To do so, the FCC must decide both on the appropriate regulatory classification for such platforms and what legal rules (if any) should govern access to such platforms. This Article explains how the FCC, using its "ancillary jurisdiction" authority under Title I of the Communications Act, can develop a reactive regulatory regime that examines allegations of discriminatory …

The Catalog Vs. The Home Page? Best Practices In Connecting To Online Resources, Georgia Briscoe, Karen Selden, Cheryl Rae Nyberg

Publications

Connecting users to the best available sources of legal information is one of the traditional functions of the law library. These sources now include Web sites, electronic journals, and subscription databases. This article explores the best way to bring these useful Internet resources to the attention of users, concentrating on the pros and cons of using the catalog or the home page.

A Short History Of Poverty Lawyers In The United States, Deborah J. Cantrell

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No abstract provided.

Book Review, Lakshman Guruswamy

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No abstract provided.

Homicide On Holiday: Prosecutorial Discretion, Popular Culture, And The Boundaries Of The Criminal Law, Carolyn B. Ramsey

Publications

This article discusses prosecutors' discretion to press criminal charges against individuals who cause death during recreational activities. Based on newspaper sources, published opinions, and unpublished materials from cases that resulted in plea bargains, Homicide on Holiday continues the author's exploration of the relationship between the American public, criminal prosecutors, and the nature of the prosecutors' public role. It shows that, despite popular culture's glorification of risk and a nationwide trend in tort law toward sheltering sports co-participants from civil negligence liability, an exhilarating trip down a ski slope is increasingly likely to land a skier in jail if he collides …

Modularity, Vertical Integration, And Open Access Policies: Towards A Convergence Of Antitrust And Regulation In The Internet Age, Joseph Farrell, Philip J. Weiser

Publications

Antitrust law and telecommunications regulation have long adopted different stances on whether to mandate open access to information platforms. This article aims to help regulators and commentators incorporate both Chicago School and post-Chicago School arguments in evaluating this basic policy choice, suggesting how they can be integrated in an effective manner. In particular, the authors outline three alternative models that the FCC could adopt to guide its regulation of information platforms and facilitate a true convergence between antitrust and regulatory policy.

Filling In The Blank Spots On Powell's And Stegner's Maps: The Role Of Modern Indian Tribes In Western Watersheds, Charles Wilkinson

Publications

No abstract provided.

A Moving Violation? Hypercriminalized Spaces And Fortuitous Presence In Drug Free School Zones, L. Buckner Inniss

Publications

No abstract provided.

How Massive Single Stars End Their Life, A. Heger, C. L. Fryer, S. E. Woosley, N. Langer, Dieter H. Hartmann

Publications

How massive stars die - what sort of explosion and remnant each produces - depends chiefly on the masses of their helium cores and hydrogen envelopes at death. For single stars, stellar winds are the only means of mass loss, and these are chiefly a function of the metallicity of the star. We dicuss how meallicity, and a simplified prescription for its effect on mass loss, affects the evolution and final fate of massive stars. We map, as a function of mass and metallicity, where black holes and neutron stars are likely to form and where different types of supernovae …

A Simulation Study Of Space-Based Observations Of Gravity Waves In The Airglow Using Observed Aloha-93 Wave Parameters, Michael P. Hickey Ph.D., J. S. Brown

Publications

We use gravity wave parameters derived from the ALOHA-93 campaign to model four gravity waves in airglow emissions as observed from the ground to numerically predict whether these waves could have been observed from space. In spite of encountering critical levels, some waves may still be observed in the airglow provided the critical level lies within the airglow emission region. One of the four waves experiences a critical level in the lower region of an airglow layer such that the disturbance to the volume emission rate would be effectively limited to a short distance along a satellite line of sight. …

Aurora Working Group: Dsr Front End Lvcsr Evaluation Au/384/02, Naveen Parihar, Joseph Picone

Publications

In this document we describe the Distributed Speech Recognition (DSR) front end large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) evaluations being conducted by the Aurora Working Group of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). The objective of these evaluations is to determine the robustness of different front ends for use in client/server type telecommunications applications. The 5000-word closed-loop vocabulary task based on the DARPA Wall Street Journal (WSJ0) Corpus was chosen for these evaluations. The experiments were designed to test the following focus conditions:

1. Additive Noise: six noise conditions collected from street traffic, train stations, cars, babble, restaurants and airports …

The Economic Situation, 2002 December, Bruce Yandle

Publications

Quarterly report on the economic situation of the United States and South Carolina.

