Digital Commons Network^™

The Internet, Innovation, And Intellectual Property Policy, Philip J. Weiser

Publications

The Internet continues to transform the information industries and challenge intellectual property law to develop a competition policy strategy to regulate networked products. In particular, inventors of "information platforms" that support the viewing of content-be they instant messaging systems, media players, or Web browsers-face a muddled set of legal doctrines that govern the scope of available intellectual property protection. This uncertainty reflects a fundamental debate about what conditions will best facilitate innovation in the information industries--a debate most often played out at the conceptual extremes between the "commons" and "proprietary control" approaches to the Internet and intellectual property policy.

This …

Locked In Inequality: The Persistence Of Discrimination, Daria Roithmayr

Publications

In this Article, I argue that the practice of charging school fees to attend public school is an example of locked-in discrimination that persists over time, even in the absence of intentional discrimination. Exploring the lock-in model of discrimination in the unique context of South Africa, I make two central points. First, discriminatory practices often become locked into institutional structures because high switching costs-the costs of moving from a discriminatory practice to an inclusive one--make it too difficult for an institution to discontinue discriminating. Even when institutional actors are filly committed to eradicating racial disparity, they may be constrained from …

Facts, Rights, And Remedies, Wadie E. Said

Publications

Given the Palestinian refugees' precarious legal status in their host countries, recognition of the Palestinian right of return is not only legally viable, but also crucial for the establishment of a just and lasting peace in the Middle East. That racially driven demographic considerations have been employed up until now to derail binding and directly applicable laws and practices, as well as keep the refugees in a state of legal limbo in their host countries, cuts to the heart of the fundamental injustice currently plaguing the Middle East. No amount of obfuscating the facts and the law can tarnish the …

The Catalog Vs. The Home Page? Best Practices In Connecting To Online Resources, Georgia Briscoe, Karen Selden, Cheryl Rae Nyberg

Publications

Connecting users to the best available sources of legal information is one of the traditional functions of the law library. These sources now include Web sites, electronic journals, and subscription databases. This article explores the best way to bring these useful Internet resources to the attention of users, concentrating on the pros and cons of using the catalog or the home page.

A Short History Of Poverty Lawyers In The United States, Deborah J. Cantrell

Publications

No abstract provided.

Managing Interjurisdictional Waters Under The Great Lakes Charter Annex, Mark Squillace, Sandra Zellmer

Publications

No abstract provided.

Six Opinions By Mr. Justice Stevens: A New Methodology For Constitutional Cases?, Robert F. Nagel

Publications

No abstract provided.

Modularity, Vertical Integration, And Open Access Policies: Towards A Convergence Of Antitrust And Regulation In The Internet Age, Joseph Farrell, Philip J. Weiser

Publications

Antitrust law and telecommunications regulation have long adopted different stances on whether to mandate open access to information platforms. This article aims to help regulators and commentators incorporate both Chicago School and post-Chicago School arguments in evaluating this basic policy choice, suggesting how they can be integrated in an effective manner. In particular, the authors outline three alternative models that the FCC could adopt to guide its regulation of information platforms and facilitate a true convergence between antitrust and regulatory policy.

Filling In The Blank Spots On Powell's And Stegner's Maps: The Role Of Modern Indian Tribes In Western Watersheds, Charles Wilkinson

Publications

No abstract provided.

Marbury V. Madison And Modern Judicial Review, Robert F. Nagel

Publications

This Article compares the realist critique of Marbury with several revisionist defenses of that decision. Realists claim to see Marbury as essentially political and thus as the fountainhead of modern judicial review. Revisionists claim to see the decision as legalistically justified and thus inconsistent with current practices. Close examination, however, indicates that, despite sharp rhetorical differences, these two accounts are largely complementary rather than inconsistent. Each envisions Marbury as embodying elements of both political realism and legal formalism. Once the false argument about whether Marbury was either political or legal is put aside, it is possible to trace the influence …

State Transportation Funding Trends And Comparative State Assessment, 2002 December 31, James B. London, Ellen Weeks Saltzman, H. Gunsel Gunaydin, Rajeev Shah

Publications

Special report no. 2

How Massive Single Stars End Their Life, A. Heger, C. L. Fryer, S. E. Woosley, N. Langer, Dieter H. Hartmann

Publications

How massive stars die - what sort of explosion and remnant each produces - depends chiefly on the masses of their helium cores and hydrogen envelopes at death. For single stars, stellar winds are the only means of mass loss, and these are chiefly a function of the metallicity of the star. We dicuss how meallicity, and a simplified prescription for its effect on mass loss, affects the evolution and final fate of massive stars. We map, as a function of mass and metallicity, where black holes and neutron stars are likely to form and where different types of supernovae …

Statistics Of The Contact Network In Frictional And Frictionless Granular Packings, Leo Silbert, Gary S. Grest, James W. Landry

