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Sustainable Supply Planning Of By-Product Minerals: A Case Study On Indium, Chul Hun Choi
Sustainable Supply Planning Of By-Product Minerals: A Case Study On Indium, Chul Hun Choi
Open Access Dissertations
Clean energy technologies represent a promising solution to the global warming challenge. However, many clean energy technologies depend on some rare materials, and concerns about demand of the materials have been raised recently. To make the concerns getting even worse, the materials are usually by-products of base metals, thus the supplies highly rely on the demand and production of the base metals. Indium is one of these materials. It is critical for two emerging clean energy applications, that is, copper indium gallium selenide photovoltaic, and light-emitting diode lighting. Like other rare materials, indium is also a by-product of base metal, …
Hydration Shell Water Structure And Aggregation Of Small Amphiphilic Solutes, Shannon R. Pattenaude
Hydration Shell Water Structure And Aggregation Of Small Amphiphilic Solutes, Shannon R. Pattenaude
Open Access Dissertations
My research aims to address long-standing questions in physical chemistry about water-mediated hydrophobic and ionic interactions of biological relevance. For example, my research has provided some of the first experimental evidence of water driving hydrophobic groups apart rather than pushing them together in solution, thus damping rather than enhancing the contact free energy of oily molecules in water. I have also obtained some of the first experimental evidence concerning the structure of water structure around nonpolar groups in solution, thus demonstrating that hydrophobic hydration-shells have a clathrate hydrate-like structure. In addition, I am currently studying ionic interactions in water, which …
Neural Encoding And Decoding With Deep Learning For Natural Vision, Haiguang Wen
Neural Encoding And Decoding With Deep Learning For Natural Vision, Haiguang Wen
Open Access Dissertations
The overarching objective of this work is to bridge neuroscience and artificial intelligence to ultimately build machines that learn, act, and think like humans. In the context of vision, the brain enables humans to readily make sense of the visual world, e.g. recognizing visual objects. Developing human-like machines requires understanding the working principles underlying the human vision. In this dissertation, I ask how the brain encodes and represents dynamic visual information from the outside world, whether brain activity can be directly decoded to reconstruct and categorize what a person is seeing, and whether neuroscience theory can be applied to artificial …
From Pieces To Paths: Combining Disparate Information In Computational Analysis Of Rna-Seq., Yifan Yang
From Pieces To Paths: Combining Disparate Information In Computational Analysis Of Rna-Seq., Yifan Yang
Open Access Dissertations
As high-throughput sequencing technology has advanced in recent decades, large-scale genomic data with high-resolution have been generated for solving various problems in many felds. One of the state-of-the-art sequencing techniques is RNA sequencing, which has been widely used to study the transcriptomes of biological systems through millions of reads. The ultimate goal of RNA sequencing bioinformatics algorithms is to maximally utilize the information stored in a large amount of pieced-together reads to unveil the whole landscape of biological function at the transcriptome level. Many bioinformatics methods and pipelines have been developed for better achieving this goal. However, one central question …
Studies On The Impact Initiation And Kinetics Of Condensed Phase Reactives With Application To The Shock Induced Reaction Synthesis Of Cubic Boron Nitride, Matthew T. Beason
Studies On The Impact Initiation And Kinetics Of Condensed Phase Reactives With Application To The Shock Induced Reaction Synthesis Of Cubic Boron Nitride, Matthew T. Beason
Open Access Dissertations
Shock induced reaction synthesis is a complex, scientifically rich field with the potentially to produce novel materials with unique properties. This work seeks to understand the processes governing shock induced reaction synthesis. Particular emphasis is placed on the reaction kinetics of condensed phase reactives under various mechanical and thermal heating rates. This understanding was then applied to the synthesis of cubic boron nitride through shock induced reaction synthesis. Mechanical initiation of reactions in powder systems involve complex interactions that can yield unexpected results. Two materials that exhibit similar thermal responses can behave very differently under the same loading conditions due …
