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Articles 1981 - 2010 of 3760
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Role Of Soluble Adenylyl Cyclase In Neuronal Survival And Regeneration, Raul G. Corredor
Role Of Soluble Adenylyl Cyclase In Neuronal Survival And Regeneration, Raul G. Corredor
Open Access Dissertations
Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) as well as other CNS neurons do not regenerate after injury and die soon after. While significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular basis for this lack of regenerative ability, this knowledge has not been enough to generate effective therapeutic strategies to promote axonal regeneration or prevent cell death after injury. Multiple signaling pathways are involved in neuronal survival and growth, but particular importance has been attributed to the role of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathway and electrical activity in modulating these processes. cAMP works with other signaling pathways, growth factors, and electrical …
Positive Emotion And Impulsivity In Individuals With Bipolar I Disorder, Jennifer Y. Nam
Positive Emotion And Impulsivity In Individuals With Bipolar I Disorder, Jennifer Y. Nam
Open Access Dissertations
Impulsivity as a symptom during mania is well documented, but less is known about the driving factors behind these impulsive acts. Perhaps this is because impulsivity is a term that encompasses multiple facets. There is evidence for a type of impulsivity in which extreme sensitivity to positive affective states can influence cognitive processes, such as error detection and identification of threatening cues. This can ultimately lead to engagement in impulsive actions during elevated mood states. Among people who are vulnerable to mania, positive moods have larger or more pervasive effects than they have on other people. While there is more …
Mathematical Modeling Of Craniospinal Hydrodynamics: Investigation Of Csf Dynamics And Compliance Function, Rong-Wen Tain
Mathematical Modeling Of Craniospinal Hydrodynamics: Investigation Of Csf Dynamics And Compliance Function, Rong-Wen Tain
Open Access Dissertations
During each heart beat, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flows back and forth between the cranium and spinal canal. This pulsatile flow is driven by the pulsatile blood flow to the cranial vault and is modulated by the biomechanical properties of the craniospinal system (e.g., intracranial and spinal canal compliances). Considerable effort has been made over the last eight decades, primarily using invasive techniques, to understand the dynamics of the CSF pulsation and the role of each of the system’s sub-compartments in modulation of the CSF pulsation. Even with the significant technical advances in both invasive and non-invasive modalities over the …
The Role Of Il-2/Il-2r Signaling For Treg Cell Development, Homeostasis And Function, Guoyan Cheng
The Role Of Il-2/Il-2r Signaling For Treg Cell Development, Homeostasis And Function, Guoyan Cheng
Open Access Dissertations
CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells belong to a distinct T cell lineage which develops in the thymus and is essential for the prevention of self-reactivity by suppressing peripheral auto-reactive T cells that escape thymic negative selection. IL-2/IL-2R signaling is crucial and non-redundant for the development of thymic Treg cells, as well as the homeostasis and competitive fitness of peripheral Treg cells. The central role of IL-2 in Treg biology is exemplified by the uncontrolled massive lymphoproliferation associated with IL-2-/-, IL-2Rα-/- and IL-2Rβ-/- mice which typically die by 4-12 week of age. It is noteworthy that a restored normal percentage …
Improving The Quantitative Assessment Of Intraretinal Features By Determining Both Structural And Optical Properties Of The Retinal Tissue With Optical Coherence Tomography, Wei Gao
Open Access Dissertations
The goal of this project is to obtain quantitative assessments of intraretinal features by determining the structural and optical properties of retinal tissue with optical coherence tomography. To accomplish this goal, structural and optical properties, in addition to thickness measurements, were extracted from OCT-based images and were used for the discrimination of DM eyes with and without DR from healthy eyes. First, structural parameters including the thickness, fractal dimension, energy, entropy, correlation and contrast were evaluated for each intraretinal layer using various image processing techniques such as speckle noise removal, retinal segmentation and blood vessel shadow removal. In addition, optical …