Genetic Diversity And Competitive Abilities Of Dalea Purpurea (Fabaceae) From Remnant And Restored Grasslands, Danny J. Gustafson, David J. Gibson, Daniel L. Nickrent

Publications

Allozyme and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analyses were used to characterize the genetic relationships of Dalea purpurea from remnant and restored Illinois tallgrass prairies and a large remnant tallgrass prairie in Kansas. The remnant Illinois populations were less genetically diverse than the restored Illinois populations and the Kansas population. These restored Illinois populations were established with at least two seed sources that were locally collected. There was little population divergence (F_st = 0.042), which ST is consistent with other perennial forbs, while the genetic relationships among populations reflected geographic proximity. In a greenhouse competition experiment, differences in performance …

An Observation Of A Fast External Atmospheric Acoustic-Gravity Wave, J. H. Hecht, R. L. Walterscheid, Michael P. Hickey Ph.D., R. J. Rudy, A. Z. Liu

Publications

In November 1999 a new near-IR airglow imaging system was deployed at the Starfire Optical Range outside of Albuquerque, New Mexico. This system allowed wide angle images of the airglow to be collected, with high signal to noise, every 3 seconds with a one second integration time. At approximately 1000 UT on November 17, 1999, a fast wavelike disturbance was seen propagating through the OH Meinel airglow layer. This wave had an observed period of ≈215 seconds, an observed phase velocity of ≈160 m/s and a horizontal wavelength of ≈35 km. This phase velocity is among the fastest yet reported …

Further Investigations Of A Mesospheric Inversion Layer Observed In The Aloha-93 Campaign, Tai-Yin Huang, Michael P. Hickey Ph.D., Tai-Fu Tuan

Publications

Temperature and wind data obtained from a Na wind/temperature lidar operated by the University of Illinois group during the Airborne Lidar and Observations of the Hawaiian Airglow (ALOHA-93) Campaign, previously analyzed by Huang et al. [1998] using an isothermal Brunt-Va¨isa¨la¨ frequency, have been reexamined to include temperature gradients in the calculation of the Richardson number. In the previous analysis using the isothermal Brunt-Va¨isa¨la¨ frequency the existence of convective instability could not be assessed. New analysis shows that the nonisothermal Richardson number preserves some features found previously, with some striking differences noticable at times between 0900 and 1030 UT. The nonisothermal …

Iron Implantation In Presolar Supernova Grains, Donald D. Clayton, Bradley S. Meyer, Lih-Sin The, Mounib F. El Eid

Publications

We consider the potential of measured iron isotopic ratios within presolar grains from supernovae (as discovered in meteorites) for identifying the gas from which the grains condensed. We show that although iron isotopic ratios vary dramatically with radial coordinate in the initial supernova, it seems likely that the concentration of iron that thermally condenses in SiC grains within the supernova interior may be smaller than the concentration that will later be implanted by high-speed grain-gas collisions following the penetration of the reverse shock into the supernova flow. In that case, the Fe isotopic composition is much altered. We propose that …

A Quality Major: Some Doctoral Programs Are Beginning To Offer A Specialization In Quality, John W. Sinn, Gregory K. Arbuckle, Duane E. Floyd, Glenn Gee, Perry Goss, Cathy Petretich, Errol Samuel, Alan Stolzer

Publications

Describes the doctorate in technology management from Indiana State University, a member of a consortium offering the degree that prepares graduates to be technological leaders for public and private sectors.

Coupling Of Coamps And Wavetech With Improved Wave Physics, Shahrdad Sajjadi, Pat Fitzpatrick, Gueorgui Mostovoi, Yongzuo Li, Matt Bettencourt

Publications

The Model Coupling Executable Library (MCEL), developed at the University of Southern Mississippi's Center of Higher Learning, has been successfully used to couple the Coupled Ocean/Atmospheric Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) and the ocean wave model WAVEWATCH. An example of its application is shown for Hurricane Gordon, showing that two-way coupling results affects boundary layer physics differently than one-way coupling --- in this case, resulting in larger o z and, consequently, larger surface fluxes and a more intense hurricane. However, since analyzing MCEL is difficult because the wave physics is inaccurate, improvements to the wave algorithms are also part of the …

Evaluation Of Inspectra Uv Analyzer For Measuring Conventional Water And Wastewater Parameters, Lizette R. Chevalier, C. N. Irwin, J. N. Craddock

Publications

A relatively new analytical instrument for the measurement of BOD5, COD, TSS, TOC, nitrates and surfactants has been developed commercially. It is based on the use of ultraviolet spectrophotometry and a deterministic approach to analyze the sample’s spectrum by comparing it with a series of historical reference spectra. Using standard methods for the measurement of BOD5, TSS and TOC as true values, the use of this instrument was evaluated. The samples tested were obtained from both wastewater and water treatment facilities. Results indicate that the BOD5 measurement performed best. There was no correlation found for TSS or TOC.

