Digital Commons Network^™

Selective Blockade Of The Inhibitory Fcγ Receptor (Fcγriib) In Human Dendritic Cells And Monocytes Induces A Type I Interferon Response Program, Madhav V. Dhodapkar, Devi K. Banerjee, John E. Connolly

Publications

The ability of dendritic cells (DCs) to activate immunity is linked to their maturation status. In prior studies, we have shown that selective antibody-mediated blockade of inhibitory FcγRIIB receptor on human DCs in the presence of activating immunoglobulin (Ig) ligands leads to DC maturation and enhanced immunity to antibody-coated tumor cells. We show that Fcγ receptor (FcγR)-mediated activation of human monocytes and monocyte-derived DCs is associated with a distinct gene expression pattern, including several inflammationassociated chemokines, as well as type 1 interferon (IFN) response genes, including the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1). FcγR-mediated STAT1 activation …

Cross-Presentation Of Glycolipid From Tumor Cells Loaded With Α-Galactosylceramide Leads To Potent And Long-Lived T Cell-Mediated Immunity Via Dendritic Cells, Kanako Shimizu, Yuri Kurosawa, Masaru Taniguchi

Publications

We report a mechanism to induce combined and long-lived CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell immunity to several mouse tumors. Surprisingly, the initial source of antigen is a single low dose of tumor cells loaded with α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) glycolipid (tumor/Gal) but lacking co-stimulatory molecules. After tumor/Gal injection intravenously (i.v.), innate NKT and NK cells reject the tumor cells, some of which are taken up by dendritic cells (DCs). The DCs in turn cross-present glycolipid on CD1d molecules to NKT cells and undergo maturation. For B16 melanoma cells loaded with α-GalCer (B16/Gal), interferon γ-producing CD8⁺ T cells develop toward …

Rebuilding The Profession: Recommendations For Librarians Interested In Becoming Academic Law Library Directors, Frank G. Houdek

Publications

Based on papers presented at a 2005 workshop for individuals interested in becoming academic law library directors, this article begins by exploring the duties of academic director jobs -- administrative skills and faculty responsibilities -- before examining how to build credentials in preparation for such jobs. It concludes by focusing on the skills and knowledge needed to interview for director jobs.

Deer-Human Conflict And Hunter Access In An Exurban Landscape, Daniel J. Storm, Clayton K. Nielsen, Eric M. Schauber, Alan Woolf

Publications

Exurban development (nonmetropolitan, residential development) poses unique challenges for wildlife managers through increases in human-wildlife interactions. However, little is known about hunting activity and human attitudes toward white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in exurban areas. In 2004, we surveyed exurbanites near Carbondale, Illinois, regarding their experiences with and attitudes towards deer, whose population in the study area was at or above cultural carrying capacity. Deer-vehicle collisions (DVC) were common and a concern for most respondents (84%). However, DVCs were less infl uential than plant damage in determining landowner tolerance of deer. Only 19% of respondents allowed hunting on their …

Comparative Fatty Acid Composition Of Eggs From White Bass Fed Live Food Or Commercial Feed, Ryan L. Lane, Christopher C. Kohler

Publications

We evaluated the influence of two broodstock feeding practices on fatty acid composition and viability of eggs in white bass Morone chrysops. The two dietary groups tested were (1) white bass females fed a commercially formulated feed (crude protein, 45%; crude fat, 16%) and (2) white bass females maintained on live food (fathead minnow Pimephales promelas and golden shiners Notemigonus crysoleucas). Significant differences existed between the dietary treatments in egg fatty acid levels. Eggs of white bass fed live food contained more 11-octadecenoic acid (18:1[n-7]), α-linolenic acid (18:3[n-3]), arachidonic acid (20:4[n-6]), docosahexaenoic acid (22:6[n-3]), and total n-3 fatty …