Raw Material Variability In Food Manufacturing, Brian A. Bourquard
Raw Material Variability In Food Manufacturing, Brian A. Bourquard
Open Access Dissertations
We develop and parameterize a model to examine the impact of raw material variability on food manufacturing outcomes. We partner with a large food manufacturing firm whose primary raw material is wheat-flour to examine if variability in flour attributes impacts the firm’s finished goods quality and net-revenue outcomes. The food manufacturer faces a daily operations challenge to take wheat-flour, whose attributes vary between batches, and create a premium finished product. They alter their manufacturing controls between each batch to accommodate raw material variability. We develop two models, one to maximize finished goods quality, and the other to maximize net-revenues. We …
Development Of Targeted Pro-Angiogenic Therapies For Ischemic Diabetic Foot Ulcer Repair, Jenny B. Lin
Development Of Targeted Pro-Angiogenic Therapies For Ischemic Diabetic Foot Ulcer Repair, Jenny B. Lin
Open Access Dissertations
Between 15-25% of diabetic patients develop chronic foot ulcers within their lifetime. These ulcers are characterized by delayed wound healing, are highly susceptible to infection, and can lead to lower-limb/foot amputation. Impaired ulcer healing is most often due to ischemia and insufficient formation of new vessels in the wound bed, as well as rapid turnover of healing tissue by excessive matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. To improve healing of chronic ischemic wounds, researchers have sought to increase angiogenesis at the wound site using growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF is a key angiogenic mediator and uniquely participates …
The Relationships Of Social Cognitive Career Theory Factors And Cybersecurity Research Self-Efficacy, Rylan C. Chong
The Relationships Of Social Cognitive Career Theory Factors And Cybersecurity Research Self-Efficacy, Rylan C. Chong
Open Access Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of social cognitive career theory factors of past performance, verbal persuasion, vicarious experience, outcome expectancy, interest, and former students’ cybersecurity research self-efficacy; and examine whether the relationships were different among gender, academic classification, and career status. This study was a descriptive study using a posttest-only design that surveyed undergraduates, graduates, and former students using Likert scales. The contributions of this study are useful for educators to adjust their classroom practices, curriculum strategies, and advisement; and are useful for students as it provides insights into developing their cybersecurity research self-efficacy and …
Evidentiary Reasoning: An Examination Of Elementary And Middle School Students' Knowledge Of Scientific Evidence In Biology, Jamison Wills
Evidentiary Reasoning: An Examination Of Elementary And Middle School Students' Knowledge Of Scientific Evidence In Biology, Jamison Wills
Open Access Dissertations
This project examines upper elementary and middle school students’ knowledge of scientific evidence. Informed by literature in cognitive development, learning sciences, and science education, this proposal argues that science educators have typically treated evidence as a simple and unitary construct that is disconnected from other phases of scientific activity. Evidence in the philosophy and history of science, on the other hand, is multifaceted, sophisticated, and involves the coordination of disciplinary knowledge and methodological practices. Based on a conceptual analysis of evidence in this literature, I developed a framework of evidential dimensions that important to scientific reasoning. Two fifth and two …
Bioconjugation Techniques To Construct Spontaneously Assembling Dna-Enzyme Macromolecules, Malithi Wickramathilaka
Bioconjugation Techniques To Construct Spontaneously Assembling Dna-Enzyme Macromolecules, Malithi Wickramathilaka
Open Access Dissertations
In the past two decades, crosslinking has been a popular choice in synthesizing bioconjugatesinthefieldsofbiotechnology,medicaldiagnostics,andgeneticscreening.However, their efficacyin synthesizing the desired bioconjugates is scarcely analyzed and documented. The scope of this investigation encompassed studying covalent bioconjugation techniques, and determining the structural characteristics of the bioconjugates formed via several crosslinking strategies. The major goal of the study was to determine relatively inexpensive, less complex, and universal bioconjugation techniques with the flexibility to control the distance between wild-type enzymes. In this investigation, three different crosslinkers were studied to determine the efficacy of crosslinking biological molecules. In the first aim of the study, an adapted …
