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Injection Mold Process Optimization For Surface Microfeature Control, Manjesh Dubey, Laine Mears, Andrew Cannon, Ralph Hulseman Mar 2011

Injection Mold Process Optimization For Surface Microfeature Control, Manjesh Dubey, Laine Mears, Andrew Cannon, Ralph Hulseman

Publications

No abstract provided.

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The Chromospheric Activity, Age, Metallicity, And Space Motions Of 36 Wide Binaries, J. K. Zhao, T. D. Oswalt, M. Rudkin, G. Zhao, Y. Q. Chen Feb 2011

The Chromospheric Activity, Age, Metallicity, And Space Motions Of 36 Wide Binaries, J. K. Zhao, T. D. Oswalt, M. Rudkin, G. Zhao, Y. Q. Chen

Publications

We present the chromospheric activity (CA) levels, metallicities, and full space motions for 41 F, G, K, and M dwarf stars in 36 wide binary systems. Thirty-one of the binaries contain a white dwarf (WD) component. In such binaries, the total age can be estimated by adding the cooling age of the WD to an estimate of the progenitor’s main-sequence lifetime. To better understand how CA correlates to stellar age, 14 cluster member stars were also observed. Our observations demonstrate for the first time that, in general, CA decays with age from 50 Myr to at least 8 Gyr for …

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The Chromospheric Activity, Age, Metallicty And Space Motions Of 36 Wide Binaries, J. K. Zhao, Terry D. Oswalt, M. Rudkin, G. Zhao, Y. Q. Chen Feb 2011

The Chromospheric Activity, Age, Metallicty And Space Motions Of 36 Wide Binaries, J. K. Zhao, Terry D. Oswalt, M. Rudkin, G. Zhao, Y. Q. Chen

Publications

We present the chromospheric activity (CA) levels, metallicities and full space motions for 41 F, G, K and M dwarf stars in 36 wide binary systems. Thirty-one of the binaries, contain a white dwarf component. In such binaries the total age can be estimated by adding the cooling age of the white dwarf to an estimate of the progenitor’s main sequence lifetime. To better understand how CA correlates to stellar age, 14 cluster member stars were also observed. Our observations demonstrate for the first time that in general CA decays with age from 50 Myr to at least 8 Gyr …

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In Vitro Validation Of Finite-Element Model Of Aaa Hemodynamics Incorporating Realistic Outlet Boundary Conditions, Ethan Kung, Andrea S. Les, Francisco Medina, Ryan B. Wicker, Michael V. Mcconnell, Charles A. Taylor Feb 2011

In Vitro Validation Of Finite-Element Model Of Aaa Hemodynamics Incorporating Realistic Outlet Boundary Conditions, Ethan Kung, Andrea S. Les, Francisco Medina, Ryan B. Wicker, Michael V. Mcconnell, Charles A. Taylor

Publications

The purpose of this study is to validate numerical simulations of flow and pressure in an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) using phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PCMRI) and an in vitro phantom under physiological flow and pressure conditions. We constructed a two-outlet physical flow phantom based on patient imaging data of an AAA and developed a physical Windkessel model to use as outlet boundary conditions. We then acquired PCMRI data in the phantom while it operated under conditions mimicking a resting and a light exercise physiological state. Next, we performed in silico numerical simulations and compared experimentally measured velocities, flows, and …

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Meeting Engineering Program Objectives Through Service Learning Opportunities In Developing Countries, Jeffrey M. Plumblee, Lansford Bell, Leidy E. Klotz Feb 2011

Meeting Engineering Program Objectives Through Service Learning Opportunities In Developing Countries, Jeffrey M. Plumblee, Lansford Bell, Leidy E. Klotz

Publications

The civil engineering profession, in an adaptive reaction to emerging roles for civil engineers, is recognizing the need for new engineers to possess a more robust skill set than just the typical design background. This paper describes the efforts of Clemson Engineers for Developing Countries (CEDC) to fulfill the more nontraditional and often unaddressed “learning outcomes” noted by ASCE’s Civil Engineering Body of Knowledge for the 21st Century as important prerequisites for licensure. The learning outcomes are addressed through ongoing international service learning projects in Cange, Haiti. The paper focuses on the following four outcomes and their fulfillment methods: leadership, …

