Digital Commons Network^™

The Distinct Leukocyte Integrins Of Mouse Spleen Dendritic Cells As Identified With New Hamster Monoclonal Antibodies, Joshua P. Metlay, Margit D. Witmer-Pack, Ralf Agger

Publications

[No abstract available]

Migration And Maturation Of Langerhans Cells In Skin Transplants And Explants, Christian P. Larsen, Ralph M. Steinman, Margit D. Witmer-Pack

Publications

The behavior of Langerhans cells (LC) has been examined after skin transplantation and in an organ culture system. Within 24 h (and even within 4 h of culture), LC in epidermal sheets from allografts, isografts, and explants dramatically increased in size and expression of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules, and their numbers were markedly decreased. Using a new procedure, dermal sheets were then examined. By 24 h, cells resembling LC were found close to the epidermal-dermal junction, and by 3 d, they formed cords in dermal lymphatics before leaving the skin. In organ culture, the cells continued to migrate …

Dendritic Cells Pulsed With Protein Antigens In Vitro Can Prime Antigen-Specific, Mhc-Restricted T Cells In Situ, Kayo Inaba, Joshua P. Metlay, Mary T. Crowley, Ralph M. Steinman

Publications

T cells recognize peptides that are bound to MHC molecules on the surface of different types of antigen-presenting cells (APC). Antigen presentation most often is studied using T cells that have undergone priming in situ, or cell lines that have been chronically stimulated in vitro. The use of primed cells provides sufficient numbers of antigen-reactive lymphocytes for experimental study. A more complete understanding of immunogenicity, however, requires that one develop systems for studying the onset of a T cell response from unprimed lymphocytes, especially in situ. Here it is shown that mouse T cells can be reliably primed in situ …

Antigen Processing By Epidermal Langerhans Cells Correlates With The Level Of Biosynthesis Of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class Ii Molecules And Expression Of Invariant Chain, Ellen Puré, Kayo Inaba, Mary T. Crowley

Publications

Two prior studies with a small number of T cell lines have shown that the presentation of native protein antigens by epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) is regulated. When freshly isolated, LC are efficient antigen-presenting cells (APC), but after a period of culture LC are inefficient or even inactive. The deficit in culture seems to be a selective loss in antigen processing, since cultured LC are otherwise rich in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II products and are active APC for alloantigens and mitogens, which do not require processing. We have extended the analysis by studying presentation to bulk populations of …

A Philosophy Of Permanence: The Indians' Legacy For The West, David Getches

Publications

Article published in the July, 1990 issue of the Journal of the West.

The Community Leader's Letters, Vol. 1, No. 3, 1990 Fall, Author Unknown

Publications

Quarterly publication on news and views for South Carolina's grassroots leaders.

The Community Leader's Letters, Vol. 1, No. 4, 1990 Winter, Author Unknown

Publications

Quarterly publication on news and views for South Carolina's grassroots leaders.

Dendritic Cells Stimulate Primary Human Cytolytic Lymphocyte Responses In The Absence Of Cd4+ Helper T Cells, James W. Young, Ralph M. Steinman

Publications

[No abstract available]

The Effect Of Immunosuppressive Agents On The Induction Of Nuclear Factors That Bind To Sites On The Interleukin 2 Promoter, Angela Granelli-Piperno, Patricia Nolan, Kayo Inaba, Ralph M. Steinman

Publications

Cyclosporin A (CSA), FK506, and glucocorticosteroids all inhibit the production of lymphokines by decreasing lymphokine gene expression. Previous experiments have defined six different sites that may contribute to the transcriptional control of the interleukin 2 (IL2) promoter, and for each, active nuclear binding factors are induced upon mitogenic stimulation. While dexamethasone markedly blocks the increase in IL2 mRNA in stimulated human blood T cells, we found that the drug does not block the appearance of factors that bind to the transcriptional control sites termed AP-1, AP-3, NF-kB, OCT1, B site, and NF-AT. In contrast, both CSA and FK506 have similar …

Court-Appointed Attorneys: Old Problems And New Solutions, H. Patrick Furman

Publications

No abstract provided.

Looking In Our Backyards, Georgia Briscoe

Publications

No abstract provided.

Book Review, Richard B. Collins

Publications

No abstract provided.

Book Review, Mark J. Loewenstein

Publications

No abstract provided.