Punishment Of Public Corruption In China And The United States, Linjing Wang
Punishment Of Public Corruption In China And The United States, Linjing Wang
Open Access Dissertations
Corruption is pervasive in many countries. However, the most effective punishment to deter corruption remains unknown. Some have suggested that the death penalty is required to reduce corruption and ensure clean government. However, research shows that the likelihood of punishment is the strongest factor, not the severity of the punishment. It requires large social costs, such as expenditure on policemen, court personnel, and specialized monitoring equipment, to improve the probability of punishment. Can elevation of the severity of punishment be a good substitute? The empirical results from this dissertation suggest that the probability of punishing corruption, i.e., how likely a …
Lewis Acid-Mediated Diastereoselective Synthesis Of Medium-Sized Cyclic Ethers And Studies Towards The Synthesis Of Plakortolide E And 6-Epiplakortolide E, Anthony J. Tomaine
Lewis Acid-Mediated Diastereoselective Synthesis Of Medium-Sized Cyclic Ethers And Studies Towards The Synthesis Of Plakortolide E And 6-Epiplakortolide E, Anthony J. Tomaine
Open Access Dissertations
The Lewis acid-mediated synthesis of medium-sized cyclic ethers has been achieved in a diastereoselective manner. Using TMSOTf or BF3•OEt2, we developed a novel protocol for the intermolecular synthesis of eight-membered cyclic ethers (oxocenes) via Prins-type cyclization. This methodology displays a unique approach towards 2,4,8-trisubstiituted oxocene cores, with good yields and excellent diastereoselectivity. We have also expanded this protocol to show applicability towards the synthesis of seven-membered rings (oxepines and oxepanes). Progress studies towards the synthesis of plakortolide E and 6-epiplakortolide E are described. Featuring a bicyclic peroxylactone, these compounds are of interest due to their potential antimalarial activity. A key …
Advanced Imaging Techniques For Point-Measurement Analysis Of Pharmaceutical Materials, Shijie Zhang
Advanced Imaging Techniques For Point-Measurement Analysis Of Pharmaceutical Materials, Shijie Zhang
Open Access Dissertations
Drugs are an essential element protecting human lives from many diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders. One of the highlights in drug development in recent years is the establishment of rational drug design: a collection of various multi-disciplinary approaches that at the core, focus on designing molecules with specific properties for identified targets and biomolecules with known functional roles and structural information. The candidate molecules will then go through a series of examinations to characterize their physiochemical properties, and an iterative process is used to improve the design of the drug to achieve desirable attributes. The time consuming …
Quantifying Nitrogen Fixation And Nitrous Oxide Emissions In Global Natural Terrestrial Ecosystems Using Trait-Based Biogeochemistry Models., Tong Yu
Open Access Dissertations
Nitrous oxide (N2O) contributes to the global climate system and is the third most important greenhouse gas. It is also one of the largest ozone-depleting substances emitted from the biosphere, with great influences on the atmosphere. Therefore, it is important to quantify its emissions from soils in natural terrestrial ecosystems. This dissertation research quantifies N2O emissions from the global natural ecosystems by explicitly considering the influence of soil microbial activities. This dissertation consists of three studies. I first develop a N2O emission model based on an extant process-based biogeochemistry model, the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model, to estimate soil N2O emissions in …
Biofluid Analysis With Novel Targeted Mass Spectrometry Methods, Karen E. Yannell
Biofluid Analysis With Novel Targeted Mass Spectrometry Methods, Karen E. Yannell
Open Access Dissertations
Mass spectrometry (MS) provides a high level of sensitivity and specificity to accurately and precisely identify and quantify analytes in a complex matrix. In clinical samples, this instrument is often used to quantify drugs or discover new biomarkers. However, existing workflows routinely use chromatography to separate the components of a sample. These methods lack speed and are expensive, neither of which are ideal characteristics for point of care or high throughput analysis. Paper spray (PS) is an ambient ionization technique that combines the sample preparation and ionization steps, to directly spray a complex sample into a MS. The MS provides …