Mitochondrial Involvement In Neurodegeneration And Aging, Alicia M. Pickrell
Mitochondrial Involvement In Neurodegeneration And Aging, Alicia M. Pickrell
Open Access Dissertations
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and oxidative phosphorylation deficiency have been associated with neurodegenerative disease and aging. I hypothesized that different neuronal populations handle the respiratory chain dysfunctions differently and that different cell types also mediate different responses to mtDNA damage. We used a transgenic mouse model under the tetracycline response system to temporally and spatially control the expression of a mitochondrial-targeted restriction endonuclease, mito-PstI. Using different neuronal drivers to induce the expression of mito-PstI, we were able to elicit mtDNA double strand break damage causing an OXPHOS deficiency in vivo (Chapter 2 and 3). We then were able to follow …
Modeling Environmental Contamination Of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria In Hospitals, Lei Wang
Modeling Environmental Contamination Of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria In Hospitals, Lei Wang
Open Access Dissertations
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterium that causes infections in different parts of the body. It is tougher to treat than most strains of Staphylococcus aureus or staph, because it is resistant to some commonly used antibiotics. In this work, we investigate the role of environmental contamination on the clinical epidemiology of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in hospitals. A compartmental model is constructed to describe the transmission characteristics of MRSA in hospital setting. The deterministic epidemic model includes five compartments: colonized and uncolonized patients, contaminated and uncontamincated health care workers (HCWs), and bacterial load in environment. Basic reproduction number R0 is …
The Effects Of Rumination On Psychological And Biological Recovery From Stress In Depression, Joelle Lemoult
The Effects Of Rumination On Psychological And Biological Recovery From Stress In Depression, Joelle Lemoult
Open Access Dissertations
Diathesis-stress models of depression highlight that stress triggers the onset of a depressive episode. Increasing evidence, however, suggest that increased risk comes not from the initial response to stress, but rather from difficulty regulating emotions in a way that facilitates recovery. Rumination is a maladaptive emotion regulation strategy shown to prolong negative affect in response to distress. The current study extends past research by comparing the effects of a rumination versus distraction induction on biological and psychological recovery from stress among individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls (CTLs). Participants were exposed to a psychosocial stressor and then …
Bacterial Virulence Factor And Host Stress-Response Kinase, Niraj Shrestha
Bacterial Virulence Factor And Host Stress-Response Kinase, Niraj Shrestha
Open Access Dissertations
Animals possess several different defense mechanisms to resist microbial infection. These defense mechanisms have different signaling pathway and receptors. Pathogens have also evolved different mechanisms to act against such defense mechanisms of the host. Previously we observed that in a yeast-based model, the activities of the Yersinia protein-kinase A (YpkA) and outer- protein J (YopJ) virulence factors converge on the eIF2α kinase Hri2. This pathway, eIF2α signaling, has been well characterized for regulation of global protein synthesis and to facilitate this function, in case of stress, four kinases are present in mammalian cells (GCN2, PERK, PKR and HRI). Out of …
The Role Of Sonic Hedgehog Signaling In The Regulation Of Muscle Wasting And Cancer Cachexia, Rui Zhan
The Role Of Sonic Hedgehog Signaling In The Regulation Of Muscle Wasting And Cancer Cachexia, Rui Zhan
Open Access Dissertations
Cancer cachexia, defined by severe weight loss with inflammation, is responsible for one third of all cancer deaths. Inflammatory cytokines have been linked to muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still not fully understood. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling is known to regulate embryonic muscle development and muscle regeneration. We show here, in vitro and in vivo, that cancer and cancer-related cytokines functionally activated Shh signaling in muscle cells. Activation or inhibition of Shh signaling led to muscle atrophy or muscle hypertrophy, respectively. Mechanistically, Shh signaling promoted self-renewal of selected myogenic progenitors in atrophied muscle, preventing …
