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Chemistry Of Antibiotics From Atlantic Actinomycete And Bacillus Bacteria, Aaron Martin Socha
Chemistry Of Antibiotics From Atlantic Actinomycete And Bacillus Bacteria, Aaron Martin Socha
Open Access Dissertations
The emergence of drug-resistant pathogens requires the use of innovative therapeutic agents. Hospital-acquired (nosocomial) infections represent major health and economic burdens for patients and health care professionals. In the United States over 1 million nosocomial infections are caused by drug-resistant bacteria anually, with associated expenditures ranging from $4 to $30 billion. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) commonly shows reduced susceptibility to β-lactam, peptide, macrolide, aminoglycoside, tetracycline, and lincosamide classes of antibiotics. The emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) is even more alarming since glycopeptide antibiotics were once considered the drugs of last resort. Moreover, community-acquired MRSA infections are spreading out of the …
A Sequential Algorithm For Biological Event Detection Using Statistical Nonstationarity, John Dicecco
A Sequential Algorithm For Biological Event Detection Using Statistical Nonstationarity, John Dicecco
Open Access Dissertations
High dimension complex dynamical systems, such as those found in physiological processes, produce time series which are often accompanied by nonstationarity. In many cases, the nonstationarity is caused by a physiologically significant event such as the prelude to ventricular fibrillation in cardiac arrest or the change of stasis by introducing pharmaceuticals. A need exists to be able to detect and monitor this change. Most conventional attempts at addressing this problem involve segmenting the time series and evaluating the statistics of the segments. The difficulty with this approach is that the nature of the nonstationarity can be transient, such that it …
An Examination Of Price In The Economic Management Of Marine Resources: Three Empirical Essays, Diego Valderrama Rojas
An Examination Of Price In The Economic Management Of Marine Resources: Three Empirical Essays, Diego Valderrama Rojas
Open Access Dissertations
This dissertation conducts an examination of price as an economic parameter of strategic importance for the improved management of marine resources. To this end, the dissertation examines three different problems in marine resource economics: the effectiveness of rotational management strategies in the Atlantic sea scallop fishery; the implications of market interactions with the aquaculture sector for Alaskan salmon fisheries; and the effectiveness of targeted tariffs in the 2004 shrimp antidumping case. Each of these studies tackles a number of management issues of current relevance for U.S. fisheries. In each case, economic analysis leads to a better understanding of the concept …
Beyond Gender: Taking A Multi-Status Approach To Understanding Students' Positioning In Stem, Ashima Singh
Beyond Gender: Taking A Multi-Status Approach To Understanding Students' Positioning In Stem, Ashima Singh
Open Access Dissertations
Although data indicate that White women and persons of color are both vulnerable to selective attrition in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) pipeline, gender has been the primary focus of most research in that area. This implies that: (1) intersections of multiple marginalization (e.g. women of color) within STEM is understudied, and (2) there is a need for a multifaceted understanding (encompassing perceptual, experiential, motivational and social characteristics) of students' perceptions of, and participation in, the STEM disciplines. In this research project, a multi-status, cross-disciplinary survey methodology was used to identify the ways in which undergraduate students perceived, …
Ecosystem-Based Management In The Colorado River Delta, Karen Hae-Myung Hyun
Ecosystem-Based Management In The Colorado River Delta, Karen Hae-Myung Hyun
Open Access Dissertations
The Colorado River Delta (CRD) is only 8% of its original size and is mainly sustained on agricultural run-off from the Mexicali Valley. Clearly current management of this ecosystem has not been effective and a new paradigm is needed. Ecosystem-based management (EBM), the process of controlling human activities to protect, conserve, and enhance the quality of ecosystems to meet current and future needs, provides a way forward. This study uses nine common EBM principles to analyze legislation, research, management plans, and community actions of six major CRD institutions, establishing a governance baseline. This study also utilizes scenario analysis to depict …
A Multiscale Approach To Breeding Habitat Model Development And Evaluation For The Common Loon, Gavia Immer, In New Hampshire, Usa, Anne Kuhn-Hines
