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The Effects Of Harvesting On Ecological Communities, Douglas Robert Scheib
The Effects Of Harvesting On Ecological Communities, Douglas Robert Scheib
Open Access Dissertations
In this paper, we derive and study a model for three species interacting via intraguild predation. We assume logistic growth for both the resource and consumer species, and functional responses with saturation, interspecific interference, and intraspecific interference for the predator-prey interactions. This leads to Beddington-DeAngelis-type functional responses. We consider local and global properties of the resource-consumer subsystem, and give conditions for permanence. We then consider permanence in the full system, along with the effects varying some of the parameters has on the invasibility and exclusion of each species. We also look at the effects that harvesting each species in the …
Empirical And Theoretical Analysis Of Complex Systems, Guannan Zhao
Empirical And Theoretical Analysis Of Complex Systems, Guannan Zhao
Open Access Dissertations
This thesis is an interdisciplinary work under the heading of complexity science which focuses on an arguably common "hard" problem across physics, finance and biology [1], to quantify and mimic the macroscopic "emergent phenomenon" in largescale systems consisting of many interacting "particles" governed by microscopic rules. In contrast to traditional statistical physics, we are interested in systems whose dynamics are subject to feedback, evolution, adaption, openness, etc. Global financial markets, like the stock market and currency market, are ideal candidate systems for such a complexity study: there exists a vast amount of accurate data, which is the aggregate output of …
Analysis Of Complex I Activity Within And Among Populations Of Fundulus Heteroclitus, Samuel J. Loftus
Analysis Of Complex I Activity Within And Among Populations Of Fundulus Heteroclitus, Samuel J. Loftus
Open Access Dissertations
This research focuses on the mitochondrial Complex I (EC. 1.6.5.3), the genes that encode this enzyme complex, the pattern of enzyme activity within and among populations, and how mRNA expression covaries with Complex I activity. Complex I is found in nearly every organism and has diversified from a core complex of 14 subunits to the 45 subunit complex found in vertebrates. The appearance of subunits over time is characterized by a large gain of subunits by multicellular animals and only 5 vertebrate specific subunits. Subunit sequences are generally well conserved suggesting that these subunits are performing essential functions. Human disease …
An Investigation Of Nanos1 Function During Primordial Germ Cell Development In Xenopus Laevis., Fangfang Lai
An Investigation Of Nanos1 Function During Primordial Germ Cell Development In Xenopus Laevis., Fangfang Lai
Open Access Dissertations
Nanos is expressed in multipotent cells, stem cells, and primordial germ cells (PGCs) of organisms as diverse as jellyfish and humans. It functions together with Pumilio to translationally repress targeted mRNAs. Here we show by loss-of-function experiments that Xenopus Nanos1 is required to preserve PGC fate. Morpholino knockdown of maternal Nanos1 resulted in a striking decrease in PGCs and loss of germ cells from the gonads. Lineage tracing and TUNEL staining reveals that Nanos1 deficient PGCs fail to migrate out of the endoderm. They appear to undergo apoptosis rather than convert to normal endoderm. Whereas normal PGCs do not become …
On The Growth And Exploitation Pattern Effects On The Recuperation From Overfishing Of The Red Snapper, Lutjanus Campechanus, In The Gulf Of Mexico., Vallierre K. W. Deleveaux
On The Growth And Exploitation Pattern Effects On The Recuperation From Overfishing Of The Red Snapper, Lutjanus Campechanus, In The Gulf Of Mexico., Vallierre K. W. Deleveaux
Open Access Dissertations
The red snapper stock in the Gulf of Mexico has been classified as severely overfished, and overfishing continues, therefore several management actions have been imposed on the Gulf red snapper fishery, including closed seasons, quotas and minimum sizes. For this reason the red snapper is often referred to as one of the most intensively managed stocks in the United States. A recovery plan for red snapper, which includes a reduction of the shrimp bycatch mortality to 50% of the 2001-2003 level, had been established so that a 20% SPR would be attained by the year 2032. Due to the very …
Regulation Of Early Pattern Formation In The Sea Urchin Embryo By The Wnt Pathway Components Dishevelled And Axin, Chieh-Fu Peng
Regulation Of Early Pattern Formation In The Sea Urchin Embryo By The Wnt Pathway Components Dishevelled And Axin, Chieh-Fu Peng