Computational Modeling Of (De)-Solvation Effects And Protein Flexibility In Protein-Ligand Binding Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations, Ying Yang
Open Access Dissertations
Water is a crucial participant in virtually all cellular functions. Evidently, water molecules in the binding site contribute significantly to the strength of intermolecular interactions in the aqueous phase by mediating protein-ligand interactions, solvating and de-solvating both ligand and protein upon protein-ligand dissociation and association. Recently many published studies use water distributions in the binding site to retrospectively explain and rationalize unexpected trends in structure-activity relationships (SAR). However, traditional approaches cannot quantitatively predict the thermodynamic properties of water molecules in the binding sites and its associated contribution to the binding free energy of a ligand. We have developed and validated …
Low Speed Flap-Bounding In Ornithopters And Its Inspiration On The Energy Efficient Flight Of Quadrotors, Yi Wang
Open Access Dissertations
Flap-bounding, a form of intermittent flight, is often exhibited by small birds over their entire range of flight speeds. The purpose of flap-bounding is unclear during low to medium speed (2 - 8 m/s) flight from a mechanical-power perspective: aerodynamic models suggest continuous flapping would require less power output and lower cost of transport. This thesis works towards the understanding of the advantages of flap-bounding and tries to employ the underlining principle to design quadrotor maneuver to improve power efficiency. To explore the functional significance of flap-bounding at low speeds, I measured body trajectory and kinematics of wings and tail …
Approximating Properties Of Data Streams, Samson Zhou
Approximating Properties Of Data Streams, Samson Zhou
Open Access Dissertations
In this dissertation, we present algorithms that approximate properties in the data stream model, where elements of an underlying data set arrive sequentially, but algorithms must use space sublinear in the size of the underlying data set. We first study the problem of finding all k-periods of a length-n string S, presented as a data stream. S is said to have k-period p if its prefix of length n − p differs from its suffix of length n − p in at most k locations. We give algorithms to compute the k-periods of a string S using poly(k, log n) …
The Effects Of Dietary Protein At Breakfast And Across The Day On Appetite Control & Satiety, Food Intake, And Sleep Quality, Jess A. Gwin
The Effects Of Dietary Protein At Breakfast And Across The Day On Appetite Control & Satiety, Food Intake, And Sleep Quality, Jess A. Gwin
Open Access Dissertations
The movement to adopt healthful lifestyle practices to reduce the prevalence of obesity and associated chronic diseases has garnered global interest [1]. As such, the desire to consume more protein-rich foods is a commonly used strategy due to the documented improvements in weight management observed with higher-protein (HP) diets, ranging from 1.2-1.6 g protein•kg body weight-1•d-1[2-6]. One postulated mechanism through which HP diets elicit greater weight (and fat) losses includes the improvements in ingestive behavior which appear to be mediated by a number of satiety-stimulating, physiological and/or hedonic pathways, and lead to reductions in daily food intake [3]. The main …
Applications Of Multivariate Raman Spectroscopy, Sarah M. Matt
Applications Of Multivariate Raman Spectroscopy, Sarah M. Matt
Open Access Dissertations
The vibrational Raman spectrum of water can be used to probe changes in water structure as a function of temperature and due to solute-water interactions. We have demonstrated a diverse set of these applications by combining Raman spectroscopy with self-modeling curve resolution (SMCR). To begin with, the affinity of halogen anions for both benzene and pyridine was quantified by calculating ion partition coefficients based upon vibrational spectroscopic measurements. These partition coefficients were also found to be in good agreement with those obtained from MD simulations performed in collaboration with the Tobias group at University of California, Irvine. Next, we probed …
Global On-Line, Interactive And Simulated Learning Techniques Via Birs, Janet L. Fourman
Global On-Line, Interactive And Simulated Learning Techniques Via Birs, Janet L. Fourman
