Digital Commons Network^™

Immunomodulatory Roles Of Polysaccharide Capsules In The Intestine, Samantha A Hsieh, Paul M Allen

Open Access Publications

The interplay between the immune system and the microbiota in the human intestine dictates states of health vs. disease. Polysaccharide capsules are critical elements of bacteria that protect bacteria against environmental and host factors, including the host immune system. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which polysaccharide capsules from commensal and pathogenic bacteria in the gut microbiota modulate the innate and adaptive immune systems in the intestine. A deeper understanding of the roles of polysaccharide capsules in microbiota-immune interactions will provide a basis to harness their therapeutic potential to advance human health.

Lipin-1 Contributes To Il-4 Mediated Macrophage Polarization, Sunitha Chandran, Robert M Schilke, Cassidy M R Blackburn, Aila Yurochko, Rusella Mirza, Rona S Scott, Brian N Finck, Matthew D Woolard

Open Access Publications

Macrophage responses contribute to a diverse array of pathologies ranging from infectious disease to sterile inflammation. Polarization of macrophages determines their cellular function within biological processes. Lipin-1 is a phosphatidic acid phosphatase in which its enzymatic activity contributes to macrophage pro-inflammatory responses. Lipin-1 also possesses transcriptional co-regulator activity and whether this activity is required for macrophage polarization is unknown. Using mice that lack only lipin-1 enzymatic activity or both enzymatic and transcriptional coregulator activities from myeloid cells, we investigated the contribution of lipin-1 transcriptional co-regulator function toward macrophage wound healing polarization. Macrophages lacking both lipin-1 activities did not elicit IL-4 …

Gardnerella Vaginalis As A Cause Of Bacterial Vaginosis: Appraisal Of The Evidence From In Vivo Models, Sydney Morrill, Nicole M Gilbert, Amanda L Lewis

Open Access Publications

Koch's postulates dictate the use of experimental models to illustrate features of human disease and provide evidence for a singular organism as the cause. The underlying cause(s) of bacterial vaginosis (BV) has been debated in the literature for over half a century. In 1955, it was first reported that a bacterium now known as

Co-Occurrence Of Campylobacter Species In Children From Eastern Ethiopia, And Their Association With Environmental Enteric Dysfunction, Diarrhea, And Host Microbiome, Yitagele Terefe, Mark J Manary, Maria Isabel Ordiz, Et Al

Open Access Publications

High

Development Of Volumetric Independent Dose Calculation System For Verification Of The Treatment Plan In Image-Guided Adaptive Brachytherapy, Sang-Won Kang, Jin-Beom Chung, Kyeong-Hyeon Kim, Ji-Yeon Park, Hae-Jin Park, Woong Cho, Sven Olberg, Tae Suk Suh, Justin C Park

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Dopamine Buffering Capacity Imaging: A Pharmacodynamic Fmri Method For Staging Parkinson Disease, Kevin J Black, Haley K Acevedo, Jonathan M Koller

Open Access Publications

We propose a novel pharmacological fMRI (phMRI) method for objectively quantifying disease severity in Parkinson disease (PD). It is based on the clinical observation that the benefit from a dose of levodopa wears off more quickly as PD progresses. Biologically this has been thought to represent decreased buffering capacity for dopamine as nigrostriatal cells die. Buffering capacity has been modeled based on clinical effects, but clinical measurements are influenced by confounding factors. The new method proposes to measure the effect objectively based on the timing of the known response of several brain regions to exogenous levodopa. Such responses are robust …

Motor Unit Discharge Variability Is Increased In Mild-To-Moderate Parkinson's Disease, Jessica M Wilson, Christopher K Thompson, Laura Miller Mcpherson, Cindy Zadikoff, C J Heckman, Colum D Mackinnon

Open Access Publications

Individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) demonstrate deficits in muscle activation such as decreased amplitude and inappropriate bursting. There is evidence that some of these disturbances are more pronounced in extensor vs. flexor muscles. Surface EMG has been used widely to quantify muscle activation deficits in PD, but analysis of discharge of the underlying motor units may provide greater insight and be more sensitive to changes early in the disease. Of the few studies that have examined motor unit discharge in PD, the majority were conducted in the first dorsal interosseous, and no studies have measured motor units from extensor and …