Open Access Dissertations
Data from diverse species within the deuterostomes (mouse, frog, fish, amphioxus, hemichordate, ascidians, sea urchin, sea star) and protostomes (annelids, planarians, nemerteans, mollusks) suggest that Wnt/β-catenin signaling determines posterior identity and thus patterns anterior-posterior body plan formation in most bilaterians. Moreover, nuclear β-catenin marks the gastrulation site in many metazoans including the cnidarians. The activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling at one pole of these embryos is highly influenced by the animal-vegetal (AV) axis of the oocyte. This primary egg axis is specified during oogenesis, however, the maternal mechanisms that establish AV egg polarity and subsequently mediate asymmetric activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling …
Transmission Dynamics Of Some Epidemiological Patch Models, Daozhou Gao
Transmission Dynamics Of Some Epidemiological Patch Models, Daozhou Gao
Open Access Dissertations
As we known, infectious diseases can be transmitted from one region to another due to extensive travel and migration. Meanwhile, different regions have different demographic and epidemiological characteristics. To capture these features, multi-patch epidemic models have been developed to study disease transmission in heterogeneous environments. In Chapter 1, a susceptible-infectious-susceptible patch model with nonconstant transmission coefficients is formulated to investigate the effect of media coverage and human movement on the spread of infectious diseases among patches. In chapter 2, I propose a multi-patch model to study the effects of population dispersal on the spatial spread of malaria between patches. In …
Racial/Ethnic Differences In Depressive Symptoms And Treatment Effect Among Patients With Myocardial Infarction From The Enhancing Recovery In Coronary Heart Disease (Enrichd) Trial, Hsin-Hua Lin
Open Access Dissertations
This study examined racial/ethnic group differences in depressive symptoms and treatment effect in a diverse clinical sample of post myocardial infarction (MI) patients. Specific aims were to test group measurement equivalence of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) across non-Hispanic Blacks, non-Hispanic Whites, and Hispanic cardiac patients and to test stability of a BDI measurement model over time from baseline to six-months post-treatment both in the treatment and the usual care groups. The participants included 2370 diverse post-MI patients (467 non-Hispanic Blacks, 1647 non-Hispanic Whites, and 256 Hispanics), a subgroup of the participants who were clinically depressed and/or socially isolated from …
Formation And Prediction Of The Singing Perceptions Of Self-Labeled Singers And Non-Singers, Elizabeth Gaile Stephens
Formation And Prediction Of The Singing Perceptions Of Self-Labeled Singers And Non-Singers, Elizabeth Gaile Stephens
Open Access Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to investigate predictors of self-labeled singers and non-singers’ beliefs about singing, with the additional goal of exploring a conceptualization of singing perceptions. A researcher-created Singing Perception and Participation survey was used to collect information about the singing perceptions of university students (N = 171). A factor analysis was run to determine if singing identity, singing self-efficacy, and singing attitudes of students were factors of singing perceptions. To examine common participant singing perceptions, descriptive analyses were also conducted. A multiple regression was used to determine if the independent variables of home environment, music learning environment, …
Water And Carbon Balances Of Deciduous And Evergreen Broadleaf Trees From A Subtropical Cloud Forest In Southwest China, Yongjiang Zhang
Water And Carbon Balances Of Deciduous And Evergreen Broadleaf Trees From A Subtropical Cloud Forest In Southwest China, Yongjiang Zhang
Open Access Dissertations
Evergreen and deciduous trees are conspicuous growth forms across most forest ecosystems around the world. The competition or coexistence between deciduous and evergreen tree species is an old but important ecological topic. The relative advantages of being deciduous or evergreen and the environmental constraints on tree and ecosystem level carbon assimilation in subtropical forests are poorly understood. Evergreen broadleaf trees dominate the forests from elevations of 1000 to 2600 m in the subtropical area of Southwest China, while the subtropical forests from Southeast China at similar elevations are dominated by deciduous trees. The eco-physiological mechanism in explaining this distribution pattern …
Knowledge-Assisted Sequential Pattern Analysis: An Application In Labor Contraction Prediction, Zifang Huang