Wiyn Open Cluster Study. Xi. Wiyn 3.5 Meter Deep Photometry Of M35 (Ngc 2168), Ted Von Hippel, Aaron Steinhauer, Ata Sarajedini, Constantine P. Deliyannis

Publications

We present deep BVI observations of the core of M35 and a nearby comparison field obtained at the WIYN 3.5 m telescope under excellent seeing conditions. These observations probe to V > 26 and display the lower main sequence in BV and VI CMDs down to V = 23.3 and 24.6, respectively. At these faint magnitudes the background Galactic field stars are far more numerous than the cluster stars, yet by using a smoothing technique and CMD density distribution subtraction we are able to recover the cluster fiducial main sequence and luminosity function to V = 24.6. We find the location …

Relative Survival Of Three Sizes Of Walleyes Stocked Into Illinois Lakes, Ronald C. Brooks, Roy C. Heidinger, R John Hoxmeier, David H. Wahl

Publications

The ability to differentially batch-mark several size-groups of fish stocked concurrently in lakes or rivers makes it possible to compare survival within a single year. We evaluated stocking of walleyes Stizostedion vitreum in Illinois during 1991–1996. Ten lakes were stocked with combinations of two or three sizes of walleyes, including fry and small (50-mm) and large (100-mm) fingerlings. This permitted a total of 73 lake-year comparisons: fry versus large fingerlings (23 lake-years), fry versus small fingerlings (29 lake-years), and small versus large fingerlings (21 lake-years). Stocked fish were differentially marked with oxytetracycline or fin clips. Electrofishing catch per effort, relative …

Metal Abundances And Kinematics Of Bright Metal-Poor Giants Selected From The Lse Survey: Implications For The Metal-Weak Thick Disk, Timothy C. Beers, John S. Drilling, Silvia Rossi, Masashi Chiba, Jaehyon Rhee, Birgit Fṻhrmeister, John E. Norris, Ted Von Hippel

Publications

We report medium-resolution (1–2A ˚ ) spectroscopy and broadband (UBV) photometry for a sample of 39 bright stars (the majority of which are likely to be giants) selected as metal-deficient candidates from an objective-prism survey concentrating on Galactic latitudes below |b| = 30, the Luminous Stars Extension (LSE) survey of Drilling & Bergeron. Although the primary purpose of the LSE survey was to select OB stars (hence the concentration on low latitudes), the small number of bright metal-deficient giant candidates noted during this survey provide interesting information on the metal-weak thick disk (MWTD) population. Metal abundance estimates are obtained from …

Required Reading For Library Administrators Part 1, Eric C. Shoaf, Tobeylynn Birch, Mark T. Day, William B. Edgar

Publications

The library and information science literature is overflowing with how-to articles, particularly how to manage the library. Increasingly, library managers find that the time they have available to peruse such literature lessens as other professional demands intrude. With this trend in mind, members of the Comparative Library Organization Committee (CLOC), a LAMA/LOMS standing committee, decided that a list of required readings is in order. Not just another bibliography, the selection of titles was developed using citation analysis, or bibliometrics, to select highly cited authors and titles for works published outside of the professional library literature, and for works published within …

Top 10 Tips On Writing For Professional Journals, Frank G. Houdek

Publications

The author provides ten suggestions for writers aspiring to publish in professional journals, ranging from writing about something you know to leaving yourself adequate time to revise and edit prior to a submission deadline.

Lotis, Super-Lotis, Sloan Digital Sky Survey, And Tautenburg Observations Of Grb 010921, H. S. Park, G. G. Williams, Dieter H. Hartmann, D. Q. Lamb, B. C. Lee, D. L. Tucker, S. Klose, B. Stecklum, A. Henden, J. Adelman

Publications

We present multi-instrument optical observations of the High Energy Transient Explorer (HETE-2) and In-terplanetary Network error box of GRB 010921. This event was the first gamma-ray burst (GRB) partly localized by HETE-2 that has resulted in the detection of an optical afterglow. In this Letter, we report the earliest known observations of the GRB 010921 field, taken with the 0.11 m Livermore Optical Transient Imaging System (LOTIS) telescope, and the earliest known detection of the GRB 010921 optical afterglow, using the 0.5 m Sloan Digital Sky Survey Photometric Telescope (SDSS PT). Observations with the LOTIS telescope began during a routine …