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Validation Of Proposed Metrics For Two-Body Abrasion Scratch Test Analysis Standards, Ryan L. Kobrick, David M. Klaus, Kenneth W. Street Feb 2011

Validation Of Proposed Metrics For Two-Body Abrasion Scratch Test Analysis Standards, Ryan L. Kobrick, David M. Klaus, Kenneth W. Street

Publications

The objective of this work was to evaluate a set of standardized metrics proposed for characterizing a surface that has been scratched from a two-body abrasion test. This is achieved by defining a new abrasion region termed “Zone of Interaction” (ZOI). The ZOI describes the full surface profile of all peaks and valleys, rather than just measuring a scratch width as currently defined by the ASTM G 171 Standard. The ZOI has been found to be at least twice the size of a standard width measurement, in some cases considerably greater, indicating that at least half of the disturbed surface …

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Incoherent Scatter Radar Estimation Of F Region Ionospheric Composition During Frictional Heating Events, M. Zettergren, J. L. Semeter, C. Heinselman, M. Diaz Jan 2011

Incoherent Scatter Radar Estimation Of F Region Ionospheric Composition During Frictional Heating Events, M. Zettergren, J. L. Semeter, C. Heinselman, M. Diaz

Publications

A method is developed for estimating F region ion composition from incoherent scatter radar (ISR) measurements during times of frictional ion heating. The technique addresses ion temperature‐mass ambiguities in the IS spectra by self‐consistently modeling ion temperature profiles, including the effects of ion temperature anisotropies and altitude‐independent neutral winds. The modeled temperature profiles are used in a minimization procedure to estimate ion composition consistent with the recorded IS spectra. The proposed method is applicable to short‐integration (min) data sets from either single‐beam or multiple‐beam experiments. Application of the technique to Sondrestrom ISR measurements shows increases in F region molecular ions …

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Decolorization Of Azo Dye (Orange Mr) By An Autochthonous Bacterium, Micrococcus Sp. Dbs 2, Rajee Olaganathan, Jamila Patterson Jan 2011

Decolorization Of Azo Dye (Orange Mr) By An Autochthonous Bacterium, Micrococcus Sp. Dbs 2, Rajee Olaganathan, Jamila Patterson

Publications

Soil and sediment samples obtained from Orange MR dye contaminated habitat were screened for heterotrophic bacterial population. The heterotrophic bacterial density of dye-contaminated soil was 2.14 9 106 CFU/g. The generic composition of heterotrophic bacterial population was primarily composed of 10% of Proteus sp., 15% Aeromonas sp., 20% Bacillus sp., 25% Pseudomonas sp. and 30% Micrococcus sp. The bacterial strain that decolorized the azo dye Orange MR up to 900 ppm was identified as Micrococcus sp. The optimum inoculum load, pH and temperature were found to be 5%, 6 and 35°C, respectively. The rate of decolorization was assessed using spectrophotometer …

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A Characterization Of Power Method Transformations Through L-Moments, Todd C. Headrick Jan 2011

A Characterization Of Power Method Transformations Through L-Moments, Todd C. Headrick

Publications

Power method polynomial transformations are commonly used for simulating continuous nonnormal distributions with specified moments. However, conventional moment-based estimators can (a) be substantially biased, (b) have high variance, or (c) be influenced by outliers. In view of these concerns, a characterization of power method transformations by L-moments is introduced. Specifically, systems of equations are derived for determining coefficients for specified L-moment ratios, which are associated with standard normal and standard logistic-based polynomials of order five and three. Boundaries for L-moment ratios are also derived, and closed-formed formulae are provided for determining if a power method distribution has …

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Feasibility Of Public-Private Partnerships For Swamp Rabbit Conservation., Lyann Rubert, Eric M. Schauber, Clayton K. Nielsen, Paul D. Scharine Jan 2011

Feasibility Of Public-Private Partnerships For Swamp Rabbit Conservation., Lyann Rubert, Eric M. Schauber, Clayton K. Nielsen, Paul D. Scharine