Downscaling Daily Maximum And Minimum Air Temperature In The Midwestern Usa: A Hybrid Empirical Approach, Justin T. Schoof, S C. Pryor, S M. Robeson

Publications

A new hybrid empirical downscaling technique is presented and applied to assess 21st century projections of maximum and minimum daily surface air temperatures (Tmax, Tmin) over the Midwestern USA. Our approach uses multiple linear regression to downscale the seasonal variations of the mean and standard deviation of daily Tmax and Tmin and the lag-0 and lag-1 correlations between daily Tmax and Tmin based on GCM simulation of the large-scale climate. These downscaled parameters are then used as inputs to a stochastic weather generator to produce time series of the daily Tmax and Tmin at 26 surface stations, in three time …

Dynamically And Statistically Downscaled Seasonal Simulations Of Maximum Surface Air Temperature Over The Southeastern United States, Young-Kwon Lim, D W. Shin, Steven Cocke, T E. Larow, Justin T. Schoof, James J. O'Brien, Eric P. Chassignet

Publications

Coarsely resolved surface air temperature (2 m height) seasonal integrations from the Florida State University/Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies Global Spectral Model (FSU/COAPS GSM) (~1.8º lon.-lat. (T63)) for the period of 1994 to 2002 (March through September each year) are downscaled to a fine spatial scale of ~20 km. Dynamical and statistical downscaling methods are applied for the southeastern United States region, covering Florida, Georgia, and Alabama. Dynamical downscaling is conducted by running the FSU/COAPS Nested Regional Spectral Model (NRSM), which is nested into the domain of the FSU/COAPS GSM. We additionally present a new statistical downscaling method. The rationale …

A Framework To Assess State Support Of Certified Organic Farming, Shauna M. Bloom, Leslie Duram

Publications

Support for organic farming varies from state to state, and there have been few attempts to document what types of support currently exists. This research assesses regionally specific and relevant support available to organic farmers at the state level. This exploratory study develops a framework of ten key categories of organic agricultural support: leadership, policy, research, technical support, financial support, marketing and promotion, education and information, consumer issues, inter-agency activities, and future developments. Data from state departments of agriculture, land grant universities, extension services, and other state-level agencies provide the basis for a numerical assessment of support in each category. …

Phylogenetic Relationships And Ecological Speciation In The Mistletoe Tristerix (Loranthaceae): The Influence Of Pollinators, Dispersers, And Hosts, Amico C. Guillermo, Romina Vidal-Russel, Daniel L. Nickrent

Publications

Phylogenies can provide valuable information on biotic and abiotic factors associated with speciation. We examined species relationships in Tristerix (Loranthaceae), a genus of 11 species with an Andean distribution from Colombia to Chile. A previous classification divided Tristerix into subgenera Tristerix (two species) and Metastachys (nine species). We tested this classification by generating a molecular phylogeny of the genus using nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS and chloroplast atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer and trnL-F regions. All partitions generally gave congruent trees, thus a combined analysis was conducted. Tristerix was composed of a northern clade (six species) and a southern clade (four species). Tristerix …

Essentially A Mother, Jennifer S. Hendricks

Publications

This article connects the constitutional jurisprudence of the family to debates over reproductive technology and surrogacy. Despite the outpouring of literature on reproductive technologies, courts and scholars have paid little attention to the constitutional foundation of parental rights. Focusing on the structural/political function of parental rights, this article argues that a gestational mother has a constitutional claim to be recognized as a legal parent.

The article first discusses the "unwed father cases." Despite believing that natural sex differences justified distinctions in parental rights, the Supreme Court crafted a test giving men parental rights if they established relationships with their biological …

Keeping An Eye On The Golden Snitch: Implications Of The Interdisciplinary Approach In The Fourth Generation Of Natural Resources Law Casebooks, Sarah Krakoff

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No abstract provided.

