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Combining And Mapping Qtl For Fusarium Head Blight (Fhb) Resistance In Wheat, Jin Sun
Combining And Mapping Qtl For Fusarium Head Blight (Fhb) Resistance In Wheat, Jin Sun
Open Access Dissertations
Fusarium head blight (FHB) has become one of the most damaging wheat diseases in humid and semi-humid regions around the world. Single gene resistance to FHB in wheat provides only partial resistance and also the disease severity is highly influenced by environment. Consequently multiple genes are required for effective resistance. Our hypothesis is that identifying DNA markers for type I resistance will be very beneficial for selection, and combining type I and type II FHB resistance will be more effective than either type alone. The objectives of this project are to 1) combine type I resistance from cultivars Goldfield, INW0412, …
Morphometric Characterization Of Individual Sympathetic Postganglionic Axons Innervating The Muscle Layers Of The Gastrointestinal Tract Of The Rat: A Complex Effector Model, Gary C. Walter
Open Access Dissertations
A full description of the terminal morphology of sympathetic postganglionic axons innervating the musculature of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract has not been available. Furthermore, common assumptions about the morphology and distribution of catecholaminergic terminal fields have been strongly shaped by the limitations of the techniques employed to distinguish the fibers and complicated by inconsistent findings generated with various methodologies. Thus, the present experiment used modern neural tracer techniques to provide high-resolution labeling of sympathetic fibers projecting to the smooth muscle wall of the GI tract. Fischer 344 rats (N = 50) received injections of dextran biotin into the left …
Structured Deterministic Models Applied To Malaria And Other Endemic Diseases, Katia Patricia Vogt Geisse
Structured Deterministic Models Applied To Malaria And Other Endemic Diseases, Katia Patricia Vogt Geisse
Open Access Dissertations
This thesis includes modeling studies on three structured deterministic models. These models are used to study the disease dynamics of malaria or the joint disease dynamics of HIV and HSV-2. Each of the models includes multiple components containing individuals in various epidemiological classes for the purpose of addressing questions that are of interests to biologists and epidemiologists. Some of the compartments have a continuous age-structure, which is necessary for studying the specific biological questions under investigation.^ In Chapter 2 a chronological-age structured deterministic model for malaria is presented. The model includes the human and mosquito populations with the human population …
Role Of Group Ii Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 2 (Mglur2) In Appetitive And Consummatory Aspects Of Ethanol Reinforcement, Kyle Allyson Windisch
Role Of Group Ii Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 2 (Mglur2) In Appetitive And Consummatory Aspects Of Ethanol Reinforcement, Kyle Allyson Windisch
Open Access Dissertations
Background: Group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR2/3) are predominately presynaptically located Gi/o coupled receptors that are highly expressed in the cortex, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and hippocampus. Previous studies suggest that group II mGluRs are involved in regulating ethanol (EtOH) consumption and seeking following extinction (Backstrom and Hyytia, 2005; Kufahl, et al., 2011). The sipper tube model, which allows for procedural separation of seeking and consumption, was used to further clarify the role of mGluR2/3 in EtOH-seeking and consumption. The non-selective group II mGluR agonist LY379268 (LY37) and selective mGluR2 positive allosteric modulator (PAM) BINA were used to determine the …
Image Analysis Using Visual Saliency With Applications In Hazmat Sign Detection And Recognition, Bin Zhao
Image Analysis Using Visual Saliency With Applications In Hazmat Sign Detection And Recognition, Bin Zhao
Open Access Dissertations
Visual saliency is the perceptual process that makes attractive objects "stand out" from their surroundings in the low-level human visual system. Visual saliency has been modeled as a preprocessing step of the human visual system for selecting the important visual information from a scene. We investigate bottom-up visual saliency using spectral analysis approaches. We present separate and composite model families that generalize existing frequency domain visual saliency models. We propose several frequency domain visual saliency models to generate saliency maps using new spectrum processing methods and an entropy-based saliency map selection approach. A group of saliency map candidates are then …
Host Cell Death In Legionella Pneumophila Pathogenesis And Immunity, Wenhan Zhu