Publications

The distribution and abundance of swamp rabbits in southern Illinois have decreased due to loss and fragmentation of bottomland hardwood forests. Remaining populations are likely isolated because of limited dispersal across open areas. Private citizens own 69% of highly suitable swamp rabbit habitat in southern Illinois, so public-private partnership is key to any conservation efforts. Owners of highly suitable habitat were sent mail surveys to determine current and acceptable forms of land management, participation in government incentive programs, and interest in swamp rabbit conservation. The response rate was 41%, and 69% of surveyed landowners indicated interest in learning about or …

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Flt3l Controls The Development Of Radiosensitive Dendritic Cells In The Meninges And Choroid Plexus Of The Steady-State Mouse Brain, Niroshana Anandasabapathy, Gabriel D. Victora, Matthew M. Meredith Jan 2011

Flt3l Controls The Development Of Radiosensitive Dendritic Cells In The Meninges And Choroid Plexus Of The Steady-State Mouse Brain, Niroshana Anandasabapathy, Gabriel D. Victora, Matthew M. Meredith

Publications

Antigen-presenting cells in the disease-free brain have been identified primarily by expression of antigens such as CD11b, CD11c, and MHC II, which can be shared by dendritic cells (DCs), microglia, and monocytes. In this study, starting with the criterion of Flt3 (FMS-like receptor tyrosine kinase 3)-dependent development, we characterize the features of authentic DCs within the meninges and choroid plexus in healthy mouse brains. Analyses of morphology, gene expression, and antigen-presenting function established a close relationship between meningeal and choroid plexus DCs (m/chDCs) and spleen DCs. DCs in both sites shared an intrinsic requirement for Flt3 ligand. Microarrays revealed differences …

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Dendritic Cells Induce Antigen-Specific Regulatory T Cells That Prevent Graft Versus Host Disease And Persist In Mice, Uri Sela, Peter Olds, Andrew Park Jan 2011

Dendritic Cells Induce Antigen-Specific Regulatory T Cells That Prevent Graft Versus Host Disease And Persist In Mice, Uri Sela, Peter Olds, Andrew Park

Publications

Foxp3 + regulatory T cells (T reg cells) effectively suppress immunity, but it is not determined if antigen-induced T reg cells (iT reg cells) are able to persist under conditions of inflammation and to stably express the transcription factor Foxp3. We used spleen cells to stimulate the mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) in the presence of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and retinoic acid. We found that the CD11c high dendritic cell fraction was the most potent at inducing high numbers of alloreactive Foxp3 + cells. The induced CD4 +CD25 +Foxp3 + cells appeared after extensive proliferation. When purified …

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Synthetic Double-Stranded Rna Induces Innate Immune Responses Similar To A Live Viral Vaccine In Humans, Marina Caskey, François Lefebvre, Ali Filali-Mouhim Jan 2011

Synthetic Double-Stranded Rna Induces Innate Immune Responses Similar To A Live Viral Vaccine In Humans, Marina Caskey, François Lefebvre, Ali Filali-Mouhim

Publications

Adjuvants are critical for the success of vaccines. Agonists of microbial pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are promising new adjuvant candidates. A mechanism through which adjuvants enhance immune responses is to stimulate innate immunity. We studied the innate immune response in humans to synthetic double-stranded RNA (polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly IC] stabilized with poly-l-lysine [poly ICLC]), an agonist for toll-like receptor (TLR) 3, and the cytosolic RNA helicase MDA-5. Transcriptional analysis of blood samples from eight volunteers, after subcutaneous administration of poly ICLC, showed upregulation of genes involved in multiple innate immune pathways in all subjects, including interferon (IFN) and inflammasome signaling. …

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Osprey Nest Abundance, Distribution, And Productivity In Casco Bay, Chris Desorbo Jan 2011

Osprey Nest Abundance, Distribution, And Productivity In Casco Bay, Chris Desorbo

Publications

Ospreys are one of the most well-established ecological bioindicator species because their nest distribution and productivity reflect patterns and changes in the foodweb that supports them. Osprey tissues (eggs, blood, feathers) reflect contaminants in aquatic ecosystems and as a result, they are regularly sampled throughout their range to monitor geographic and temporal contaminant patterns.