Knowledge-Assisted Sequential Pattern Analysis: An Application In Labor Contraction Prediction, Zifang Huang
Open Access Dissertations
Although neuraxial techniques, such as spinal and epidural, are still considered as the gold standard for labor analgesia, there are some parturients who cannot receive neuraxial analgesia because of pre-existing conditions, or who request analgesia other than epidural block. An alternative analgesia is remifentanil, which is a relatively new, very potent and short-acting opioid. It has been shown to be effective in the relief of labor pain, but reports to date have failed to find the optimal dosing regimen. A challenge to a systemic opioid is that it must match the unique time course of labor pain. A continuous infusion …
A Latent Class Analysis Of Metabolic Syndrome Among Hispanics/Latinos Living In The United States In Relation To Cardiovascular Disease Prevalence: Results From The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study Of Latinos (Hchs/Sol), William Arguelles
Open Access Dissertations
Using preliminary data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), this cross-sectional study employed latent class analysis to investigate 1) whether distinct subtypes of metabolic syndrome (MetS) could be identified among a large and diverse sample of US Hispanic/Latinos (H/Ls), 2) how identified MetS subtypes differed in demographic, socioeconomic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics, and 3) the association between identified MetS subtypes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence. Incorporating continuous measures of MetS components (waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting glucose) and data on antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and glucose-lowering medication use into analyses, two latent …
New Methods For Improving The Watershed-Scale Modeling Of In-Stream Pathogen Indicator Bacteria, Jeffrey J. Iudicello
New Methods For Improving The Watershed-Scale Modeling Of In-Stream Pathogen Indicator Bacteria, Jeffrey J. Iudicello
Open Access Dissertations
Excessive bacteria levels are the leading cause of impairment in U.S. water bodies. This dissertation looked at the use of watershed-scale computer models to predict in-stream bacteria concentrations. The study site was the Little River Experimental Watershed (LREW) in Tifton, GA, and fecal coliform fate and transport models were built for four of the LREW catchments over the period Jan 1996 - Dec 2002. A multi-model approach was used in the study to examine the current capacity of industry-standard models and to avoid conclusions unique to a particular catchment. Three models were examined: HSPF, SWAT, and a new model based …
Synthesis And Characterization Of Transition Metal Complexes With Bulky Tin Ligands For Application In Small Molecule Activation, Veeranna Yempally
Synthesis And Characterization Of Transition Metal Complexes With Bulky Tin Ligands For Application In Small Molecule Activation, Veeranna Yempally
Open Access Dissertations
The role of bulky tin ligands in the stabilization of transition metal complexes with electronic unsaturation has been studied to understand the mode of binding of small molecules at an unsaturated metal center. We were able to isolate electronically unsaturated Pt-Sn bimetallic complexes effective in the reversible activation of small molecules including CO, H2, C2H4, and NH3 at room temperature. We have examined the effect of the modification of ligands in Pt-Sn bimetallic complexes for the activation of small molecules and have observed that the Pt(SnBut3)2(CNBut)2 bimetallic complex reversibly activates hydrogen at room temperature both in the solid state and …
Intralocus Sexual Conflict, Ontogenetic Conflict And Color Evolution In The Ibiza Wall Lizard, Podarcis Pityusensis, Nathan B. Dappen
Intralocus Sexual Conflict, Ontogenetic Conflict And Color Evolution In The Ibiza Wall Lizard, Podarcis Pityusensis, Nathan B. Dappen
Open Access Dissertations
Selection on the same trait may differ between the sexes and among age groups as a result of sex- and age-specific strategies in reproduction and survival. Antagonistic selective pressures on traits shared between the sexes can lead to intralocus sexual conflict, which occurs when selection favors the expression of particular alleles in one sex, but disfavors the expression of those same alleles in the opposite sex. Similarly, antagonistic selection on traits shared among age groups, can lead to intralocus ontogenetic conflict, which occurs when selection favors the expression of particular alleles in one age group, but disfavors the expression of …