Host Cell Death In Legionella Pneumophila Pathogenesis And Immunity, Wenhan Zhu
Open Access Dissertations
Legionella pneumophila is an intracellular pathogen that causes a severe, atypical pneumonia termed Legionnaires' disease. Upon entering the host cell, L. pneumophila resides in a membrane-bound vacuole, in which the bacterium evades lysosomal fusion and replicates. The establishment of the vacuole requires the Dot/Icm (Defect in organelle trafficking/ intracellular multiplication) transport system, which translocates a large number of substrates into host cells to re-orchestrate various cellular processes, such as intracellular trafficking, protein synthesis and host cell death pathways. Therefore, a key step in understanding the biology of Legionella is to dissect the mechanisms of action of the Dot/Icm substrates. By …
Nano-Engineered Polymers In Drug Delivery: Potential Approaches For Attenuation Of Secondary Injury After Spinal Cord Trauma, Wen Gao
Open Access Dissertations
Secondary injury elicits a complex series of pathophysiological events after the primary spinal cord trauma and even after its implantation treatment for neural functional recovery. These secondary injuries include an up-regulation of glial cells associated reactive oxygen species, nitrogen species, and reactive astrogliosis, and they can result in various levels of cellular and tissue damage. The inhibition of them has been proved to lead to functional recovery of the spinal cord. In this study, we concentrated on developing polymers and nano-techniques based drug delivery strategies to eliminate these secondary injuries. ^ To maintain and improve the performance of the implants …
A Qualitative Analysis Of The Impact Of The Reform Of The College Of Science Undergraduate Core Curriculum At State University, Dean Ballotti
A Qualitative Analysis Of The Impact Of The Reform Of The College Of Science Undergraduate Core Curriculum At State University, Dean Ballotti
Open Access Dissertations
The Dean of the College of Science at State University, a large public Midwestern research university, in a memo to the faculty and staff initiated what he called a "review" of the undergraduate science core curriculum. He formed a task force that was to investigate on three issues; a reassessment of the undergraduate core curriculum, the recruitment and retention of qualified undergraduate students with an emphasis on diversity, and strategies that would address these issues. The age of the curriculum, 40 years since the last significant change, was an important factor in the review of the curriculum. This qualitative study …
Transformation Of Biomass Carbohydrates By Transition Metal Catalysts, Christine M Bohn
Transformation Of Biomass Carbohydrates By Transition Metal Catalysts, Christine M Bohn
Open Access Dissertations
By selectively removing functional groups from biomass derived carbohydrates, valuable platform chemicals can be generated from renewable sources. Through dehydration chemistry glucose can be upgraded into 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-furfuraldehyde (HMF) and levulinic acid. Iron (III) chloride hexahydrate has shown moderate activity to transform glucose into HMF and has also shown high yields and selectivity for the production of levulinic acid. Typically synthesized from acidic solutions made with mineral acids, levulinic acid has now been produced in high yields with a metal salt. The difference between maximizing production for HMF or levulinic acid from the same catalyst relies on the control of the …
Supersonic Jet Spectroscopy Of Synthetic Foldamers, Multichromophores, And Their Water Containing Clusters, Evan Gardner Buchanan
Supersonic Jet Spectroscopy Of Synthetic Foldamers, Multichromophores, And Their Water Containing Clusters, Evan Gardner Buchanan
Open Access Dissertations
A central theme specific to this dissertation concerns the conformation-specific spectroscopy of flexible molecules in an effort to bridge the complexity gap. Generally, molecules in the complexity gap have several flexible coordinates yet conformational isomerization still occurs along a simple reaction coordinate on the potential energy surface. Molecules in this regime benefit greatly from experiments probing the potential energy surfaces and provide a means to develop and test new theories in an effort to explain more complex system. These measurements are possible through the utilization of a supersonic jet expansion to collisionally cool molecules into their vibrational zero-point levels, collapsing …
Aircraft-Based Measurements For The Identification And Quantification Of Sources And Sinks In The Carbon Cycle, Dana R Caulton
Aircraft-Based Measurements For The Identification And Quantification Of Sources And Sinks In The Carbon Cycle, Dana R Caulton
Open Access Dissertations