A Multiscale Approach To Breeding Habitat Model Development And Evaluation For The Common Loon, Gavia Immer, In New Hampshire, Usa, Anne Kuhn-Hines
Open Access Dissertations
The common loon, Gavia immer, is considered an emblematic and ecologically important example of aquatic-dependent wildlife in North America. The northern breeding range of loons has contracted over the last century, presumably as a result of habitat degradation from human disturbance and lake shore development. The common loon population in New Hampshire is distributed throughout the state and experiences a wide range of lake-specific habitats, water quality conditions, and varying levels of human disturbance. Identifying critical habitat that supports and enhances individual fitness for loons is an important component of loon conservation management. I used an empirical landscape-habitat modeling approach …
Feeding Mechanics Of A Trophic Generalist And A Specialist Shark Species: A Comparison Of Diet, Behavior And Function, Shannon Page Gerry
Feeding Mechanics Of A Trophic Generalist And A Specialist Shark Species: A Comparison Of Diet, Behavior And Function, Shannon Page Gerry
Open Access Dissertations
Ecomorphological studies investigate the relationship between the morphology of an organism and the environment. For feeding, this can be accomplished by a multi-level analysis of the diet, behavior and morphological function of the organism to predict the role of an organism with a community. Partitioning of resources within a community can often be determined by the degree of plasticity or degree of specialization used in resource acquisition by the members. This research studies the feeding ecology, behavior and function of a trophic generalist, spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias, and a trophic specialist, smooth-hounds Mustelus canis, from Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island to …
Alzheimer's Disease (Ad) Like Pathology Following Developmental Lead Exposure In Primates And The Role Of Aging In Ad-Related Genes Regulation In Rodents And Primates, Jinfang Wu
Open Access Dissertations
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive, irreversible neurodegenerative disease results in memory loss and dementia. The search for the etiology of sporadic AD focuses on environmental links and the role of aging. In manuscript 1, we validated our previous rodent model in primates by the following findings. (1) Developmental Pb exposure caused elevated AD-related APP, BACE1 and Sp1 mRNA expression as well as APP protein and amyloidogenic Aβ40 and Aβ42. (2) The molecular changes were accompanied by AD-like pathological changes in exposed monkey brains. (3) Pb exposure increased 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanine in the monkey brain. (4) DNA methyltransferase activity was suppressed in exposed …
Telemetric Assessment Of Stereotypical Motor Movements In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Matthew S. Goodwin
Telemetric Assessment Of Stereotypical Motor Movements In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Matthew S. Goodwin
Open Access Dissertations
Stereotypical motor movements are one of the most common and least understood behaviors occurring in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). When severe, engagement in these behaviors can lead to social stigmatization and complicate social interaction. Moreover, if a stereotypical motor movement becomes a dominant behavior in an individual's repertoire, it can interfere with the performance of established skills and acquisition of new skills, and may lead to self-injurious behavior. Stereotypical motor movements are complex and thought to serve a multiplicity of functions. However, problems with traditional methods for measuring stereotypical motor movements have made it difficult to determine when …
Coping With Everyday Classism: Experiences Of Low-Income People In A Southeastern Rural Community, Susan Faye Ritz
Coping With Everyday Classism: Experiences Of Low-Income People In A Southeastern Rural Community, Susan Faye Ritz
Open Access Dissertations
The present research provided an in-depth look at experiencing and coping with everyday classism in a sample of low-income people in a mid-size southeastern rural United States community. The study employed a qualitative methodology consisting of semi-structured interviews and analyzing the collected data using Grounded Theory Method. Of 50 participants selected for an interview, 40 described experiences with classism, each discussing two incidents, for a total of 80 incidents shared. Seven of the remaining 10 participants felt that they had not experienced classism, but at the same time, they provided insight into one proactive coping strategy that they appeared to …