Coping With Homonegative Experiences Among Gay Men: Impacts On Mental Health, Psychological Well-Being, And Identity Growth, Seth T. Christman
Coping With Homonegative Experiences Among Gay Men: Impacts On Mental Health, Psychological Well-Being, And Identity Growth, Seth T. Christman
Open Access Dissertations
While minority stress research increasingly show that high rates of homonegative experiences can contribute to negative mental health outcomes in gay men, less is known about the ways in which gay men cope with these experiences and their potential to experience positive outcomes such as well-being and identity growth. Understanding the strengths of gay men in coping with numerous, multi-faceted homonegative experiences is essential in creating an accurate understanding of gay men’s development and informing research, policy, and practice around gay men’s well-being and growth. This study seeks to describe the nature of gay men’s homonegative experiences, describe the coping …
Small Molecule Inhibition Of Cd40–Cd154 Co-Stimulatory Interaction, Lakshmi Ganesan
Small Molecule Inhibition Of Cd40–Cd154 Co-Stimulatory Interaction, Lakshmi Ganesan
Open Access Dissertations
The CD40–CD154 protein-protein interaction (PPI) is an important tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) interaction that mainly provides co-stimulatory signals to T-cells consequent to antigen presentation in adaptive immunity. Blockade of this PPI can cause immune unresponsiveness (anergy) and is, therefore, an important therapeutic target for immunosuppression. Following our recent discovery of the first small-molecule inhibitors of this PPI, the present work focuses on the identification of compounds with improved ligand efficiency and the confirmation of their activity in cell-based assays. Our best inhibitors identified to date are organic dyes that show low micro-molar activity in inhibiting CD40–CD154 binding and whose …
Evolutionary Ecology Of The Corallivorous Gastropod, Coralliophila Abbreviata: Implications For Imperiled Caribbean Corals, Lyza Johnston
Evolutionary Ecology Of The Corallivorous Gastropod, Coralliophila Abbreviata: Implications For Imperiled Caribbean Corals, Lyza Johnston
Open Access Dissertations
As the resiliency of coral reefs is eroded by a variety of natural and anthropogenic stressors, corallivory is becoming an increasingly important factor affecting the structure and function of these important ecosystems. Yet, little is known about the mechanistic drivers of coral-corallivore dynamics in many regions, including the Caribbean. In this dissertation, I used an integrated approach to investigate the evolutionary ecology of the coral-eating gastropod, Coralliophila abbreviata, on the reefs of Florida and the Caribbean. Coralliophila abbreviata snails live and feed on most of the major reef-building corals in the region and cause substantial and chronic mortality of the …
The Role Of Snai1 During Heart Development, Ge Tao
The Role Of Snai1 During Heart Development, Ge Tao
Open Access Dissertations
Congenital cardiovascular defects (CHD) are the most common causes of infant death from birth defects (Lloyd-Jones, Adams et al. 2010). In the United States, over 25,000 cases with myocardial defects such as hypoplastic left heart syndrome were recorded in 2001. Beyond this astonishing number, an estimated 3 million more people have bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) (Rosamond, Flegal et al. 2008). Despite the clinical significance, there is a lack of effective therapies for treating CHDs, with surgical intervention as the most common treatment. Thus understanding the normal development of these affected cardiac compartments may provide novel insights and therapeutic targets of …
Application Of 3d-Fluorescence And Parafac Modeling In Marine Dom Investigations, Wilson G. Mendoza
Application Of 3d-Fluorescence And Parafac Modeling In Marine Dom Investigations, Wilson G. Mendoza
Open Access Dissertations
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a crucial role in the nutrient and carbon cycling in the coastal-shelf-ocean boundary. It is a major reservoir of reduced carbon and carries important information on how the sea and landscape have been modified. Due to the complexity of the biogeochemical processes in this boundary, its distribution is not well understood. This study evaluated the Excitation Emission Matrix (EEM) fluorescence method combined with Parallel Factorial Analysis (PARAFAC) modeling to resolve DOM fluorescence components, and their distribution from near-shore to off-shore. Results of this study demonstrated several advances in monitoring the temporal distribution of DOM on …
The Effectiveness Of Music Mentoring For At-Risk Youth In Middle School: Implementation And Assessment Of The Gogo Program., Frank Chadwyck Bernstein