Communicating During Emergencies: Toward Interoperability And Effective Information Management, Philip J. Weiser

Publications

The suboptimal state of communications technology used by public safety agencies has emerged as a high profile political issue. In most cases, public safety agencies are able only to communicate using antiquated networks, engineered solely for providing voice communications and unable to interoperate beyond a select number of users. This type of system fails to provide the type of economies of scale, network flexibility, or the broader functionalities routinely used by the military and private sector enterprises. The challenge facing policymakers is thus how to develop a next generation architecture for public safety and spur adoption of a new set …

Back To The Future: Is Form-Based Code An Efficacious Tool For Shaping Modern Civic Life?, Lolita Buckner Inniss

Publications

This Essay serves as a critique of the New Urbanism in general and of form-based code in particular as a tool of the New Urbanism. It may be true that form-based code offers more flexibility than traditional zoning schemes and thus may offer some respite from acknowledged ills such as social and racial divisions created by exclusionary zoning and other tools, and from the relative inutility of single or limited use districts. However, I will argue that these benefits are eclipsed by some of the problems of form-based code. Form-based code is frequently hailed as a back to the future …

Data Mining Methods Applied To Flight Operations Quality Assurance Data: A Comparison To Standard Statistical Methods, Alan J. Stolzer, Carl Halford

Publications

"In a previous study, multiple regression techniques were applied to Flight Operations Quality Assurance-derived data to develop parsimonious model(s) for fuel consumption on the Boeing 757 airplane. The present study examined several data mining algorithms, including neural networks, on the fuel consumption problem and compared them to the multiple regression results obtained earlier. Using regression methods, parsimonious models were obtained that explained approximately 85% of the variation in fuel flow. In general data mining methods were more effective in predicting fuel consumption. Classification and Regression Tree methods reported correlation coefficients of .91 to .92, and General Linear Models and Multilayer …

Book Review: No Place To Hide, Gary C. Kessler

Publications

This document is Dr. Kessler's review of No Place to Hide, by Robert O'Harrow, Jr. Free Press, 2006. ISBN 0-7432-8705-3.

Heating Methods And Detection Limits For Infrared Thermography Inspection Of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites, Jeff R. Brown, H. R. Hamilton

Publications

The use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites to strengthen existing civil infrastructure is expanding rapidly. Many FRP systems used to strengthen reinforced concrete are applied using a wet lay-up method in which dry fibers are saturated on site and then applied to the surface. This research investigated using infrared thermography (IRT) as a nondestructive evaluation (NDE) tool for detecting air voids and epoxy-filled holes in FRP systems bonded to a concrete substrate. Four small-scale specimens with FRP thicknesses ranging from 1 to 4 mm (0.04 to 0.16 in.) containing fabricated defects were constructed and inspected in a laboratory setting. Three …

Lightning Signature Assessment To Forecast Tornado Formation, Mary Snow, Richard Snow, Nicole Kufa

Publications

Recent research suggests that a maximum rate of lightning strikes occurs at least 15 to 20 minutes prior to tornado formation within a supercell storm. These maxima are associated with strengthening updrafts as they appear in radar measurements. An increase in lightning rates correlates with an increase of shear in the lower part of the storm. In combination with a strong updraft or downdraft, this shear can provide the ingredients for rotation and possibly a tornado. Polarity reversal of lightning around the time of tornado touchdown also has been examined. Thus, increasing lightning flash rates and reversal of lightning strike …

Sending The Self-Execution Doctrine To The Executioner, Aya Gruber

Publications

No abstract provided.

Who's Afraid Of Geneva Law?, Aya Gruber

Publications

According to many internationalists, the terrorism detention cases Hamdi v. Rumsfeld and Hamdan v. Rumsfeld are exemplary of a movement on the part of the Supreme Court toward greater incorporation of and respect for international law. Recent death penalty cases, statements of individual justices, and the increasing transnationalism of the Court's docket have lead many to believe, as Justice Ginsburg does, that the Court's "island or lone ranger mentality is beginning to change." This Article takes the contrary position that Hamdi and Hamdan are not internationalist because of their meticulous avoidance of the issue of Geneva Convention self-execution. Briefly, the …

A Perspective On Federal Corporation Law, Mark J. Loewenstein

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No abstract provided.