Domains Of Schizotypy And Associations With Cognitive Biases In A Non-Clinical Sample: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach, Stephanie A. Sacks
Domains Of Schizotypy And Associations With Cognitive Biases In A Non-Clinical Sample: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach, Stephanie A. Sacks
Open Access Dissertations
The spectrum perspective views schizotypy as a subclinical expression of schizophrenic psychopathology resulting from shared etiology (Claridge & Beech, 1995). Research on normative populations scoring high on schizotypy is valuable because performance is not confounded by issues often present in schizophrenia samples. Research on schizotypy is also important because it may help elucidate the predisposition to schizophrenia (Jahshan & Sergi, 2007). Prior efforts to establish the underlying multidimensional construct of schizotypy have not been entirely consistent, but have generally supported a four-factor model when more comprehensive measures of schizotypy are used (Reynolds, Raine, Mellingen, Venables, & Mednick, 2000). The current …
Transmembrane Domain Structure And Function In The Erythropoietin Receptor, Ian Brett
Transmembrane Domain Structure And Function In The Erythropoietin Receptor, Ian Brett
Open Access Dissertations
a dissertation
Therapeutic Effects Of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily 25 (Tnfrsf25)-Mediated Expansion Of T-Regulatory Cells In Allergic Lung Inflammation And Airway Remodeling, Matthew Tsai
Open Access Dissertations
Chronic allergic lung inflammation results in airway remodeling and permanent structural changes. Here we show that administration of agonists to TNF receptor super family 25 (TNFRSF25) in vivo causes expansion of natural and allergen-specific CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T-cells (Tregs), which can prevent allergic lung immunopathology in the acute setting, and if administered during chronic allergic lung inflammation, inhibits inflammation and reverses airway remodeling. TNFRSF25-expanded Tregs reduced eosinophilia in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, reduced expression of T-helper type-2 (Th2) cytokines and blunted allergen-specific Th2 effector responses. Previously established chronic airway remodeling, as measured by goblet cell hyperplasia and subepithelial collagen deposition, was …
Topographic Reconstruction Through A Wavy Interface Using A Structure Light Technique, Amin Sarafraz
Topographic Reconstruction Through A Wavy Interface Using A Structure Light Technique, Amin Sarafraz
Open Access Dissertations
Three dimensional (3D) surface imaging has been an active area of research for decades and has reached a stage of maturity, thanks to digital cameras and ever-increasing computational power. Its utilization in science and technology is rapidly growing due to its potentials in civil engineering, mapping, structural monitoring and inspection, archaeology, and cultural heritage documentation, to name a few. In this research we will focus on development of a 3D surface imaging technique for applications in a special environment in civil engineering, i.e. underwater. Some of the most important methods of 3D surface imaging are based on the use of …
Population Connectivity In A Dynamic Coastal System: Effects Of Mesoscale Eddies On Distribution, Growth, Survival, And Transport Of Larval Reef Fishes, Kathryn Shulzitski
Population Connectivity In A Dynamic Coastal System: Effects Of Mesoscale Eddies On Distribution, Growth, Survival, And Transport Of Larval Reef Fishes, Kathryn Shulzitski
Open Access Dissertations
Population connectivity (i.e., the exchange of individuals among geographically distinct subpopulations) is an issue of particular relevance in the marine environment, as the majority of benthic marine organisms have complex life cycles and dispersal events occurring in the early life stages are nearly impossible to track. As the magnitude and direction of larval dispersal are shaped ultimately by larval distributions, growth, mortality, and transport to adult habitat, this dissertation examined these processes for larval reef fishes in the Straits of Florida (SOF) to contribute to the understanding of patterns of population connectivity along a continental coastline. An analysis of spatially …
Evidence For A Hierarchy Within Breast Cancer Stem Cells: Relevance To Metastasis And Therapy, Diana J. Azzam
Evidence For A Hierarchy Within Breast Cancer Stem Cells: Relevance To Metastasis And Therapy, Diana J. Azzam
Open Access Dissertations