Applications Of Linear And Cyclic Peptides As Enzyme Inhibitors And Molecular Transporters, Guofeng Ye
Applications Of Linear And Cyclic Peptides As Enzyme Inhibitors And Molecular Transporters, Guofeng Ye
Open Access Dissertations
The diversity of amino acids in peptides allows the design of different linear or cyclized compounds. Peptides can be designed to act as inhibitors, probes, or molecular transporters of other molecules. The objective of this dissertation research was to exploit the diversity of peptide structures and focused on developing linear and cyclic peptides as c-Src inhibitors and using the information derived from c-Src crystal structure to design novel peptide-based molecular transporters. A series of peptide analogues of Ac-CIYKYY were designed and synthesized to improve the inhibitory potency against active Src Linear peptide Ac-CIYKF(4-NO 2)Y (IC50 = 0.53 μM) and a …
A Quantitative Description Of The Interaction Of Enhancement And Depression Of Transmitter Release At The Neuromuscular Junction, Alice M. Holohean
A Quantitative Description Of The Interaction Of Enhancement And Depression Of Transmitter Release At The Neuromuscular Junction, Alice M. Holohean
Open Access Dissertations
Synaptic transmission alters the strength of the postsynaptic potential, through a process called short-term synaptic plasticity (STP). In this study, endplate potentials (EPPs) from the frog neuromuscular junction were used to resolve and quantify the presynaptic components involved in enhancement and depression of transmitter release during repetitive stimulation under normal quantal release conditions (2 mM Ca2+, 1mM Mg2+). During trains of stimulation given between 10 - 200 Hz, the amplitude of the EPPs first increased then decreased; a maximum increase of 77% was produced after 2-4 stimuli. EPP amplitudes began to increase at ~ 20 Hz, were maximal at ~ …
Analyses Of Dengue Fever And Aedes Aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Larval Habitats In A Tropical Urban Environment Of Costa Rica Using Geospatial And Mosquito Surveillance Technologies, Adriana Troyo
Open Access Dissertations
Dengue is currently the most important arboviral disease globally and is usually associated with built environments in tropical areas. Control measures are currently focused on community participation in control of the vector Aedes aegypti and larval source reduction. In Costa Rica, dengue fever is a relatively recent re-emerging disease and has become a serious public health problem. Remotely sensed information can facilitate the study of urban mosquito-borne diseases like dengue by providing multiple temporal and spatial resolutions appropriate to investigate urban structure and ecological characteristics associated with infectious disease. Initial studies showed that although dengue is a serious public health …
Development Of A Delivery System And Optical-Thermal Model For Laser Interstitial Thermotherapy Of Breast Tumors, Nelson Salas
Development Of A Delivery System And Optical-Thermal Model For Laser Interstitial Thermotherapy Of Breast Tumors, Nelson Salas
Open Access Dissertations
The purpose of this project was to develop a delivery system optimized for laser interstitial thermotherapy of small tumors of the breast. The proposed approach is to combine laser interstitial thermotherapy with stereotactic imaging for fiber guidance and treatment monitoring. The goals of the dissertation were to design a fiber insertion system for cylindrical diffusing tip optical fibers and to derive optimal laser parameters for coagulation of 1 cm tumor plus a surrounding 1 cm thick rim of healthy tissue. A fiber insertion system compatible with a high resolution stereotactic digital X-ray biopsy system was designed to guide the fiber …
Lagrangian Coherent Structures And Transport In Two-Dimensional Incompressible Flows With Oceanographic And Atmospheric Applications, Irina I. Rypina
Lagrangian Coherent Structures And Transport In Two-Dimensional Incompressible Flows With Oceanographic And Atmospheric Applications, Irina I. Rypina
Open Access Dissertations
The Lagrangian dynamics of two-dimensional incompressible fluid flows is considered, with emphasis on transport processes in atmospheric and oceanic flows. The dynamical-systems-based approach is adopted; the Lagrangian motion in such systems is studied with the aid of Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser (KAM) theory, and results relating to stable and unstable manifolds and lobe dynamics. Some nontrivial extensions of well-known results are discussed, and some extensions of the theory are developed. In problems for which the flow field consists of a steady background on which a time-dependent perturbation is superimposed, it is shown that transport barriers arise naturally and play a critical role in …