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Evaluation Of Different Signal Processing Options In Unilateral And Bilateral Cochlear Freedom Implant Recipients Using R-Space Background Noise, Alison M. Brockmeyer, Lisa G. Potts Jan 2011

Evaluation Of Different Signal Processing Options In Unilateral And Bilateral Cochlear Freedom Implant Recipients Using R-Space Background Noise, Alison M. Brockmeyer, Lisa G. Potts

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No abstract provided.

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To See Daydreams: The Glass Utopia Of Paul Scheerbart And Bruno Taut, Ufuk Ersoy Jan 2011

To See Daydreams: The Glass Utopia Of Paul Scheerbart And Bruno Taut, Ufuk Ersoy

Publications

In 1914, the passionate young architect Bruno Taut (1880-1938) and the bohemian poet Paul Scheerbart (1863-1915) drew a parallel between the two imaginative disciplines of building and narrative and committed themselves to a shared vision of Utopia. Both sought to represent an archetype of “glass architecture”; one by narrating, the other by building. Highly critical of existing architecture and social conditions, they were in search of an inspiring alternative, as were many of their more progressive contemporaries. Yet, what made Taut and Scheerbart’s shared approach more sophisticated than that of their contemporaries also left it open to criticism. In particular, …

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Why Should A Library Invest In You? Or, How To Succeed With Short-Term Library And Archival Fellowship Grants, Susanna Ashton Jan 2011

Why Should A Library Invest In You? Or, How To Succeed With Short-Term Library And Archival Fellowship Grants, Susanna Ashton

Publications

Short term library fellowships are quite likely the single most common kind of national research grant given out to scholars in the humanities. The Massachusetts Historical Society alone gives out twenty short- term library fellowships. Almost ev-ery major private university and scholarly library (including the Huntington, New-berry, Yale’s Beinecke, Harvard’s Houghton, and the New- York Historical Society), many public universities (such as the University of Texas, Austin), many major pub-lic libraries (such as the Boston Public Library and the New York Public Library), and many small specialized research libraries administrate these types of grants.

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Mapping Engineering Concepts For Secondary Level Education, Jenny L. Daugherty Jan 2011

Mapping Engineering Concepts For Secondary Level Education, Jenny L. Daugherty

Publications

Much of the national attention on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education tends to concentrate on science and mathematics, with its emphasis on standardized test scores. However as the National Academy of Engineering Committee on K-12 Engineering Education stressed, engineering can contribute to the development of an effective and interconnected STEM education system (Katehi, Pearson, & Feder, 2009). In addition, engineering can provide authentic learning contexts for science, technology, and mathematics. Numerous K-12 engineering initiatives have emerged across the U.S. developing curriculum and conducting teacher professional development (Brophy, Klein, Portsmore, & Rogers, 2008). The focus of pre-college engineering education …

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Mapping Engineering Concepts For Secondary Level Education, J. L. Daugherty Jan 2011

Mapping Engineering Concepts For Secondary Level Education, J. L. Daugherty

Publications

No abstract provided.

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Engineering Design Thinking And Information Gathering Final Report, Nathan Mentzer Jan 2011

Engineering Design Thinking And Information Gathering Final Report, Nathan Mentzer

Publications

The objective of this research was to explore the relationship between information access and design solution quality of high school students presented with an engineering design problem. This objective is encompassed in the research question driving this inquiry: How does information access impact the design process? This question has emerged in the context of an exploratory DR-K12 grant project titled, Exploring Engineering Design Knowing and Thinking as an Innovation in STEM Learning. The research work presented here has expanded the data set developed in the DR-K12 and examined the larger data set with a focus on how information access impacts …

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Understanding Of Student Task Interpretation, Design Planning, And Cognitive Strategies During Engineering Design Activities In Grades 9-12, Oenardi Lawanto Jan 2011

Understanding Of Student Task Interpretation, Design Planning, And Cognitive Strategies During Engineering Design Activities In Grades 9-12, Oenardi Lawanto

Publications

The objective of this study was to describe the task interpretation of students engaged in a design activity and determine the extent to which students translate their understanding of their design task to their planning and cognitive strategies. Twenty-nine students at one Colorado high school participated in this study. Students worked individually in the Architectural Design class (n=7), and in teams in the Robotics Design class (n=22). To capture students’ perceptions of their understanding of the task, planning strategies, and cognitive strategies, the Engineering Design Questionnaire (EDQ) was used. The development of the EDQ was guided by Butler and Cartier’s …