Accumulating evidence over the past decade has established the existence of a cancer stem cell (CSC) subpopulation within breast cancers that is responsible for tumor initiation, progression and drug resistance. However, few models have characterized phenotypically distinct subsets of cells within CSC populations that may underlie the heterogeneity of tumor responses to standard chemo and radiation therapies. Similarly, despite the widely accepted postulate that CSCs generate metastasis, few studies have demonstrated experimentally the existence of heterogeneity within the CSCs with regard to metastatic potential. The work in this thesis was undertaken to identify whether such discrete subsets exist among CSCs …
Subspace-Based Semantic Concept Detection And Retrieval For Multimedia Information Systems, Chao Chen
Subspace-Based Semantic Concept Detection And Retrieval For Multimedia Information Systems, Chao Chen
Open Access Dissertations
The prevalence of digital recording devices, the cheap cost of data storage as well as the convenience provided by the widely accessible Internet have created the demand to retrieve information according to users' requests from multimedia data sources. However, the multimedia information retrieval task has several challenges that need to be addressed, such as bridging the semantic gap, modeling from imbalanced data sets, and utilizing inter-concept relationships to enhance the retrieval performance of an individual concept. To respond to the challenge of bridging the semantic gap, subspace modeling methods are proposed to address this issue as a classification task. The …
Propagation And Scattering Of Optical Light Beams In Free Space, In Atmosphere, And In Biological Media, Serkan Sahin
Propagation And Scattering Of Optical Light Beams In Free Space, In Atmosphere, And In Biological Media, Serkan Sahin
Open Access Dissertations
With their first production implemented around 1960’s, lasers have afterwards proven to be excellent light sources in building the technology. Subsequently, it has been shown that the extraordinary properties of lasers are related to their coherence properties. Recent developments in optics make it possible to synthesize partially coherent light beams from fully coherent ones. In the last several decades it was seen that using partially coherent light sources may be advantageous, in the areas such as laser surface processing, fiber and free-space optical communications, and medical diagnostics. In this thesis, I study extensively the generation, the propagation in different media, …
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Induces Left Ventricular Hypertrophy, Ansel Philip Amaral
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Induces Left Ventricular Hypertrophy, Ansel Philip Amaral
Open Access Dissertations
Over one in ten adults manifests physiological evidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which significantly reduces life expectancy due to cardiovascular complications. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is at the center of this relationship and up to 90% of patients with CKD also manifest LVH. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 is a phosphorus-regulating hormone responsible for maintaining normal serum phosphate levels in early stages of CKD; furthermore, FGF23 levels rise during the course of the disease and correlate with the CKD stage. High plasma FGF23 levels are independently associated with elevated left ventricular mass, LVH and increased risk of mortality. These …
Recording And Analysis Of Transient Otoacoustic Emissions During Outer Ear Canal Pressure Compensation, Moises Perez
Recording And Analysis Of Transient Otoacoustic Emissions During Outer Ear Canal Pressure Compensation, Moises Perez
Open Access Dissertations
Otoacoustic Emissions (OAEs) are sounds generated by an active process in the auditory system’s cochlea. It has been widely accepted that the generation of OAEs is a precursor for healthy hearing. The measurement of evoked OAEs can be used to determine the general health of the cochlea and basilar membrane's response and sound transmission forward and backwards through the inner ear. OAEs are commonly used for newborn infant hearing screening where many middle ear pathologies are first detected. In most cases, secondary screening tests such as tympanometry are not conducted unless the patient has failed the OAE screening first. Increases …
The Effect Of Increased Mitochondrial Biogenesis And Activation Of Ppar Pathways In A Mouse Model Of Aging, Lloye M. Dillon
The Effect Of Increased Mitochondrial Biogenesis And Activation Of Ppar Pathways In A Mouse Model Of Aging, Lloye M. Dillon