Cognitive Functioning, Immune Functioning, And Disease Progression In Perinatally Infected Hiv+ School-Aged Children On Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy, Erin Theresa O'Callaghan
Cognitive Functioning, Immune Functioning, And Disease Progression In Perinatally Infected Hiv+ School-Aged Children On Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy, Erin Theresa O'Callaghan
Open Access Dissertations
This study is one of the only investigations to examine the complex inter-relationships between immune status, cognitive functioning, and disease progression in school-aged, perinatally infected, HIV+ children on HAART over time and is the first to conduct long-term follow-up assessments beyond one year after initiating HAART. Previous research has shown that HIV+ children on HAART show stability in cognitive functioning for up to one year. The current study investigated cognitive functioning, as measured by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children -III, as a function of immune functioning and disease progression over time in this sample. Overall, results showed that PIQ …
Predicting Student Perceptions Of School Connectedness: The Contributions Of Parent Attachment And Peer Attachment, Jennifer Anne Dixon
Predicting Student Perceptions Of School Connectedness: The Contributions Of Parent Attachment And Peer Attachment, Jennifer Anne Dixon
Open Access Dissertations
This study explored the relationship between attachment quality and school connectedness in a high school sample of adolescents. Although there is a literature related to adolescent attachment quality and its effects on adjustment and development, relatively little attention has been paid to the relationship between parent and peer attachment and school connectedness. Further, these attachments and connections have yet to be examined among general and special education populations. Attachment quality has been correlated with identity development, self-esteem, competence, and psychopathology and has been investigated as a mediator in the relation between risk and resilience. School connectedness centers around the theory …
Sexual Selection And Larval Performance Of Two Species Of Red-Eyed Treefrogs, Agalychnis Callidryas And A. Moreletii Of The Chiquibul Forest Reserve, Belize., Venetia S. Briggs
Sexual Selection And Larval Performance Of Two Species Of Red-Eyed Treefrogs, Agalychnis Callidryas And A. Moreletii Of The Chiquibul Forest Reserve, Belize., Venetia S. Briggs
Open Access Dissertations
In species where males do not provide immediate benefits to females in the form of resources or parental care to offspring, adaptive mate choice may be maintained by selection because preferred males sire offspring that are genetically superior. I test the hypothesis that female mating preferences result in enhanced performance of their larvae, owing to genetic variation among sires in two species of red-eyed treefrogs. This variation in males may be manifested as body size or in advertisement call parameters. I examined natural pairing patterns and found that both species display a size-based mating pattern with substantial seasonal effects. In …
Regulation Of The Lactoperoxidase System In The Airway, Miryam A. Fragoso
Regulation Of The Lactoperoxidase System In The Airway, Miryam A. Fragoso
Open Access Dissertations
The lactoperoxidase (LPO) antimicrobial system has been shown to play an important role in maintaining sterile conditions in several tissues including the mammary gland, the salivary gland, and the airway. The LPO system in the airway consists of the enzyme LPO and its substrates hydrogen peroxide and an anion. LPO catalyzes the oxidation of a halide or pseudohalide ion for example SCN-or I- by hydrogen peroxide producing a product, OSCN- or OI- which have antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties. In order to have a functional antimicrobial system all the components need to be present at appropriate concentrations. The LPO system …
Communication And Culture: Implications For Hispanic Mothers With Deaf Children, Alliete Rodriguez Alfano
Communication And Culture: Implications For Hispanic Mothers With Deaf Children, Alliete Rodriguez Alfano
Open Access Dissertations
The majority of deaf children are born to hearing parents. The fact that many of these children use sign language as their primary form of communication poses a unique language barrier between them and their hearing families. In addition, for children who are born into Hispanic families, these children have limited access to Hispanic and Deaf cultures unless their families actively pursue involvement with those communities. Data were collected through ethnographic interviews and limited participant observation and analyzed by means of grounded theory methodology. The study investigated how Hispanic mothers communicate with their deaf children who use ASL as their …