Book Review, William T. Pizzi

Publications

No abstract provided.

Advice, Consent, And Influence, Robert F. Nagel

Publications

No abstract provided.

Meeting The Enemy, Robert F. Nagel

Publications

No abstract provided.

Age Structure Of Refractory Interstellar Dust And Isotopic Consequences, Donald D. Clayton, Paul Scowen, Kurt Liffman

Publications

A sputtering and recycling Monte Carlo model, developed by Liffman and Clayton (1988) is used to calculate the distribution of existence times of the matter in interstellar dust composed of refractory metals. The mean age of each dust particle is defined not as the time it has existed but rather as the mass-weighted existence times of its parts at t = 6 Gyr of the modeled solar system formation. It is shown that Galactic evolution generates a mean correlation, applying to large numbers of particles binned according to size rather than according to individual particles, whose mean ages fluctuate statistically. …

Aerodynamic Forces On Flight Crew Helmets, Timothy A. Sestak, Richard M. Howard, Chester A. Heard

Publications

Wind tunnel tests were conducted to deter- mine the aerodynamic forces generated on aircrew flight helmets. Three helmets were tested: two used by aircrews flying ejection seat aircraft in the U.S. military, the Navy HGU-33/P and the Air Force HGU-53/P; and one prototype helmet of significantly different shape and volume. Axial and normal forces were measured through a range of pitch and yaw angles. It was found that large forces exist tending to promote helmet loss during ejection, and that simple modifications to the current helmet configurations can reduce those forces by as much as 40%. It is demonstrated that …

Impact Of An Interbasin Water Transfer On The Market Values Of Lakeshore Properties, 1989 August, Janardan Bikram Khatri-Chhetri, James C. Hite 1941-

Publications

No abstract provided.

Angular Clustering Properties Of Gamma-Ray Bursts And Quantitative Constraints On Their Distances, Dieter Hartmann, George R. Blumenthal

Publications

We derive upper limits on the angular correlation function W(θ) of γ-ray bursts and show that these limits substantially constrain the sources to be very nearby or very distant. Since quiescent counterparts of γ-ray bursts have not as yett been unambiguously identified in any wavelength band, the γ burst distance scale remains uncertain. Earlier work has shown that the angular distribution of γ-ray burts on the celestial sphere axies of clusters. To test whether or not γ-ray bursts are associated with objects at great distance, we compare their clustering propertis with theose of known extragalctic populations, such as galaxies or …

Transboundary Groundwaters: The Bellagio Draft Treaty, Robert D. Hayton, Albert E. Utton

Publications

Increasing populations and industrial and agricultural development worldwide are placing much greater demands on groundwater supplies. Many of these groundwater basins or aquifers underlie two or more countries and are, thus, international or transboundary. Withdrawals from one country can drain life-giving water from a neighboring country and, as a consequence, be the source of severe and protracted conflict. Unfortunately, international law and treaty practice are only at a beginning stage. With the goal of advancing international law and institutions on the matter, a multi-disciplinary group of specialists over an eight-year period have developed a draft international groundwater treaty.

The draft …

Stochastic Evolution Of Refractory Interstellar Dust During The Chemical Evolution Of A Two-Phase Interstellar Medium, Kurt Liffman, Donald D. Clayton

Publications

The evolution course of refractory interstellar dust during the chemical evolution of a two-phase interstellar medium (ISM) is studied using a simple model of the chemical evolution of ISM. It is assumed that, in this medium, the stars are born in molecular clouds, but new nucleosynthesis products and stellar return are entered into a complementary diffuse medium; the well-mixed matter of each interstellar phase is repeatedly cycled stochastically through the complementary phase and back. The dust is studied on a particle-by-particle bases as it is sputtered by shock waves in the diffuse medium, accretes an amorphous mantle of gaseous refractory …

Origin Of Heavy Xenon In Meteoritic Diamonds, Donald D. Clayton

Publications

The neutrino burst from the collapsed core in Type II supernovae liberates free neutrons by nu, nu-prime(n) reactions which drive isotopic abundances several mass steps heavier. The neutron fluence in the He shell, abetted by another burst 10 s later from alpha, n reactions, is about right for rendering Xe-136, the most abundant Xe isotope. The Xe isotopic composition is a good match to Xe-H, the unshielded neutron-rich Xe component abundant in carbonaceous meteorites. The He shell is implicated because it is the only C-rich shell in massive stars that can be expected to condense solid carbon thermally, a requirement …

Uaa Student Showcase Journal: Recognizing Excellence (Spring, 1989), N/A N/A

Publications

No abstract provided.