The Effectiveness Of Music Mentoring For At-Risk Youth In Middle School: Implementation And Assessment Of The Gogo Program., Frank Chadwyck Bernstein
Open Access Dissertations
Guitars Over Guns Organization, Inc. (GOGO) is a 501c3 not-for-profit mentoring-based music education program co-founded by prominent South Florida jazz trombonist Frank Chadwyck (Chad) Bernstein and his father, Robert (Bob) Bernstein, a Chicago businessman. GOGO uses contemporary music to entice at-risk adolescents in high-crime neighborhoods to participate in after-school bands, supplying instruments for the students and providing an alternative to the negative influences that typically dominate their environments. GOGO also mentors these kids on a one-on-one basis in order to provide the support and tools they need to stay in and succeed in school, hoping to increase the likelihood they’ll …
Predator-Specificity Of Multimodal Alarm Signals In The Eastern Gray Squirrel (Sciurus Carolinensis), Thaddeus R. Mcrae
Predator-Specificity Of Multimodal Alarm Signals In The Eastern Gray Squirrel (Sciurus Carolinensis), Thaddeus R. Mcrae
Open Access Dissertations
Communication is a fundamental biological phenomenon, necessary in many species for successful reproduction, social interactions, and predator avoidance. Understanding animal communication systems is therefore vital to our understanding of biology. One of the core attributes of any signaling system is the information contained in each signal. In this dissertation I first review the literature on the information contained in sciurid alarm calls, and note the dearth of knowledge about the presence or absence of predator-specific alarm calls in arboreal squirrels. Arboreal squirrels are closely related to ground squirrels, which have a variety of alarm calling systems, but seek refuge in …
Improving Search In Genetic Algorithms Through Instinct-Based Mating Strategies, Thiago S. Quirino
Improving Search In Genetic Algorithms Through Instinct-Based Mating Strategies, Thiago S. Quirino
Open Access Dissertations
The Genetic Algorithm (GA) is a popular approach to search and optimization that has been applied to hundreds of real-world optimization problems across numerous domains of science. The GA describes an iterative search process that seeks to improve the quality of an initially random set of solutions with respect to some user-defined optimization criteria. The components of this iterative search process mimic Darwinian biological evolutionary processes such as mating, recombination, mutation, and survival of the fittest. Over the years, researchers have attempted to improve various components of the GA search process. However, the impact of the mating strategy, which determines …
Structural Violence And Vulnerable Populations: Health And Health Care Utilization Among Black, Female, Sex Workers In Miami, Florida, Leah Marlene Varga
Structural Violence And Vulnerable Populations: Health And Health Care Utilization Among Black, Female, Sex Workers In Miami, Florida, Leah Marlene Varga
Open Access Dissertations
Vulnerable populations are affected by social ills resulting from unjust social, political, and economic systems. The consequences of these structural inequalities may affect health care utilization patterns. I examined the health needs, barriers, and utilization of health care services among a sample of Black, female street-based sex workers in Miami, Florida, while exploring the impact of violence, both physical and structural, on utilization of health care services. To do this, both quantitative and qualitative methods were applied. I used focus group data and a grounded theory approach to illuminate health care experiences and the relationship between structural violence and health …
Mangroves On The Move: Predictions Of Storm Surge Effects On Coastal Vegetation, Jiang Jiang
Mangroves On The Move: Predictions Of Storm Surge Effects On Coastal Vegetation, Jiang Jiang
Open Access Dissertations
The landward coastal zones of the low-lying habitats are characterized by sharp ecotones between salinity-tolerant (halophytic) vegetation types, such as mangroves, and salinity-intolerant (glycophytic) vegetation types, such as freshwater marsh and hardwood hammocks. Empirical studies show a gradual landward migration of these ecotones in some areas, due to sea level rise (SLR), and evidence in some areas of rapid change from glycophytic to halophytic vegetation, possibly as regime shifts resulting from salinity overwash from storm surges. In this dissertation work, the plausibility of storm surge related regime shifts of glycophytic vegetation was investigated using a coupled hydrological and ecological simulation …