Open Access Dissertations
Aging is the progressive decline in cellular, tissue and organ function. The mitochondrial theory of aging suggests that the accumulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of organ function and consequently a decrease in lifespan. This theory is appealing as there is a correlation between age-dependent alterations in mtDNA and an increased risk for developing cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders and myopathy. To further investigate the role of mtDNA mutations in aging, the mtDNA mutator mouse, a mouse model with a proof-reading deficient mtDNA polymerase γ (POLG) was created. These mice have a premature aging phenotype and …
Femoral Artery Regeneration In Ischemic Hind Limb By Aav9 Expressing Conditionally Silenced Vegf, Jeffrey P. Boden
Femoral Artery Regeneration In Ischemic Hind Limb By Aav9 Expressing Conditionally Silenced Vegf, Jeffrey P. Boden
Open Access Dissertations
PAD affects 7% of all people over 60 years of age, and 23% of all people over the age of 80. Over time, PAD progresses in severity, leading to critical limb ischemia (CLI), defined as an ankle-brachial index of 0.40 or less. Surgical bypass and other endovascular techniques are capable of providing temporary relief from symptoms of CLI in some subjects. However, recurrence of the disease is seen in over 30% of patients following surgical stent or graft intervention. As of yet there are no effective pharmacological agents available to treat CLI. Studies in this laboratory have defined a novel …
Controls Of Dissolved Organic Matter Distribution And Fate In The Ocean, Robert T. Letscher
Controls Of Dissolved Organic Matter Distribution And Fate In The Ocean, Robert T. Letscher
Open Access Dissertations
Marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) is quantitatively important for the biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nitrogen. It exerts its influence through the ocean’s biological pump, with the fate of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and carbon (DOC) impacting the ocean’s fertility and its capacity for storing carbon on climate-relevant timescales, respectively. This dissertation identifies and quantifies important mechanisms and timescales for DOM degradation in the marine environment by combining observations from ship-based studies, assessments of ocean circulation, and incubation experiments to interrogate the relevant processes. The fate of terrigenous DOC (tDOC), delivered to the ocean by rivers, was investigated during its …
Does Gratitude Promote Reciprocity In Response To All Benefits, Or Just Those Rendered By Novel Relationship Partners? Testing The Role Of Gratitude In The Establishment Of Reciprocal Relationships, Adam D. Cohen
Open Access Dissertations
This dissertation was designed to examine whether people feel more gratitude in response to benefits rendered by strangers and acquaintances than in response to benefits provided by established reciprocal relationship partners and genetic relatives, and whether the gratitude experienced in response to benefits provided by those novel non-kin benefactors is more likely to lead to motivation to reciprocate than is the gratitude elicited by benefits rendered by genetic relatives and established reciprocal altruism partners. It was hypothesized that gratitude would be more salient when benefits are rendered by strangers and acquaintances than by well-known individuals in already-established reciprocal relationships or …
Expanding The Healthy Schizotype Model: Profiles Of Schizotypy As Predictors Of Creativity, Religion And Mental Health, Naomi Tuchman
Expanding The Healthy Schizotype Model: Profiles Of Schizotypy As Predictors Of Creativity, Religion And Mental Health, Naomi Tuchman
Open Access Dissertations
Converging evidence suggests that schizotypal personality traits exist on a continuum (Rawlings, Williams, Haslam, & Claridge, 2008). In fact, although scant research has been conducted on this topic to date, some evidence suggests that there may be a subset of schizotypes (“healthy schizotypes”) who function well in spite of unusual experiences and proneness to the development of psychosis (McCreery & Claridge, 2002). In the present study, a latent profile analysis was conducted on a sample of 420 undergraduates, using data from the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (O-LIFE) scale. Six profiles emerged from the analysis. Confirming study expectations, with …
Rumination And Emotional Adjustment: The Role Of Social Networking Sites, Tanya B. Tran
Rumination And Emotional Adjustment: The Role Of Social Networking Sites, Tanya B. Tran