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Design Problems For Secondary Students, David H. Jonassen Jan 2011

Design Problems For Secondary Students, David H. Jonassen

Publications

Are there different kinds of design problems? According to Brown and Chandrasekaran (1989), Class 1 design problems are open-ended, non-routine creative activities where the goals are ill-structured, and there is no effective design plan specifying the sequence of actions to take in producing a design model. Class 2 problems use existing, well-developed design and decomposition plans (e.g. designing a new automobile). Class 3 designs are routine where design and decomposition plans are known as well as customary actions taken to deal with failures (e.g., writing a computer program). Jonassen (2011) argued that problems vary in terms of structuredness, complexity, and …

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Femoral Loading Mechanics In The Virginia Opossum (Didelphis Virginiana): Torsion And Mediolateral Bending In Mammalian Locomotion, W. Casey Gosnell, Michael T. Butcher, Takashi Maie, Richard W. Blob Jan 2011

Femoral Loading Mechanics In The Virginia Opossum (Didelphis Virginiana): Torsion And Mediolateral Bending In Mammalian Locomotion, W. Casey Gosnell, Michael T. Butcher, Takashi Maie, Richard W. Blob

Publications

Studies of limb bone loading in terrestrial mammals have typically found anteroposterior bending to be the primary loading regime, with torsion contributing minimally. However, previous studies have focused on large, cursorial eutherian species in which the limbs are held essentially upright. Recent in vivo strain data from the Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana), a marsupial that uses a crouched rather than an upright limb posture, have indicated that its femur experiences appreciable torsion during locomotion as well as strong mediolateral bending. The elevated femoral torsion and strong mediolateral bending observed in D. virginiana might result from external forces such as a …

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Loading Mechanics Of The Femur In Tiger Salamanders (Ambystoma Tigrinum) During Terrestrial Locomotion., K. Megan Sheffield, Richard W. Blob Jan 2011

Loading Mechanics Of The Femur In Tiger Salamanders (Ambystoma Tigrinum) During Terrestrial Locomotion., K. Megan Sheffield, Richard W. Blob

Publications

Salamanders are often used as representatives of the basal tetrapod body plan in functional studies, but little is known about the loads experienced by their limb bones during locomotion. Although salamanders' slow walking speeds might lead to low locomotor forces and limb bone stresses similar to those of non-avian reptiles, their highly sprawled posture combined with relatively small limb bones could produce elevated limb bone stresses closer to those of avian and mammalian species. This study evaluates the loads on the femur of the tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) during terrestrial locomotion using three-dimensional measurements of the ground reaction force (GRF) …

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Forelimb Kinematics And Motor Patterns Of Swimming Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta Caretta): Are Motor Patterns Conserved In The Evolution Of New Locomotor Strategies? , Angela R.V. Rivera, Jeanette Wyneken, Richard W. Blob Jan 2011

Forelimb Kinematics And Motor Patterns Of Swimming Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta Caretta): Are Motor Patterns Conserved In The Evolution Of New Locomotor Strategies? , Angela R.V. Rivera, Jeanette Wyneken, Richard W. Blob

Publications

Novel functions in animals may evolve through changes in morphology, muscle activity or a combination of both. The idea that new functions or behavior can arise solely through changes in structure, without concurrent changes in the patterns of muscle activity that control movement of those structures, has been formalized as the neuromotor conservation hypothesis. In vertebrate locomotor systems, evidence for neuromotor conservation is found across evolutionary transitions in the behavior of terrestrial species, and in evolutionary transitions from terrestrial species to flying species. However, evolutionary transitions in the locomotion of aquatic species have received little comparable study to determine whether …

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Hydrodynamic Stability Of The Painted Turtle (Chrysemys Picta): Effects Of Four-Limbed Rowing Versus Forelimb Flapping In Rigid-Bodied Tetrapods. , Gabriel Rivera, Angela R.V. Rivera, Richard W. Blob Jan 2011