Stable Readout Of Observed Actions From Format-Dependent Activity Of Monkey’S Anterior Intraparietal Neurons, Marco Lanzilotto, Monica Maranesi, Alessandro Livi, Carolina Giulia Ferroni, Guy A. Orban, Luca Bonini

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Gait Asymmetry, And Bilateral Coordination Of Gait During A Six‑Minute Walk Test In Persons With Multiple Sclerosis, Meir Plotnik, Joanne M. Wagner, Gautam Adusumilli, Amihai Gottlieb, Robert T. Naismith

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Federated Learning In Medicine: Facilitating Multi‑Institutional Collaborations Without Sharing Patient Data, Micah J. Sheller, Brandon Edwards, G. Anthony Reina, Jason Martin, Sarthak Pati, Aikaterini Kotrotsou, Mikhail Milchenko, Weilin Xu, Daniel Marcus, Rivka R. Colen, Spyridon Bakas

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Ct-Quantified Body Composition On Longitudinal Health-Related Quality Of Life In Colorectal Cancer Patients: The Colocare Study, Biljana Gigic, Graham A Colditz, Adetunji T Toriola, Et Al

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: Obesity, defined by body mass index (BMI), measured at colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis has been associated with postoperative complications and survival outcomes. However, BMI does not allow for a differentiation between fat and muscle mass. Computed tomography (CT)-defined body composition more accurately reflects different types of tissue and their associations with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) during the first year of disease, but this has not been investigated yet. We studied the role of visceral and subcutaneous fat area (VFA and SFA) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) on longitudinally assessed HRQoL in CRC patients.

METHODS: A total of 138 …

Genomics Of Mpnst (Gem) Consortium: Rationale And Study Design For Multi-Omic Characterization Of Nf1-Associated And Sporadic Mpnsts, David T Miller, Angela C Hirbe, Et Al

Open Access Publications

The Genomics of Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor (GeM) Consortium is an international collaboration focusing on multi-omic analysis of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs), the most aggressive tumor associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Here we present a summary of current knowledge gaps, a description of our consortium and the cohort we have assembled, and an overview of our plans for multi-omic analysis of these tumors. We propose that our analysis will lead to a better understanding of the order and timing of genetic events related to MPNST initiation and progression. Our ten institutions have assembled 96 fresh frozen …

Multi-System Factors Associated With Metatarsophalangeal Joint Deformity In Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes, Jennifer A Zellers, Michael J Mueller, Paul K Commean, Ling Chen, Hyo-Jung Jeong, Mary K Hastings

Open Access Publications

The underlying factors contributing to metatarsophalangeal joint deformity, a known precursor to skin breakdown in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM), is likely to involve multiple body systems. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to identify multi-system factors associated with metatarsophalangeal joint deformity in individuals with type 2 DM and peripheral neuropathy (

Focal Dynamic Thermal Imaging For Label‑Free High‑Resolution Characterization Of Materials And Tissue Heterogeneity, Christine M. O'Brien, Hongyu Meng, Leonid Shmuylovich, Julia Carpenter, Praneeth Gogineni, Haini Zhang, Kevin Bishop, Suman B. Mondal, Gail P. Sudlow, Cheryl Bethea, Clyde Bethea, Samuel Achilefu

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Applying Dimensional Psychopathology: Transdiagnostic Associations Among Regional Homogeneity, Leptin And Depressive Symptoms, Yan-Ge Wei, Jia Duan, Fay Y. Womer, Yue Zhu, Zhiyang Yin, Lingling Cui, Chao Li, Zhuang Liu, Shengnan Wei, Xiaowei Jiang, Yanbo Zhang, Xizhe Zhang, Yanqing Tang, Fei Wang

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Orbitofrontal-Striatal Potentiation Underlies Cocaine-Induced Hyperactivity, Sebastiano Bariselli, Nanami L. Miyazaki, Meaghan C. Creed, Alexxai V. Kravitz