Ots 1809+314 And The Gamma-Ray Burst Gb 790325b, Dieter H. Hartmann, Richard W. Pogge, Kevin Hurley, Frederick J. Vrba, Mark C. Jennings

Publications

We present deep CCD images of the field containing the recurring Optical Transient Source (OTS) 1809+314 recently discovered on the archival plates of the Sonneberg Observatory. At the position of OTS 1809+314 we find no optical counterpart brighter tha V=24.0 24.5, rgunn = 22.0-22.5 and I = 22.0 22.5, and I = 22.0-22.5. In the zero proper motion limit our observations place severe constraints on possible quiescent counterparts. There is no compelling evidence to suggest an association between the historical optical transient source and the gamma-ray burst GB 790325b located ~ 5' to the east of OTS 1809+314.

Clonal Expansion Of Human T Lymphocytes Initiated By Dendritic Cells, Erik G. Langhoff, Ralph M. Steinman

Publications

The accessory cell requirements for cloning T cells in the presence of lectin and T cell growth factors were examined with cells from human peripheral blood. We found that dendritic cells were active and perhaps essential. Single CD4⁺ lymphocytes could be cloned with 80% efficiency, and CD8⁺ cells with 50-60% efficiency if 10³ syngeneic or allogeneic dendritic cells were added. Some T cell clones developed even with one dendritic cell. Monocytes or B lymphocytes from blood were at least 100-fold weaker in supporting clonal growth. These findings suggest a specialized feeder cell requirement, namely dendritic cells, for …

Macrophages Phagocytose Thymic Lymphocytes With Productively Rearranged T Cell Receptor Α And Β Genes, Kayo Inaba, Muneo M. Inaba, Tatsuo Kinashi

Publications

[No abstract available]

Interleukin 1 Production During Accessory Cell-Dependent Mitogenesis Of T Lymphocytes, Nina Bharwaj, Lisa L. Lau, Steven M. Friedman

Publications

We have studied the control and significance of IL-1 production in human leukocyte cultures during accessory cell-dependent, T lymphocyte mitogenesis using sensitive bioassays and immunolabeling techniques. In primary antigen-dependent systems like the MLR, IL-1 production was not detected in accessory cells (monocytes, dendritic cells) or T cells, suggesting that it is not an early product in these responses. However, monocytes could be induced to make IL-1 after interacting with sensitized antigen-specific T cells. Both alloreactive T cell clones or freshly prepared lymphoblasts induced IL-1 provided the monocytes carried the HLA-DR antigens to which the T cells were initially sensitized. Even …

An Antigen-Independent Contact Mechanism As An Early Step In T Cell-Proliferative Responses To Dendritic Cells, Kayo Inaba, Nikolaus Romani, Ralph M. Steinman

Publications

Dendritic cells bearing antigen efficiently aggregate and stimulate antigen-specific T cells. We describe an experimental model in which an initial, apparently antigen-independent binding step is followed by ligation of the TCR. The model is the polyclonal response to mAb to the CD3 portion of the TCR complex. Epidermal and thymic dendritic cells utilize low levels of Fc receptors to present the anti-CD3 mAb and induce mitogenesis. Within 3 h of coculture, most of the dendritic cells have formed clusters with the resting T lymphocytes, and these clusters are the site for subsequent DNA synthesis and cell growth. However, the binding …

Most Cd4+ T Cells From Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Infected Patients Can Undergo Prolonged Clonal Expansion, Erik G. Langhoff, Margaret J. Mcelrath, Harm J. Bos

Publications

We have addressed the capacity of HIV-1 infection to alter the growth of primary CD4⁺ T cells, but at the clonal level. Single T cells were expanded in the presence of PHA, IL-2, and small numbers of accessory dendritic cells. We report two new findings. First, T cells from seropositive individuals, even those with AIDS and markedly reduced CD4⁺ counts, exhibit a normal cloning efficiency, and proliferative capacity. This result is in contrast to two prior reports of a low cloning efficiency in CD4⁺ T cells from HIV-1-infected patients. Second, when we added high doses of exogenous …