Publications

Simulated granular packings with different particle friction coefficient μ are examined. The distribution of the particle-particle and particle-wall normal and tangential contact forces P(f) are computed and compared with existing experimental data. Here f≡F/F̅ is the contact force F normalized by the average value F̅ . P(f) exhibits exponential-like decay at large forces, a plateau/peak near f=1, with additional features at forces smaller than the average that depend on μ. Additional information beyond the one-point force distribution functions is provided in the form of the force-force spatial distribution function and the contact point radial distribution function. These quantities indicate that …

Aurora Working Group: Dsr Front End Lvcsr Evaluation Au/384/02, Naveen Parihar, Joseph Picone

Publications

In this document we describe the Distributed Speech Recognition (DSR) front end large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) evaluations being conducted by the Aurora Working Group of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). The objective of these evaluations is to determine the robustness of different front ends for use in client/server type telecommunications applications. The 5000-word closed-loop vocabulary task based on the DARPA Wall Street Journal (WSJ0) Corpus was chosen for these evaluations. The experiments were designed to test the following focus conditions:

1. Additive Noise: six noise conditions collected from street traffic, train stations, cars, babble, restaurants and airports …

The Economic Situation, 2002 December, Bruce Yandle

Publications

Quarterly report on the economic situation of the United States and South Carolina.

Survey Of Aviation Maintenance Technical Manuals, Phase 3 Report: Final Report And Recommendations, Alex Chaparro, Loren S. Groff

Publications

This report contains the results from the final phase of a three-phase research effort. Phase 1 of this research effort surveyed the procedures used by five aircraft manufacturers to develop maintenance documentation. Several potential human factors issues were identified in the processes used by these manufacturers to develop their maintenance manuals. The issues included the reactive rather than proactive use of user evaluations, the limited use of user input and procedure validation, no systematic attempts to track errors, and the lack of standards for measuring document quality. In Phase 2, a written survey was used to solicit information about user …

An Observation Of A Fast External Atmospheric Acoustic-Gravity Wave, J. H. Hecht, R. L. Walterscheid, Michael P. Hickey Ph.D., R. J. Rudy, A. Z. Liu

Publications

In November 1999 a new near-IR airglow imaging system was deployed at the Starfire Optical Range outside of Albuquerque, New Mexico. This system allowed wide angle images of the airglow to be collected, with high signal to noise, every 3 seconds with a one second integration time. At approximately 1000 UT on November 17, 1999, a fast wavelike disturbance was seen propagating through the OH Meinel airglow layer. This wave had an observed period of ≈215 seconds, an observed phase velocity of ≈160 m/s and a horizontal wavelength of ≈35 km. This phase velocity is among the fastest yet reported …

Zola(R) Energy: On The Film Adaptations Of Emile Zola's La Bete Humaine, Walter C. Metz

Publications

This essay reads the Fritz Lang film noir, Human Desire (1954) as an intertextual reworking of La Bete humaine (Jean Renoir, 1938), in turn an adaptation of Emile Zola's eponymous novel (1890). I argue that whereas Renoir's film worries about the impending World War II, Lang's grapples with the noir legacy of a post-war world devoid of hope. This traps Zola's novel in a middle ground: the novel is set on the brink of the French destruction in the Franco-Prussian War of 1871, but is written twenty years afterward.

Coupling Of Coamps And Wavetech With Improved Wave Physics, Shahrdad Sajjadi, Pat Fitzpatrick, Gueorgui Mostovoi, Yongzuo Li, Matt Bettencourt

Publications

The Model Coupling Executable Library (MCEL), developed at the University of Southern Mississippi's Center of Higher Learning, has been successfully used to couple the Coupled Ocean/Atmospheric Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) and the ocean wave model WAVEWATCH. An example of its application is shown for Hurricane Gordon, showing that two-way coupling results affects boundary layer physics differently than one-way coupling --- in this case, resulting in larger o z and, consequently, larger surface fluxes and a more intense hurricane. However, since analyzing MCEL is difficult because the wave physics is inaccurate, improvements to the wave algorithms are also part of the …

Evaluation Of Inspectra Uv Analyzer For Measuring Conventional Water And Wastewater Parameters, Lizette R. Chevalier, C. N. Irwin, J. N. Craddock

Publications

A relatively new analytical instrument for the measurement of BOD5, COD, TSS, TOC, nitrates and surfactants has been developed commercially. It is based on the use of ultraviolet spectrophotometry and a deterministic approach to analyze the sample’s spectrum by comparing it with a series of historical reference spectra. Using standard methods for the measurement of BOD5, TSS and TOC as true values, the use of this instrument was evaluated. The samples tested were obtained from both wastewater and water treatment facilities. Results indicate that the BOD5 measurement performed best. There was no correlation found for TSS or TOC.

The Economic Situation, 2002 June, Bruce Yandle

Publications

Quarterly report on the economic situation of the United States and South Carolina.