Improved quantification of carbon-cycle sources and sinks is an important requirement for determining mitigation strategies and modeling future climate interactions. Analytically robust measurements require high-precision instrumentation and thoughtful experimental design to produce rigorous and reproducible results despite complex and quickly changing meteorological and environmental conditions. Here, an aircraft platform equipped with a high-precision cavity ring-down spectrometer for CO2, CH4 and H2O quantification was used to acquire data from previously un-sampled sources. The aircraft mass-balance technique was used to quantify CH4 emissions from natural gas well pads in the drilling stage, which were 2-3 orders of …
Associated Behavioral, Genetic, And Gene Expression Variation With Alternative Life History Tactics In Salmonid Fishes, Ashley Chin-Baarstad
Associated Behavioral, Genetic, And Gene Expression Variation With Alternative Life History Tactics In Salmonid Fishes, Ashley Chin-Baarstad
Open Access Dissertations
Individual differences in behavior can have potential fitness consequences and often reflect underlying genetic variation. My research focuses on three objectives related to individual level variation: 1) evaluating the innate behavioral variation within and between individuals, families, and progeny of different life-history types across time; 2) testing for differences in gene expression within the brain associated with this behavioral variation; and 3) using genetic polymorphisms to test for associations with ecotype, as well as population structure, in polymorphic populations. First, we evaluated the variation in a suite of ecologically relevant behaviors across time in juvenile progeny produced from crosses within …
Irrigation With Treated Wastewater: Potential And Limitations, Anne Dare
Irrigation With Treated Wastewater: Potential And Limitations, Anne Dare
Open Access Dissertations
As the world population increases and resources become more coveted, water emerges as a key component to global food security. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is among the driest regions in the world: containing just one percent of the world's freshwater resources. An increasing population creates greater quantities of wastewater and demands greater quantities of food, so an obvious connection arises. However logical wastewater reuse may be for bridging the irrigation supply-demand gap in this arid region, significant limitations prevent widespread adoption. The overall goal of this research is to take a holistic view of the limitations facing …
Droplet Behavior On Superhydrophobic Surfaces: Interfaces, Interactions, And Transport, Susmita Dash
Droplet Behavior On Superhydrophobic Surfaces: Interfaces, Interactions, And Transport, Susmita Dash
Open Access Dissertations
The primary objective of the present work is to study droplet dynamics on smooth hydrophobic and textured superhydrophobic surfaces, and to understand the dependence of interfacial interaction mechanisms on surface morphology. ^ A detailed understanding of the dynamics of droplet response to an applied electric field is essential for implementation of electrowetting techniques in various devices. In the first part of the thesis, a systematic study of the transient response in terms of contact angle and contact radius of a sessile droplet on a smooth hydrophobic surface under electrical actuation is presented. A scaling analysis predicts the response time of …
Diagnosing Undergraduate Biology Students' Experimental Design Knowledge And Difficulties, Annwesa Dasgupta
Diagnosing Undergraduate Biology Students' Experimental Design Knowledge And Difficulties, Annwesa Dasgupta
Open Access Dissertations
Experimental design is an important component of undergraduate biology education as it generates knowledge of biology. This dissertation addresses the challenge undergraduate educators face for assessing knowledge of experimental design in biology by examining knowledge of, and difficulties with, experimental design in the context of first-year undergraduate biology students at Purdue. The first chapter reviews several recent reports that highlight the necessity to increase understanding of the experimental research process as a core scientific ability (for e.g., AAAS, 2011; AAMC-HHMI, 2009; NRC, 2007). Despite its importance, there is limited information about what students actually learn from designing experiments. In the …
Molecular Mechanisms Of Heart Valve And Skeletal Muscle Development And Disease, Margaret E. Benny Klimek
Molecular Mechanisms Of Heart Valve And Skeletal Muscle Development And Disease, Margaret E. Benny Klimek
Open Access Dissertations