Open Access Dissertations
Role-playing simulations have been effective techniques to encourage global skills in the engineering and design classrooms. May, Wold and Moore (2014), defined global skills as student display of respect, recognition, adjustment and integration. Gray, Debs, Exter, and Krause (2016), took this one step further and looked-for empathy in the design classroom. This has yet to be realized in the regulatory science education realm. Therefore, there is a need for on-line, interactive regulatory science education focusing on global skill outcomes. To assess the gap, four sets of data are collected. The first set was a review of evaluations from a regulatory …
Folate Receptor Beta As A Marker Of Immunosuppressive Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells And Tumor Associated Macrophages In The Tumor Microenvironment, Gregory Micheal Cresswell
Folate Receptor Beta As A Marker Of Immunosuppressive Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells And Tumor Associated Macrophages In The Tumor Microenvironment, Gregory Micheal Cresswell
Open Access Dissertations
Immunosuppression within a tumor environment is a key component of the development and ultimately spread of cancer in the body. Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSC) and Tumor Associated Macrophages (TAMs) are two of the primary forces behind immunosuppression within the tumor environment. MDSC are a functionally defined group of myeloid cells that have the capacity to suppress anti-tumor T cell responses, induce regulatory T cells (Tregs), polarize inflammatory macrophages to TAMs, and promote metastasis. This broad ability to control the immune response has led to a great deal of focus on the function of these cells. However, despite efforts to …
Mass Spectrometric Studies On A Functional Group-Selective Ion-Molecule Reaction And The Reactivity Of Bi And Polyradicals, Joann P. Max
Mass Spectrometric Studies On A Functional Group-Selective Ion-Molecule Reaction And The Reactivity Of Bi And Polyradicals, Joann P. Max
Open Access Dissertations
Mass spectrometry (MS) is a versatile analytical tool for the characterization of unknown compounds in complex mixtures. MS separates the ionized components of a mixture based on their m/z values and provides accurate molecular weight information and elemental compositions for the ionized analytes. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) based on collision-activated dissociation or ion-molecule reactions can be used for structural characterization of the ionized analytes. MS/MS can also be used to probe the intrinsic properties of highly reactive intermediates that are difficult to study in solution. The experiments described in this thesis focus on the examination of various gas-phase reactions. A …
High School Redesign And The Senior Year, Park D. Ginder
High School Redesign And The Senior Year, Park D. Ginder
Open Access Dissertations
The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe how high school principals in Indiana are redesigning senior year academic experiences as a means to increasing student engagement and making the senior year more valuable for students. Using an exploratory multiple-case study design, three high school principals serving in high performing high schools in Indiana (as defined by the Indiana Department of Education rating each school an “A”) were interviewed, with interviews recorded and transcribed, then coded for item analysis. The participants’ commentary, outlined themes, and sub-themes from the case study provide insight into the experiences of high school principals …
Behavioral Pharmacology Of Alcohol And Legal Psychostimulants, Meridith Tracy Doyle
Behavioral Pharmacology Of Alcohol And Legal Psychostimulants, Meridith Tracy Doyle
Open Access Dissertations
Substance abuse, including alcohol and psychostimulant abuse, is a widespread and dangerous public health issue. In the United States, 8-10% of people 12 years of age or older (accounting for 20-22 million persons) are addicted to alcohol or other drugs, and the results of substance abuse are costly at both the individual and society level. Despite the large financial burden of substance abuse to society, efficacious psychosocial and pharmacologic treatment options are lacking. For example, in the pharmacologic treatment of alcohol use disorders (AUD), only three drugs have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration, and each have their …
Functional Organization Of The Brain At Rest And During Complex Tasks Using Fmri, Lauren Kelly Lynch