Open Access Dissertations
Recent research posits that it is not necessarily the immediate response to stressful life events that is associated with an increased risk for the onset and recurrence of emotional disorders, but the way in which people regulate the ensuing emotions. A tendency to respond to negative mood states with perseverative thinking, such as rumination, has been shown to increase the risk for emotional disorders. The use of social networking sites, such as Facebook, may provide new means of triggering and prolonging perseverative thinking, exacerbating negative mood and negatively affecting adjustment following a stressful life event. Results from a pilot study …
An Investigation Of The Nutritional Condition Of Low-Latitude Fish Larvae: Growth, Transport, And Implications For Population Connectivity, Martha J. Hauff
An Investigation Of The Nutritional Condition Of Low-Latitude Fish Larvae: Growth, Transport, And Implications For Population Connectivity, Martha J. Hauff
Open Access Dissertations
Coral reef fishes are typically characterized by a protracted pelagic larval dispersal period, which creates the potential for connectivity of geographically discrete populations. The degree to which connectivity occurs is affected not only by whether larvae are transported from one reef to another, but also by whether they reach a settlement site in adequate nutritional condition to survive the juvenile period and beyond. It is possible that larvae with different dispersal trajectories (i.e. those that are retained close to shore as compared to those that travel great distances) may differ in their condition levels, and thereby, the extent to which …
Morality And Contentious Politics In Latin America: Abortion And Lgbt Rights In Argentina And Mexico, Ana P. Morgenstern
Morality And Contentious Politics In Latin America: Abortion And Lgbt Rights In Argentina And Mexico, Ana P. Morgenstern
Open Access Dissertations
This study analyzes the factors that have facilitated or hindered liberalization of abortion and same-sex marriage in Argentina and Mexico. In particular, this project will examine the argument that differences in mobilization strategies, available resources, contrasts in framing and patterns of alliances in the political system have played fundamental roles in shaping divergent policy outcomes on these controversial social issues. Against the backdrop of democratization, changes in institutional configurations, and the rising acceptance of sexuality in the context of universal human rights, these policy issues are subject to the contingencies of contentious politics. The argument is twofold: First, international norm …
Investigation Of Inclusion Complexation Between Ferrocene Derivatives And Cucurbiturils, Wei Li
Investigation Of Inclusion Complexation Between Ferrocene Derivatives And Cucurbiturils, Wei Li
Open Access Dissertations
Cucurbiturils are synthetic macrocyclic molecules prepared by condensation reactions between glycouril and formaldehyde under acidic conditions. They feature a pumpkin-like shape with two identical carbonyl-rimed portals and a hydrophobic cavity.The number of glycouril units ranging from 5 to 8 and 10 leads to varying size of the cavity, and results in their different binding properties to numerous guest molecules. Among all the members of the cucurbituril family, cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) has drawn much attention in host-guest systems due to its high level aqueous solubility (20-30 mM) in neutral H [sub]2 O. Also, it exhibits a good ability to complex a variety …
Ampk And Akt Differentially Regulate The Upr In Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Therapeutic Implications., Jeffim N. Kuznetsov
Ampk And Akt Differentially Regulate The Upr In Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Therapeutic Implications., Jeffim N. Kuznetsov
Open Access Dissertations
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is the most common hematological malignancy and the main cause of cancer-related death in children. Current chemotherapy treatments based mainly on antifolate regimens have lead to high cure rates (≈80%), however event-free survival (EFS) for children and adults diagnosed with chemotherapy resistant phenotypes of ALL or after the relapse, continues to be dismal (EFS ∼10-20%). High-risk chemotherapy treatment based on intensification strategies and/or the use of stem cell transplantation have led to marginal improvements with limited impact on cure rates of resistant/refractory or relapsed ALL phenotypes. Our studies attempted to discover highly effective treatment strategies for …