Hydrodynamic Stability Of The Painted Turtle (Chrysemys Picta): Effects Of Four-Limbed Rowing Versus Forelimb Flapping In Rigid-Bodied Tetrapods. , Gabriel Rivera, Angela R.V. Rivera, Richard W. Blob

Publications

Hydrodynamic stability is the ability to resist recoil motions of the body produced by destabilizing forces. Previous studies have suggested that recoil motions can decrease locomotor performance, efficiency and sensory perception and that swimming animals might utilize kinematic strategies or possess morphological adaptations that reduce recoil motions and produce more stable trajectories. We used high-speed video to assess hydrodynamic stability during rectilinear swimming in the freshwater painted turtle (Chrysemys picta). Parameters of vertical stability (heave and pitch) were non-cyclic and variable, whereas measures of lateral stability (sideslip and yaw) showed repeatable cyclic patterns. In addition, because freshwater and marine turtles …

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Locomotor Loading Mechanics In The Hindlimbs Of Tegu Lizards (Tupinambis Merinae): Comparitive And Evolutionary Implications, K. Megan Sheffield, Michael T. Butcher, S. Katherine Shugart, Jennifer C. Gander, Richard W. Blob Jan 2011

Locomotor Loading Mechanics In The Hindlimbs Of Tegu Lizards (Tupinambis Merinae): Comparitive And Evolutionary Implications, K. Megan Sheffield, Michael T. Butcher, S. Katherine Shugart, Jennifer C. Gander, Richard W. Blob

Publications

Skeletal elements are usually able to withstand several times their usual load before they yield, and this ratio is known as the bone's safety factor. Limited studies on amphibians and non-avian reptiles have shown that they have much higher limb bone safety factors than birds and mammals. It has been hypothesized that this difference is related to the difference in posture between upright birds and mammals and sprawling ectotherms; however, limb bone loading data from a wider range of sprawling species are needed in order to determine whether the higher safety factors seen in amphibians and non-avian reptiles are ancestral …

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Biodiesel Production From Crude Cottonseed Oil: An Optimization Process Using Response Surface Methodology, Xiaohu Fan, Xi Wang, Feng Chen Jan 2011

Biodiesel Production From Crude Cottonseed Oil: An Optimization Process Using Response Surface Methodology, Xiaohu Fan, Xi Wang, Feng Chen

Publications

Biodiesel, known as fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), was produced from crude cottonseed oil (triglycerides) by transesterification with methanol in the presence of sodium hydroxide. This process was optimized by applying factorial design and response surface methodology (RSM) with SAS and PSIPLOT programs. A second-order mathematical model was obtained to predict the yield as a function of methanol/oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration, reaction temperature, and rate of mixing. Based on ridge max analysis and RSM, as well as economic cost consideration, the practical optimal condition for the production of biodiesel was found to be: methanol/oil molar ratio, 7.9; temperature, 53 …

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Developing Digital Vegetation For Central Hardwood Forest Types: A Case Study From Leslie County, Ky, William Conner, Bo Song, Wei-Lun Tsai, Chiao-Ying Chou, Thomas M. Williams, Brian J. Williams Jan 2011

Developing Digital Vegetation For Central Hardwood Forest Types: A Case Study From Leslie County, Ky, William Conner, Bo Song, Wei-Lun Tsai, Chiao-Ying Chou, Thomas M. Williams, Brian J. Williams

Publications

Digital vegetation is the computerized representation, with either virtual images or animations, of vegetation types and conditions based on current measurements or ecological models. Digital vegetation can be useful in evaluating past, present, or future land use; changes in vegetation linked to climate change; or restoration efforts. Digital vegetation can be spatially explicit at various scales: region, subregion, landscape, landtype, forest, or stand. Advances in computer technology allow us to build digital vegetation based on integrated environmental information (i.e., soils, topography, forest types, and vegetation composition).

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60th Yearbook Of The Literacy Research Association, Kathy Headley, Susan King Fullerton, Pamela M. Stecker, Victoria R. Gillis, C. C. Bates Jan 2011

60th Yearbook Of The Literacy Research Association, Kathy Headley, Susan King Fullerton, Pamela M. Stecker, Victoria R. Gillis, C. C. Bates

Publications

No abstract provided.

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