Role Of Deimination For Protein Synthesis In Neuronal Cells, Di Ding
Role Of Deimination For Protein Synthesis In Neuronal Cells, Di Ding
Open Access Dissertations
Deimination refers to conversion of protein-bound arginine into citrulline. In contrast to global hyper-deimination in the brain and eyes, we have found local hypo-deimination in the retinal ganglion cell layer of patients and in a transgenic mouse model of multiple sclerosis. REF, an RNA and export binding protein, was specifically found to undergo loss of deimination in multiple sclerosis, resulting in functional changes in RNA binding. mRNAs for SNARE complex and mitochondrial ATPase complex are enriched by deiminated REF. We confirmed the presence of REF in dendritic site and mitochondrial surface. Only the deiminated form of REF interacts with the …
Ecowomanist Endeavors: Race, Gender, And Environmental Ethics In Contemporary Caribbean Women's Literature, Debbie-Ann C. Morrison
Ecowomanist Endeavors: Race, Gender, And Environmental Ethics In Contemporary Caribbean Women's Literature, Debbie-Ann C. Morrison
Open Access Dissertations
This dissertation examines the intersections of gender, sexuality, community, landscape, ecology, and social justice as they appear in selected literary texts by contemporary Caribbean women writers. Beginning with an awareness of the various ecological crises enveloping the Caribbean as well as a firm belief that an analysis of literature might reveal inherent values regarding ecological sustainability and the need for propagating environmentally ethical practices throughout the region, the project uses Alice Walker’s notion of womanism to craft what it calls an “ecologically womanist” reading of texts by Lorna Goodison, Olive Senior, Jamaica Kincaid, Mayra Montero, Dionne Brand, and Pauline Melville. …
Keeping The Balance: The Role Of The Serotonin Subtype 1a Receptor In Regulating Cortisol Secretion In The Gulf Toadfish (Opsanus Beta), Lea R. Medeiros
Keeping The Balance: The Role Of The Serotonin Subtype 1a Receptor In Regulating Cortisol Secretion In The Gulf Toadfish (Opsanus Beta), Lea R. Medeiros
Open Access Dissertations
It is well established that serotonin (5-HT; 5-hydroxytryptamine) plays a role in regulating the mammalian hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis via the 5-HT receptor subtype 1A (5-HT1A). To date, there has not been a comprehensive investigation of the molecular, pharmacological and physiological aspects of the 5-HT1A receptor and its role in the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis in a single species of teleost fish. The Gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta) 5-HT1A receptor was cloned and sequenced, showing 67.5% amino acid similarity to the human homologue. The 5-HT1A receptor was distributed throughout the brain, with the midbrain/diencephalon region containing significantly higher transcript levels …
Pediatric Voice: Delineating The Voice Science And Investigating Child Training Methods Toward Pedagogical Application, Maria Fenty Denison
Pediatric Voice: Delineating The Voice Science And Investigating Child Training Methods Toward Pedagogical Application, Maria Fenty Denison
Open Access Dissertations
This study investigates the synergistic relationship between voice science and voice pedagogy to inform the practices of voice teachers, music educators, and voice trainers. Furthermore, it is an effort to augment existing knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the pediatric voice so voice professionals may design targeted curricula in pediatric pedagogy. The most current materials in voice science and voice pedagogy were reviewed and relevant findings connecting both fields of study delineated. In the field of voice science, research concerning the progression of the vocal mechanism from fetus through adolescence was evaluated to clarify physiological findings potentially relevant to …
Behavioral Ecology Of Parental Care In A Dendrobatid Frog (Oophaga Pumilio), Jennifer L. Stynoski
Behavioral Ecology Of Parental Care In A Dendrobatid Frog (Oophaga Pumilio), Jennifer L. Stynoski
Open Access Dissertations
Parental care is essential to the success of both parents and offspring in many species, and plays an important role in the evolution of animal mating systems and life histories. The mechanisms that regulate the intensity and form of parental care in a species are determined by many factors and are highly variable across taxa. However, our understanding of the behavioral ecology of parental care is built on research that is highly taxonomically biased to birds, with some studies also in mammals, arthropods, and fish. Amphibians display an impressive diversity of form in parental care, yet few studies of parental …