Functional Organization Of The Brain At Rest And During Complex Tasks Using Fmri, Lauren Kelly Lynch
Open Access Dissertations
How and why functional connectivity (FC), which captures the correlations among brain regions and/or networks, differs in various brain states has been incompletely understood. I review high-level background on this problem and how it relates to 1) the contributions of task-evoked activity, 2) white-matter fMRI, and 3) disease states in Chapter 1. In Chapter 2, based on the notion that brain activity during a task reflects an unknown mixture of spontaneous activity and task-evoked responses, we uncovered that the difference in FC between a task state (a naturalistic movie) and resting state only marginally (3-15%) reflects task-evoked connectivity. Instead, these …
Cross-Platform Probes For The Detection Of Epigenetic Modifications In Single Cells, Agnes Mendonca
Cross-Platform Probes For The Detection Of Epigenetic Modifications In Single Cells, Agnes Mendonca
Open Access Dissertations
Cancer is one of the single largest cause of mortality in the U.S.A with 1 in every 3 individuals expected to develop cancer over their lifetimes1. The economic burden of cancer drugs is estimated to reach $173 billion2 in the next two years. Despite enormous progresses in cancer therapy, the mortality rate remains high due to the clinical challenges imposed by drug resistance in tumor cells. The origin of drug resistance lies in the heterogeneity of tumors on the basis of features such as cellular morphology, metabolism and mobility. Diversity in the tumor population and the resulting clonal selection can …
Investigating The Purported Slow Transit And Starch Digestion Of Whole Grain Foods, Elizabeth Anne Pletsch
Investigating The Purported Slow Transit And Starch Digestion Of Whole Grain Foods, Elizabeth Anne Pletsch
Open Access Dissertations
Epidemiological studies have strongly supported the substitution of whole grains or whole grain foods for refined grains in the diet to reduce the risk of type II diabetes and other chronic diseases. However, the mechanisms of whole grain digestion, and the properties that are responsible for the associated responses of low glycemia and slow transit time of whole grains are still not well understood. The moderated glycemic response related to consumption of whole grains is largely associated with dietary fiber, yet there are properties of other components, such as starch itself, that warrant further investigation. Gastric emptying rate, or the …
Fractionation Of Corn Stover With Effective Shredding And Separation, Jiechao Ma
Fractionation Of Corn Stover With Effective Shredding And Separation, Jiechao Ma
Open Access Dissertations
A corn stover shredder using a flail type knife and tine shredding mechanism was designed, fabricated, and tested with the objective of improving the shredding extent with corn stover. Two machine designs (open hood with exit chute and closed hood with slots) and three moisture content levels (5, 40, and 70% w.b.) were studied. Shredding was more effective (higher leachate ion conductivity index representing better access to plant nutrients) with the closed hood with slots design than with the open hood design (p<0.001). Extent of shredding was proportional to moisture content at the time of shredding. The attempt to process the corn stover at 70% w.b. was promising as it resulted in a highest leachate ion conductivity (LIC) index of 86%, which is comparable to that of hammer-milled dry stover. Two speeds for the shredding rotors (no-load speeds of 1300 and 700 rpm) were tested with the three moisture levels and the closed-hood with slots design but shredding speed did not affect LIC (p>0.25). To ascertain the tissue make-up of stover samples (rind, pith, leaf, and husk percentages) a multi-trait …
Examination Of Alphavirus Membrane Modifications In Large Areas Of Mammalian And Mosquito Cells, Melissa R. Mikolaj
Examination Of Alphavirus Membrane Modifications In Large Areas Of Mammalian And Mosquito Cells, Melissa R. Mikolaj
Open Access Dissertations
All of the known positive-sense RNA viruses cause alterations to the membranes of their host cells. These modifications are thought to be involved in replication and assembly of the viruses. Alphaviruses are a genus of viruses that can elicit the formation of two distinct membrane structures, which are derived from the host cell membranes. These structures are referred to as cytopathic vacuole 1s (CPV- 1s) and 2s (CPV-2s). CPV-1 generally form early during infection and are typified as vacuoles that contain small (approx. 50 nm in diameter) invaginations that are contiguous with the cytoplasm termed spherules and are the sites …