Digital Commons Network^™

Changes In Serum Albumin And Other Nutritional Markers When Using Sucroferric Oxyhydroxide As Phosphate Binder Among Hemodialysis Patients: A Historical Cohort Study, Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh, Linda H Ficociello, Vidhya Parameswaran, Nicolaos V Athienites, Claudy Mullon, Robert J Kossmann, Daniel W Coyne

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: Elevated serum phosphorus concentrations are common among maintenance hemodialysis patients. Protein is a major source of dietary phosphate, but restriction of protein intake can result in hypoalbuminemia and protein-energy wasting. We hypothesized that sucroferric oxyhydroxide (SO), a potent phosphate binder with a low pill burden, may reduce serum phosphorus levels in hemodialysis patients with hypoalbuminemia without adversely impacting albumin levels or dietary intake of protein.

METHODS: We retrospectively examined de-identified data from 79 adult, in-center hemodialysis patients with baseline hypoalbuminemia (≤ 3.5 g/dL) switched to SO as part of routine clinical care for at least 1 year. Temporal changes …

Effect Of A Novel Transition Program On Disability After Stroke: A Trial Protocol, Emily Somerville, Marian Keglovits, Yan Yan, Susan Stark

Open Access Publications

Importance: A gap in care for stroke survivors exists at the point of transition from inpatient rehabilitation to home, when survivors encounter new environmental barriers because of the cognitive and sensorimotor sequelae of stroke. Resolving these barriers and improving independence in the community have the potential to significantly improve stroke survivors' long-term morbidity.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of a novel enhanced rehabilitation transition program to reduce environmental barriers and improve daily activity performance and community participation among stroke survivors.

Design, Setting, and Participants: This is a phase 2b, single-blind, parallel-group, randomized clinical trial. Participants will be randomized …

Optimizing Postprandial Glucose Management In Adults With Insulin-Requiring Diabetes: Report And Recommendations, John (Jack) L. Leahy, Grazia Aleppo, Vivian A. Fonseca, Satish K. Garg, Irl B. Hirsch, Anthony L. Mccall, Janet B. Mcgill, William H. Polonsky

Open Access Publications

Faster-acting insulins, new noninsulin drug classes, more flexible insulin-delivery systems, and improved continuous glucose monitoring devices offer unprecedented opportunities to improve postprandial glucose (PPG) management and overall care for adults with insulin-treated diabetes. These developments led the Endocrine Society to convene a working panel of diabetes experts in December 2018 to assess the current state of PPG management, identify innovative ways to improve self-management and quality of life, and align best practices to current and emerging treatment and monitoring options. Drawing on current research and collective clinical experience, we considered the following issues for the ∼200 million adults worldwide with …

Assessing Organizational Supports For Evidence-Based Decision Making In Local Public Health Departments In The United States: Development And Psychometric Properties Of A New Measure, Stephanie Mazzucca, Renee G Parks, Rachel G Tabak, Peg Allen, Maureen Dobbins, Katherine A Stamatakis, Ross C Brownson

Open Access Publications

CONTEXT: Fostering evidence-based decision making (EBDM) within local public health departments and among local health department (LHD) practitioners is crucial for the successful translation of research into public health practice to prevent and control chronic disease.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify organizational supports for EBDM within LHDs and determine psychometric properties of a measure of organizational supports for EBDM in LHDs.

DESIGN: Cross-sectional, observation study.

SETTING: Local public health departments in the United States.

PARTICIPANTS: Local health department practitioners (N = 376) across the United States participated in the study.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Local health department …

Association Of Baseline Inflammatory Biomarkers With Cancer Mortality In The Regards Cohort, Tomi Akinyemiju, Justin X. Moore, Maria Pisu, Michael Goodman, Virginia J. Howard, Monika Safford, Susan C. Gilchrist, Mary Cushman, Leann Long, Suzanne E. Judd

Open Access Publications

This study examines the association between inflammatory biomarkers and risk of cancer mortality by race. Data were obtained from 1,856 participants in the prospective REGARDS cohort who were cancer-free at baseline, and analyzed in relation to cancer mortality prospectively. Biomarkers were log-transformed and categorized into tertiles due to non-normal distributions, and Cox proportional hazard regression models were utilized to compute hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals using robust sandwich methods. Individuals in the highest tertile of IL-6 had over a 12-fold increased risk of cancer mortality (HR: 12.97, 95% CI: 3.46-48.63); those in the highest tertile of IL-8 had over …

Situating Dissemination And Implementation Sciences Within And Across The Translational Research Spectrum, Aaron L Leppin, Jane E Mahoney, Kathleen R Stevens, Stephen J Bartels, Laura-Mae Baldwin, Rowena J Dolor, Enola K Proctor, Linda Scholl, Justin B Moore, Ana A Baumann, Catherine L Rohweder, Joan Luby, Paul Meissner