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Competitive Tight-Binding Inhibition Of Vkorc1 Underlies Warfarin Dosage Variation And Antidotal Efficacy, Shuang Li, Shixuan Liu, Xiaoran Roger Liu, Mengru Mira Zhang, Weikai Li

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Maternal Activation Of The Egfr Prevents Translocation Of Gut-Residing Pathogenic Escherichia Coli In A Model Of Late-Onset Neonatal Sepsis, Kathryn A. Knoop, Paige E. Coughlin, Alexandria N. Floyd, I. Malick Ndao, Carla Hall-Moore, Nurmohammad Shaikh, Andrew J. Gasparrini, Brigida Rusconi, Marilyn Escobedo, Misty Good, Barbara B. Warner, Phillip I. Tarr, Rodney D. Newberry

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Contribution Of Aberrant Toll Like Receptor Signaling To The Pathogenesis Of Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Luana Chiquetto Paracatu, Laura G Schuettpelz

Open Access Publications

Toll like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors that play a central role in the innate immune response. These receptors are expressed on a wide variety of immune and non-immune cells, and they help shape the immune response to infection and injury through the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) as well as endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Accumulating evidence suggests that, in addition to regulating mature effector immune cells, TLRs can influence the immune response from the level of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC). HSCs express TLRs, and exposure to TLR ligands influences the cycling, differentiation, …

Use Of The Theory Of Planned Behavior Framework To Understand Breastfeeding Decision-Making Among Mothers Of Preterm Infants, Margaret G. Parker, Sunah S. Hwang, Emma S. Forbes, Bryanne N. Colvin, Kyria R. Brown, Eve R. Colson

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Tumor Burden, Inflammation, And Product Attributes Determine Outcomes Of Axicabtagene Ciloleucel In Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Frederick L. Locke, Armin Ghobadi, Et Al.

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

The Gut Microbiome Defines Social Group Membership In Honey Bee Colonies, Cassondra L Vernier, Iris M Chin, Boahemaa Adu-Oppong, Joshua J Krupp, Joel Levine, Gautam Dantas, Yehuda Ben-Shahar

Open Access Publications

In the honey bee, genetically related colony members innately develop colony-specific cuticular hydrocarbon profiles, which serve as pheromonal nestmate recognition cues. Yet, despite high intracolony relatedness, the innate development of colony-specific chemical signatures by individual colony members is largely determined by the colony environment, rather than solely relying on genetic variants shared by nestmates. Therefore, it is puzzling how a nongenic factor could drive the innate development of a quantitative trait that is shared by members of the same colony. Here, we provide one solution to this conundrum by showing that nestmate recognition cues in honey bees are defined, at …

Using Digital Technology To Reduce The Prevalence Of Mental Health Disorders In Populations: Time For A New Approach, C Barr Taylor, Josef I Ruzek, Ellen E Fitzsimmons-Craft, Shiri Sadeh-Sharvit, Naira Topooco, Ruth Striegel Weissman, Daniel Eisenberg, David Mohr, Andrea Graham, Corinna Jacobi, Brian Oldenburg

Open Access Publications

Digital technology, which includes the collection, analysis, and use of data from a variety of digital devices, has the potential to reduce the prevalence of disorders and improve mental health in populations. Among the many advantages of digital technology is that it allows preventive and clinical interventions, both of which are needed to reduce the prevalence of mental health disorders, to be feasibly integrated into health care and community delivery systems and delivered at scale. However, the use of digital technology also presents several challenges, including how systems can manage and implement interventions in a rapidly changing digital environment and …

Characterization Of A High-Resolution Breath Acetone Meter For Ketosis Monitoring, Donald J Suntrup Iii, Timothy V Ratto, Matt Ratto, James P Mccarter

Open Access Publications

Background: The ketone bodies beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and acetone are endogenous products of fatty acid metabolism. Although ketone levels can be monitored by measuring either blood BHB or breath acetone, determining the precise correlation between these two measurement methods has been challenging. The purpose of this study is to characterize the performance of a novel portable breath acetone meter (PBAM) developed by Readout, Inc., to compare single versus multiple daily ketone measurements, and to compare breath acetone (BrAce) and blood BHB measurements.