From "Navigable Waters" To "Constitutional Waters": The Future Of Federal Wetlands Regulation, Mark Squillace

Publications

Wetlands regulation in the United States has a tumultuous history. The early European settlers viewed wetlands as obstacles to development, and they drained and filled wetlands and swamps at an astounding rate, often with government support, straight through the middle of the twentieth century. As evidence of the ecological significance of wetlands emerged over the last several decades, programs to protect and restore wetlands became prominent. Most notable among these is the permitting program under § 404 of the Clean Water Act. That provision prohibits dredging or filling of "navigable waters," defined by law to mean "waters of the United …

The Patent Office Meets The Poison Pill: Why Legal Methods Cannot Be Patented, Andrew A. Schwartz

Publications

In 2003, for the first time in its 170-year history, the United States Patent Office began awarding patents for novel legal innovations, in addition to traditional inventions such as the telephone or airplane. Commentators have accepted the Patent Office's power to grant legal method patents, but at the same time have criticized this new type of patent on policy grounds. But no one has suggested that the Patent Office exceeded its authority by awarding patents for legal methods, until now.

In the Patent Act of 1952, which is still in effect today, Congress established certain requirements for patentability, including a …

Book Review: Conquest In Cyberspace: National Security And Information Warfare, Gary C. Kessler

Publications

This document is Dr. Kessler's review of Conquest in Cyberspace: National Security and Information Warfare, by Martin C. Libicki. Cambridge University Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-521-69214-4

Measuring Faculty Perceptions Of Blackboard Using The Technology Acceptance Model, Leila Halawi, Richard Mccarthy

Publications

Web-based education offers the combination of self-paced learning and interactivity. We are just now beginning to empirically assess the differences between online education and traditional classroom based instruction. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) has been widely used in Information Systems research to analyze user perceptions of technology. This paper describes the results of an empirical study of faculty perception of Blackboard usage, utilizing TAM as its theoretical basis.

Multiphoton Response Of Retinal Rod Photoreceptors, Vasilios Alexiades, Harihar Khanal

Publications

Phototransduction is the process by which light is converted into an electrical response in retinal photoreceptors. Rod photoreceptors contain a stack of (about 1000) disc membranes packed with photopigment rhodopsin molecules, which absorb the photons. We present computational experiments which show the profound effect on the response of the distances (how many discs apart) photons happen to be absorbed at. This photon-distribution effect alone can account for much of the observed variability in response.

Indigenous Law And Its Contribution To Global Pluralism, James Anaya

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No abstract provided.

The Judicial Treatment Of Noneconomic Compensatory Damages In The 19th Century, Ronald J. Allen, Alexia Brunet

Publications

Do high verdicts for tort cases containing noneconomic damages have historical precedent? We present the results of our empirical inquiry into the treatment of noneconomic compensatory damages by the courts from 1800-1900. Using 1,175 tort cases from this era, we show that, notwithstanding constant reiteration of jury discretion over damages, courts tightly controlled awards. In fact, no case prior to 1900 permitted a noneconomic compensatory damages award exceeding $450,000 in current dollars. Logistic regression results reveal that an increase in total monetary damages is positively and significantly related to the probability of reversal when noneconomic damages were claimed, and that …

Arbitration Of International Oil, Gas, And Energy Disputes In Latin America, Alexia Brunet, Juan Agustin Lentini

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No abstract provided.

Beyond Enron: Regulation In Energy Derivatives Trading, Alexia Brunet, Meredith Shafe

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No abstract provided.

Disparate Impact Discrimination: The Limits Of Litigation, The Possibilities For Internal Compliance, Melissa Hart

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No abstract provided.