Open Access Publications

The efficient and effective movement of research into practice is acknowledged as crucial to improving population health and assuring return on investment in healthcare research. The National Center for Advancing Translational Science which sponsors Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) recognizes that dissemination and implementation (D&I) sciences have matured over the last 15 years and are central to its goals to shift academic health institutions to better align with this reality. In 2016, the CTSA Collaboration and Engagement Domain Task Force chartered a D&I Science Workgroup to explore the role of D&I sciences across the translational research spectrum. This special …

Low-Carbohydrate Diets For Gestational Diabetes, Sarah S Farabi, Teri L Hernandez

Open Access Publications

Nutrition therapy provides the foundation for treatment of gestational diabetes (GDM), and has historically been based on restricting carbohydrate (CHO) intake. In this paper, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are reviewed to assess the effects of both low- and higher CHO nutrition approaches in GDM. The prevailing pattern across the evidence underscores that although CHO restriction improves glycemia at least in the short-term, similar outcomes could be achievable using less restrictive approaches that may not exacerbate IR. The quality of existing studies is limited, in part due to dietary non-adherence and confounding effects of treatment with insulin or oral medication. Recent …

Targeting Sporadic And Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (Nf1) Related Refractory Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (Mpnst) In A Phase Ii Study Of Everolimus In Combination With Bevacizumab (Sarc016), Brigitte C. Widemann, Anglea C. Hirbe, Et Al

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

A Sparse Covarying Unit That Describes Healthy And Impaired Human Gut Microbiota Development, Arjun S Raman, Jeanette L Gehrig, Siddarth Venkatesh, Hao-Wei Chang, Matthew C Hibberd, Sathish Subramanian, Michael J Barratt, Jeffrey I Gordon, Et Al

Open Access Publications

Characterizing the organization of the human gut microbiota is a formidable challenge given the number of possible interactions between its components. Using a statistical approach initially applied to financial markets, we measured temporally conserved covariance among bacterial taxa in the microbiota of healthy members of a Bangladeshi birth cohort sampled from 1 to 60 months of age. The results revealed an "ecogroup" of 15 covarying bacterial taxa that provide a concise description of microbiota development in healthy children from this and other low-income countries, and a means for monitoring community repair in undernourished children treated with therapeutic foods. Features of …

Effects Of Microbiota-Directed Foods In Gnotobiotic Animals And Undernourished Children, Jeanette L Gehrig, Siddarth Venkatesh, Hao-Wei Chang, Matthew C Hibberd, Vanderlene L Kung, Jiye Cheng, Robert Y Chen, Sathish Subramanian, Carrie A Cowardin, Martin F Meier, David O'Donnell, Michael Talcott, Larry D Spears, Clay F Semenkovich, Christopher Sawyer, Richard D Head, Michael J Barratt, Jeffrey I Gordon, Et Al

Open Access Publications

To examine the contributions of impaired gut microbial community development to childhood undernutrition, we combined metabolomic and proteomic analyses of plasma samples with metagenomic analyses of fecal samples to characterize the biological state of Bangladeshi children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) as they transitioned, after standard treatment, to moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) with persistent microbiota immaturity. Host and microbial effects of microbiota-directed complementary food (MDCF) prototypes targeting weaning-phase bacterial taxa underrepresented in SAM and MAM microbiota were characterized in gnotobiotic mice and gnotobiotic piglets colonized with age- and growth-discriminatory bacteria. A randomized, double-blind controlled feeding study identified a lead MDCF …

Disseminating And Implementing A Lifestyle-Based Healthy Weight Program For Mothers In A National Organization: A Study Protocol For A Cluster Randomized Trial, Rachel G Tabak, Cynthia D Schwarz, Allison Kemner, Kenneth B Schechtman, Karen Steger-May, Veronda Byrth, Debra Haire-Joshu

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: Excessive weight gain among young adult women age 18-45 years is an alarming and overlooked trend that must be addressed to reverse the epidemics of obesity and chronic disease. During this vulnerable period, women tend to gain disproportionally large amounts of weight compared to men and to other life periods. Healthy Eating and Active Living Taught at Home (HEALTH) is a lifestyle modification intervention developed in partnership with Parents as Teachers (PAT), a national home visiting, community-based organization with significant reach in this population. HEALTH prevented weight gain, promoted sustained weight loss, and reduced waist circumference. PAT provides parent-child …

Reaching The End Of The Line: Urinary Tract Infections, Kevin O Tamadonfar, Natalie S Omattage, Caitlin N Spaulding, Scott J Hultgren

Open Access Publications

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) cause a substantial health care burden. UTIs (i) are most often caused by uropathogenic