Spatial Dynamics In The Growth And Spread Of Halimeda And Dictyota In Florida Reefs: A Simulation Modeling Approach, Aletta T. Yñiguez
Spatial Dynamics In The Growth And Spread Of Halimeda And Dictyota In Florida Reefs: A Simulation Modeling Approach, Aletta T. Yñiguez
Open Access Dissertations
Macroalgae are an important part of the coral reef ecosystem that has largely been overlooked. However, in the past few decades their abundances have increased and this has been attributed to combinations of coral mortality opening up space in the reef, decreased grazing and increased nutrient load in reefs. This dissertation illustrates a novel means of investigating the effect of various growth and disturbance factors on the dynamics of macroalgae at three different levels (individual, population and 3-species community). Macroalgae are modular and clonal organisms that have differing morphologies depending on the environment to which they are exposed. These traits …
Coral Disease Epizootiology In The Florida Keys (U.S.A.) And Cayman Islands (British West Indies), And The Development Of The Simulation Of Infected Corals Model, Marilyn Elizabeth Brandt
Coral Disease Epizootiology In The Florida Keys (U.S.A.) And Cayman Islands (British West Indies), And The Development Of The Simulation Of Infected Corals Model, Marilyn Elizabeth Brandt
Open Access Dissertations
Understanding coral disease dynamics within the heterogeneous populations in which they act is critical for predicting how the structure of reefs may change as a result of enzootic or epizootic levels of these important sources of mortality. This work focused on combining field studies and the development and testing of a spatially-explicit, individual-based epizootiological computer model with the aim of gaining a greater understanding of the dynamics and impact of white plague, a significant source of mortality on reef-building corals in the Caribbean region. Field studies focused on the incidence and distribution of all sources of coral mortality, including suspect …
Marijuana Use Among Clinic-Referred Hispanic American Adolescents With Substance Use Disorders: Gender Differences In Predictors Of Growth Trajectory Parameters, Karen Jill Kaczynski
Marijuana Use Among Clinic-Referred Hispanic American Adolescents With Substance Use Disorders: Gender Differences In Predictors Of Growth Trajectory Parameters, Karen Jill Kaczynski
Open Access Dissertations
This study was undertaken to evaluate gender differences in predictors of substance use in clinic-referred, Hispanic American adolescents with substance use disorders. Individual (disruptive behavior disorders, depression) and family variables (family conflict, parental monitoring) were evaluated as predictors of the initial level and change over time in marijuana use, and gender was evaluated as a moderator of the associations. The study involved an analysis of an existing dataset of 113 Hispanic American adolescents (93 boys; age 12 to 17) referred for outpatient treatment for substance abuse and their parental guardian. Participants and parental guardians completed questionnaires and a structured interview …
Effects Of Density And Habitat Structure On Growth And Survival Of Harvested Coral Reef Fishes, Clare Louise Wormald
Effects Of Density And Habitat Structure On Growth And Survival Of Harvested Coral Reef Fishes, Clare Louise Wormald
Open Access Dissertations
This study examines four species of ecologically similar, harvested coral-reef fishes to evaluate the influences of habitat on density, growth, and survival and tests for density dependence in growth and survival. I studied populations of Lutfanus apodus, L. synagris, Haemulon flavolineatum and H. plumierii on 8 coral reefs in the Bahamas using underwater visual surveys and mark-recapture studies. For L. apodus I used a large-scale density manipulation experiment to uncouple the relationship between density and habitat. I conducted field and laboratory tests of some of the critical assumptions of mark-recapture methods to ensure that my estimates of growth and survival …
Patterns Of Fuel Use And Storage In Songbirds In Relation To Diet Composition And Food Availability During Migration, Susan B. Smith
Patterns Of Fuel Use And Storage In Songbirds In Relation To Diet Composition And Food Availability During Migration, Susan B. Smith
Open Access Dissertations
Migration is energetically demanding for small songbirds and requires frequent stops to rest and replenish energy reserves. Food quality and availability at migration stopover sites may influence the length of time birds spend refueling, and could therefore be used to predict the quality of habitats for migrating birds. The objectives of my research were (1) to determine the effects of dietary macronutrient composition on plasma indicators of fuel use and body composition of birds, (2) to compare the nutrient composition and adequacy of seasonal fruit resources for satisfying the nutritional requirements of songbirds, and (3) to evaluate patterns of fuel …