Lotis, Super-Lotis, Sloan Digital Sky Survey, And Tautenburg Observations Of Grb 010921, H. S. Park, G. G. Williams, Dieter H. Hartmann, D. Q. Lamb, B. C. Lee, D. L. Tucker, S. Klose, B. Stecklum, A. Henden, J. Adelman

Publications

We present multi-instrument optical observations of the High Energy Transient Explorer (HETE-2) and In-terplanetary Network error box of GRB 010921. This event was the first gamma-ray burst (GRB) partly localized by HETE-2 that has resulted in the detection of an optical afterglow. In this Letter, we report the earliest known observations of the GRB 010921 field, taken with the 0.11 m Livermore Optical Transient Imaging System (LOTIS) telescope, and the earliest known detection of the GRB 010921 optical afterglow, using the 0.5 m Sloan Digital Sky Survey Photometric Telescope (SDSS PT). Observations with the LOTIS telescope began during a routine …

Survey Of Aviation Technical Manuals, Phase 2 Report: User Evaluation Of Maintenance Documents, Alex Chaparro, Loren S. Groff, Barbara S. Chaparro, Deborah Scarlett

Publications

This report contains the results from Phase 2 of a 3-phase research effort. Phase 1 (Human Factors Survey of Aviation Technical Manuals Phase 1 Report: Manual Development Procedures) of this research effort surveyed the procedures used by five manufacturers to develop maintenance documentation. Several potential human factors issues were identified in the development processes employed by these manufacturers. They included the reactive rather than proactive use of user evaluations, the limited use of user input and procedure validation, no systematic attempts to track error, and the lack of standards for measuring document quality. In Phase 2, a written survey was …

The Economic Situation, Special Report, 2002 April 12, Bruce Yandle

Publications

Quarterly report on the economic situation of the United States and South Carolina.

Process-Product Ambiguity: Theorizing A Perspective On World Wide Web Argumentation, Sean Williams

Publications

No abstract provided.

Human Factors Survey Of Aviation Maintenance Technical Manuals, Alex Chaparro, Loren S. Groff

Publications

The reported work is part of a 3 phased effort to identify human factors issues in the development of aviation technical manuals, and make recommendations for the improvement of those documents. Phase 1 of this research effort surveyed the procedures used by five manufacturers to develop maintenance documentation. Several human factors issues were identified in the development process employed by these manufacturers. They included the reactive rather than proactive use of user evaluations, the limited use of user input and procedure validation, no systematic attempts to track error, and the lack of standards for measuring document quality. Given the issues …

Ir-Based Estimation Of Velocities Above Flames Spreading Over Different Fuels, Lulu Sun, Xiangyang Zhou, David R. Weise, Shankar Mahalingam

Publications

Wildfire spread in living vegetation such as chaparral in California and eucalyptus forests in Australia often causes significant damage to infrastructure and ecosystems. A physically based empirical model to predict fire spread rate is used in the United States to assist in a variety of fire management operations. The spread model does not adequately describe the chemical processes of combustion in live fuels.

Prior to describing and modeling the chemical processes of combustion in wildland fuels using computational fluid dynamics, we are investigating a technique to non-intrusively measure flame gas velocities using thermal imagery. By tracing "hot" pixels through successive …

A Plan For The Future Of The Presumpscot River: Fisheries Conditions, Issues And Opportunities, Presumpscot River Management Plan Steering Committee, Coastal Conservation Association, Greater Portland Council Of Governments, Hannaford Brothers, Maine Atlantic Salmon Commission, Maine Dept. Of Environmental Protection, Maine Dept. Of Inland Fisheries & Wildlife, Maine Dept. Of Marine Resources, Usda Natural Resources Conservation Service, Portland Trails, Portland Water District, Presumpscot River Watch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Publications

No abstract provided.

Avoiding Horror Autotoxicus: The Importance Of Dendritic Cells In Peripheral T Cell Tolerance, Ralph M. Steinman, Michel C. Nussenzweig

Publications

The immune system generally avoids horror autotoxicus or autoimmunity, an attack against the body's own constituents. This avoidance requires that self-reactive T cells be actively silenced or tolerized. We propose that dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in establishing tolerance, especially in the periphery, after functioning T cells have been produced in the thymus. In the steady state, meaning in the absence of acute infection and inflammation, DCs are in an immature state and not fully differentiated to carry out their known roles as inducers of immunity. Nevertheless, immature DCs continuously circulate through tissues and into lymphoid organs, capturing …

Preparation Of Clinical-Grade Recombinant Canarypox-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccine-Loaded Human Dendritic Cells, Mary A. Marovich, John R. Mascola, Michael A. Eller

Publications

Preclinical data are reported that support a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine strategy using recombinant canarypox-HIV vectors (ALVAC-HIV) to load human dendritic cells (DCs) with HIV antigens. Clinical-grade DCs were infected with good manufacturing practice-grade ALVAC-HIV vaccine constructs. ALVAC infection, HIV gene expression, and DC viability and function were monitored by use of immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, blastogenesis assays, antigen-specific interferon (IFN)-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay protein detection. The vaccines infected both immature and mature DCs, and intracellular HIV-1 Gag protein was detected within hours. ALVAC-HIV induced DC maturation that was mediated by tumor necrosis factor-α and induced …