Genome-Wide Association Study In Finnish Twins Highlights The Connection Between Nicotine Addiction And Neurotrophin Signaling Pathway, Jenni Hällfors, Teemu Palviainen, Ida Surakka, Richa Gupta, Jadwiga Buchwald, Anu Raevuori, Samuli Ripatti, Tellervo Korhonen, Pekka Jousilahti, Pamela A F Madden, Jaakko Kaprio, Anu Loukola

Open Access Publications

The heritability of nicotine dependence based on family studies is substantial. Nevertheless, knowledge of the underlying genetic architecture remains meager. Our aim was to identify novel genetic variants responsible for interindividual differences in smoking behavior. We performed a genome-wide association study on 1715 ever smokers ascertained from the population-based Finnish Twin Cohort enriched for heavy smoking. Data imputation used the 1000 Genomes Phase I reference panel together with a whole genome sequence-based Finnish reference panel. We analyzed three measures of nicotine addiction-smoking quantity, nicotine dependence and nicotine withdrawal. We annotated all genome-wide significant SNPs for their functional potential. First, we …

Significance Of Her2 Protein Expression And Her2 Gene Amplification In Colorectal Adenocarcinomas, Xin-Yu Wang, Zhi-Xue Zheng, Yu Sun, Yan-Hua Bai, Yun-Fei Shi, Li-Xin Zhou, Yun-Feng Yao, Ai-Wen Wu, Deng-Feng Cao

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is an oncogenic driver, and a well-established therapeutic target in breast and gastric cancers. While the role of HER2 as a prognostic biomarker in colorectal adenocarcinomas (CRCs) remains uncertain, its relevance as a therapeutic target has been established. We undertook the present study to evaluate the frequency of HER2 expression in CRC and to correlate it with various clinicopathological variables.

AIM: To correlate HER2 protein expression and

METHODS: About 1195 consecutive surgically resected CRCs were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining (IHC) to assess HER2 protein expression, and 141 selected tumors were further evaluated …

Levels And Patterns Of Self-Reported And Objectively-Measured Free-Living Physical Activity Among Prostate Cancer Survivors: A Prospective Cohort Study, Lee Smith, Jung Ae Lee, Junbae Mun, Ratna Pakpahan, Kellie R Imm, Sonya Izadi, Adam S Kibel, Graham A Colditz, Robert L Grubb Iii, Kathleen Y Wolin, Siobhan Sutcliffe, Lin Yang

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: No prior study has measured or compared self-reported and objectively measured physical activity trajectories in prostate cancer survivors before and after treatment.

METHODS: Clinically localized prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomy were recruited between 2011 and 2014. Of the 350 participants enrolled at the main site, 310 provided self-reported physical activity at baseline before radical prostatectomy, and 5 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after radical prostatectomy. A subset of participants (n = 81) provided objectively measured physical activity at all study time points by wearing an accelerometer for 7 days each. Changes in activity over time were …

Prevalence, Underlying Causes, And Preventability Of Sepsis-Associated Mortality In Us Acute Care Hospitals, Chanu Rhee, Travis M. Jones, Yasir Hamad, Anupam Pande, Jack Varon, Cara O'Brien, Deverick J Anderson, David K. Warren, Raymund B. Dantes, Lauren Epstein, Michael Klompas

Open Access Publications

Importance: Sepsis is present in many hospitalizations that culminate in death. The contribution of sepsis to these deaths, and the extent to which they are preventable, is unknown.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence, underlying causes, and preventability of sepsis-associated mortality in acute care hospitals.

Design, Setting, and Participants: Cohort study in which a retrospective medical record review was conducted of 568 randomly selected adults admitted to 6 US academic and community hospitals from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2015, who died in the hospital or were discharged to hospice and not readmitted. Medical records were reviewed from January 1, …

Multiancestry Genome-Wide Association Study Of Lipid Levels Incorporating Gene-Alcohol Interactions, Paul S. De Vries, Yun J. Sung, Karen Schwander, Aldi T. Kraja, Mary F. Feitosa, Lisa De Las Fuentes, Renee De Mutsert, C Charles Gu, Yize Li, Treva K. Rice, Lihua Wang, Christine Williams, Mary K. Wojczynski, Michael A. Province, Dabeeru C. Rao, Et Al

Open Access Publications

A person's lipid profile is influenced by genetic variants and alcohol consumption, but the contribution of interactions between these exposures has not been studied. We therefore incorporated gene-alcohol interactions into a multiancestry genome-wide association study of levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. We included 45 studies in stage 1 (genome-wide discovery) and 66 studies in stage 2 (focused follow-up), for a total of 394,584 individuals from 5 ancestry groups. Analyses covered the period July 2014-November 2017. Genetic main effects and interaction effects were jointly assessed by means of a 2-degrees-of-freedom (df) test, and a 1-df test …