Managing Marine Resource Use Conflicts: Marine Sand Mining In Korea, Tae-Goun Kim
Managing Marine Resource Use Conflicts: Marine Sand Mining In Korea, Tae-Goun Kim
Open Access Dissertations
Management of conflicts between resources uses is a major focus of research in environmental economics and a major concern for decision makers and affected parties. While economic simulation models and quantitative methods can be used to improve the information available to decision makers regarding efficient resource uses and the distribution of gains and losses, the analysis of natural resource systems and the services they provide raises very complex issues. This is because such analysis must include not only an appropriate economic framework but also must integrate economics with relevant information from related disciplines, such as fisheries, aspects of geology, and …
Korean Fisheries: Policies, Stock Assessment And Compliance Issues, Jong-Oh Nam
Korean Fisheries: Policies, Stock Assessment And Compliance Issues, Jong-Oh Nam
Open Access Dissertations
The first manuscript examines the status and trends of the current Korean fisheries management regime. Specifically, this paper describes the Korean conventional fisheries management regime and discusses its problems and limitations. In describing policy evolution, I find reasons why the Korean government has chosen a TAC system, an output control approach, besides input control approaches which have been in force for almost a century. Also described is evolution of the Korean TAC system, which plays a pivotal role in Korean fisheries development. Finally, I give a perspective on expanding the Korean TAC system toward Output Control Systems. This second manuscript …
Religiosity, Health, And Well-Being Among Middle Eastern/ Arab Muslims And Christians In The Usa: A Study Of Positive Emotion As A Mediator, Lotus Makram Meshreki
Religiosity, Health, And Well-Being Among Middle Eastern/ Arab Muslims And Christians In The Usa: A Study Of Positive Emotion As A Mediator, Lotus Makram Meshreki
Open Access Dissertations
This study examined the relationship between different dimensions of religiosity and mental health and well-being, and the mediating role of positive emotion in a sample of 181 Middle Eastern/ Arab Christians and Muslims in the U.S. Results showed a positive relationship between intrinsic religiosity and positive mental health and well-being that was mediated by positive emotion. Intrinsic religiosity had a stronger relationship to positive emotion than did extrinsic religiosity. Positive emotion in tum was related to better mental health and well-being.
Romantic Couples And Partner Use Of Sexually Explicit Material: The Mediating Role Of Cognitions For Dyadic And Sexual Satisfaction, Ana J. Bridges
Romantic Couples And Partner Use Of Sexually Explicit Material: The Mediating Role Of Cognitions For Dyadic And Sexual Satisfaction, Ana J. Bridges
Open Access Dissertations
This dissertation examined the relationship between use of sexually explicit material (SEM) and sexual and relationship satisfaction. Three hypotheses were examined: (1) negative interpretations of a partner's SEM use would be related to lower dyadic satisfaction; (2) interactive SEM use would result in more negative partner interpretations of that use; and (3) distressed couples would be less reliable reporters of each other's SEM use. The study also explored how feminist values, depression, and sexual functioning correlated with interpretations of a partner's SEM use. Participants were 217 couples in exclusive heterosexual relationships solicited through Internet sites devoted to psychological studies. Couples …
Developmental And Neuropsychological Perspectives On The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test In Normal Children, I. Simona Bujoreanu
Developmental And Neuropsychological Perspectives On The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test In Normal Children, I. Simona Bujoreanu
Open Access Dissertations
Contemporary efforts in neuropsychological assessment of children are directed towards the use of developmentally sensitive instruments especially when targeting cognitive abilities, such as executive function, which are known to have a protracted period of development. The purpose of the present study was to advance the understanding of the WCST as a measure of executive function in six-year-old children. The test requires subjects to sort cards by three criteria: color, shape, and number of objects on the card. This study investigated the level of difficulty for young children required to use number as a sorting criterion. Based on developmental research on …