Methods: We conducted a 14-day prospective observational cohort study of 21 subjects attempting to follow either a low-carbohydrate/ketogenic or …

Canonical Signaling By Tgf Family Members In Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Is Dispensable For Hematopoietic Niche Maintenance Under Basal And Stress Conditions, Joseph Ryan Krambs, Grazia Abou Ezzi, Juo-Chin Yao, Daniel C. Link

Open Access Publications

Mesenchymal stromal cells are an important component of the bone marrow hematopoietic niche. Prior studies showed that signaling from members of the transforming growth factor (TGF) superfamily in mesenchymal stromal cells is required for normal niche development. Here, we assessed the impact of TGF family signaling on niche maintenance and stress responses by deleting Smad4 in mesenchymal stromal cells at birth, thereby abrogating canonical TGF signaling. No alteration in the number or spatial organization of CXCL12-abundant reticular (CAR) cells, osteoblasts, or adipocytes was observed in Osx-Cre, Smad4fl/fl mice, and expression of key niche factors was normal. Basal hematopoiesis and stress …

Diet-Induced Metabolic Dysregulation In Female Mice Causes Osteopenia In Adult Offspring, Yu Shi, Jessica L. Saben, Guangxu He, Kelle H. Moley, Fanxin Long

Open Access Publications

Bone mass and quality in humans are controlled by numerous genetic and environmental factors that are not fully understood. Increasing evidence has indicated that maternal metabolic dysregulation impairs multiple physiological processes in the adult offspring, but a similar effect on bone health is yet to be established. Here, we have analyzed the bones of first-generation offspring from murine dams that present metabolic syndrome due to a high-fat and high-sugar (HF/HS) diet. Micro-CT analyses show that the long bones of HF/HS offspring possess lower cortical bone mass and weaker mechanical strength than normal, even though the trabecular bone is not affected. …

Quality Of Anticoagulation With Warfarin In Rural Chhattisgarh, India, Puja Chebrolu, Sushil Patil, Timothy S. Laux, Noor Al-Hammadi, Yogesh Jain, Brian Gage

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Rev-Erb Agonism Improves Liver Pathology In A Mouse Model Of Nash, Kristine Griffett, Gonzalo Bedia-Diaz, Bahaa Elgendy, Thomas P. Burris

Open Access Publications

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects a significant number of people worldwide and currently there are no pharmacological treatments. NAFLD often presents with obesity, insulin resistance, and in some cases cardiovascular diseases. There is a clear need for treatment options to alleviate this disease since it often progresses to much more the much more severe non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The REV-ERB nuclear receptor is a transcriptional repressor that regulates physiological processes involved in the development of NAFLD including lipogenesis and inflammation. We hypothesized that pharmacologically activating REV-ERB would suppress the progression of fatty liver in a mouse model of NASH. Using …

Functional Profiling Of Fsh And Estradiol In Ovarian Granulosa Cell Tumors, Ulla-Maija Haltia, Marjut Pihlajoki, Noora Andersson, Lotta Mäkinen, Johanna Tapper, Alejandra Cervera, Hugo M. Horlings, Ursula Turpeinen, Mikko Anttonen, Ralf Bützow, Leila Unkila-Kallio, Olli Carpén, David B. Wilson, Markku Heikinheimo, Anniina Färkkilä

Open Access Publications

Adult-type granulosa cell tumors (AGCTs) are sex-cord derived neoplasms with a propensity for late relapse. Hormonal modulators have been used empirically in the treatment of recurrent AGCT, albeit with limited success. To provide a more rigorous foundation for hormonal therapy in AGCT, we used a multimodal approach to characterize the expressions of key hormone biomarkers in 175 tumor specimens and 51 serum samples using RNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry, RNA

Prehospital Use Of A Modified Heart Pathway And Point-Of-Care Troponin To Predict Cardiovascular Events, Jason P. Stopyra, Louis Fornage, Et Al.

Open Access Publications

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02709135).