Association Of High Birth Weight With Incident Heart Failure In The Aric Study, Abdirahim Rashid, Anandita Agarwala, Eric Novak, David L. Brown

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Deficiency Of Dietary Fiber In Slc5a8-Null Mice Promotes Bacterial Dysbiosis And Alters Colonic Epithelial Transcriptome Towards Proinflammatory Milieu, Sathish Sivaprakasam, Pramodh K. Ganapathy, Mohd Omar Faruk Sikder, Moamen Elmassry, Sabarish Ramachandran, Kameswara Rao Kottapalli, Vadivel Ganapathy

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Multiplatform Urinary Metabolomics Profiling To Discriminate Cachectic From Non-Cachectic Colorectal Cancer Patients: Pilot Results From The Colocare Study, Jennifer Ose, Adetunji T Toriola, Et Al

Open Access Publications

Cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome that is characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass in cancer patients. The biological pathways involved remain poorly characterized. Here, we compare urinary metabolic profiles in newly diagnosed colorectal cancer patients (stage I-IV) from the ColoCare Study in Heidelberg, Germany. Patients were classified as cachectic (

Sedentary Behaviors, Tv Viewing Time, And Risk Of Young-Onset Colorectal Cancer, Long H. Nguyen, Po-Hong Liu, Xiaobin Zheng, Nana Keum, Xiaoyu Zong, Xiao Li, Kana Wu, Charles S. Fuchs, Shuji Ogino, Kimmie Ng, Walter C. Willett, Andrew T. Chan, Edward L. Giovannucci, Yin Cao

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Transcriptomic Analysis Of Enteropathy In Zambian Children With Severe Acute Malnutrition, Mubanga Chama, Beatrice C. Amadi, Kanta Chandwe, Kanekwa Zyambo, Ellen Besa, Nurmohammad Shaikh, I. Malick Ndao, Phillip I. Tarr, Chad Storer, Richard Head, Paul Kelly

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Comparative Evaluation Of Enteric Bacterial Culture And A Molecular Multiplex Syndromic Panel In Children With Acute Gastroenteritis, Thomas Kellner, Brandon Parsons, Linda Chui, Byron M. Berenger, Jianling Xie, Carey-Ann D. Burnham, Phillip I. Tarr, Bonita E. Lee, Alberto Nettel-Aguirre, Jonas Szelewicki, Otto G. Vanderkooi, Xiao-Li Pang, Nathan Zelyas, Stephen B. Freedman, Alberta Provincial Pediatric Enteric Infection Team (Appetite)

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Lung Transplant Referral For Individuals With Cystic Fibrosis: Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Consensus Guidelines, Kathleen J. Ramos, Patrick J. Smith, Edward F. Mckone, Joseph M. Pilewski, Amy Lucy, Sarah E. Hempstead, Erin Tallarico, Albert Faro, Daniel B. Rosenbluth, Alice L. Gray, Jordan M. Dunitz, Cf Lung Transplant Referral Guidelines Committee

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Gestational Weight Gain And Group Prenatal Care: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Michelle A. Kominiarek, Adam K. Lewkowitz, Ebony Carter, Susan A. Fowler, Melissa Simon

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

The Peptide Hormone Adropin Regulates Signal Transduction Pathways Controlling Hepatic Glucose Metabolism In A Mouse Model Of Diet-Induced Obesity, Su Gao, Sarbani Ghoshal, Liyan Zhang, Joseph R. Stevens, Kyle S. Mccommis, Brian N. Finck, Gary D. Lopaschuk, Andrew A. Butler

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Favorable Cardiovascular Health At Young And Middle Ages And Dementia In Older Age—The Cha Study, Thanh-Huyen T. Vu, Lihui Zhao, Lei Liu, Cuiping Schiman, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, Martha L. Daviglus, Kiang Liu, Daniel B. Garside, Jeremiah Stamler, James F. Fries, Ya-Chen Tina Shih, Norrina B. Allen

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Association Of Fried Food Consumption With All Cause, Cardiovascular, And Cancer Mortality: Prospective Cohort Study, Yangbo Sun, Buyun Liu, Linda G. Snetselaar, Jennifer G. Robinson, Robert B. Wallace, Lindsay L. Peterson, Wei Bao

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Endothelial Glycocalyx: Role In Body Fluid Homeostasis And Fluid Management, Pankaj Kundra, Shreya Goswami

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Doubled Lifespan And Patient‐Like Pathologies In Progeria Mice Fed High‐Fat Diet, Ray Kreienkamp, Cyrielle Billon, Gonzalo Bedia-Diaz, Carolyn J. Albert, Zacharie Toth, Andrew A. Butler, Sara Mcbride-Gagyi, David A. Ford, Angel Baldan, Thomas P. Burris, Susana Gonzalo

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.