Heart valves function to provide unidirectional blood flow during each cardiac cycle. The development of the heart valves from embryonic stages is a highly regulated process involving many signaling pathways in order to provide the proper extracellular matrix components in the trilaminar structure. When these processes are dysregulated, disease can persist in the valves. Here we examined additional levels of regulation in the heart valves at the level of miRNAs and phosphate homeostasis. There are many studies examining miRNA regulation in the heart, however, there is little knowledge about which miRNAs are expressed in the heart valves during development, maturation, …
Targeting 4-1bb Costimulation To The Tumor Stroma With Bispecific Aptamer Conjugates Enhances The Therapeutic Index Of Tumor Immunotherapy, Brett Schrand
Open Access Dissertations
Despite the recent successes of using immune modulatory antibodies in cancer patients, autoimmune pathologies resulting from the activation of self reactive T cells preclude the dose escalations necessary to fully exploit their therapeutic potential. Here we describe a clinically feasible and broadly applicable approach to limit immune costimulation to the disseminated tumor lesions of the patient, whereby an agonistic 4-1BB oligonucleotide aptamer is targeted to the tumor stroma by conjugation to an aptamer that binds to a broadly expressed stromal product, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The approach was predicated on the premise that by targeting the costimulatory ligands to …
Physiological Role And Substrates Of Rnase D And Rnase Bn In Escherichia Coli, Christie H. Taylor
Physiological Role And Substrates Of Rnase D And Rnase Bn In Escherichia Coli, Christie H. Taylor
Open Access Dissertations
There are many ribonucleases in Escherichia coli and, presumably, each one has an important role in RNA metabolism. After an individual RNA has been fully transcribed, the fate of that RNA is determined by its sequence, structure, and the availability of RNases which may be determined by conditions inside and outside of the cell. During periods of exponential growth, the majority of RNA degradation is carried out by RNase II, RNase R and polynucleotide phosphorylase, and the short RNA fragments generated by the degradation process are reduced to individual nucleotides by oligoribonuclease. Maturation of RNAs is performed primarily by RNase …
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying The Acquisition, Extinction And Reinstatement Of Cocaine-Associated Memory: Relevance To Addiction Processes, Shervin Albert Liddie
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying The Acquisition, Extinction And Reinstatement Of Cocaine-Associated Memory: Relevance To Addiction Processes, Shervin Albert Liddie
Open Access Dissertations
An important target for combating drug addiction is to understand the neurobiological mechanisms that sub-serve relapse to drug use. Drug addiction is thought to usurp the neural mechanisms of learning and memory. The conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm which employs the principles of Pavlovian learning is often used to investigate the incentive value of drugs of abuse and the formation of drug-associated memory. One caveat to conditioned reward studies is the use of a fixed daily dose of the addictive drug during training. However, the transition from drug use to addiction in human addicts involves an escalation in drug intake. …
Function Of The Insect Olfactory Receptor Co-Receptor Subunit And Its Interactions With Odorant-Binding Subunits, Sisi Chen
Open Access Dissertations
Human health is threatened by insect borne diseases, such as dengue fever, malaria, yellow fever and epidemic typhus. Insects can also cause significant destruction of crops and food stores. Insects depend on olfaction to perceive their surroundings and guide activities; including feeding, mating and oviposition. Understanding the molecular structure and biological activities of insect odorant receptors (ORs) is paramount to developing novel and highly effective insect repellants. Each insect olfactory receptor is composed of two functionally essential parts: a highly conserved co-receptor subunit (Orco) and one of a large number of variable odorant-binding (or “tuning”) subunits. These subunits associate in …
Genetically Designed Bacterial Biosystems For Environmental And Biomedical Applications, Leslie D. Knecht
Genetically Designed Bacterial Biosystems For Environmental And Biomedical Applications, Leslie D. Knecht
Open Access Dissertations
Nature has endowed us with eloquently designed biosystems which can be applied to a number of analytical applications. Advances in biotechnology have allowed for bacteria and the proteins found therein to be exploited throughout the years for the development of designer analytical systems. Herein, we have exploited genetically designed bacterial whole-cell systems and proteins for biomedical and environmental applications. First, we have demonstrated the use of a whole-cell sensing system based on the quorum sensing regulatory protein LasR as a tool to elucidate interkingdom communication and better understand host-microbiome interactions. Specifically, the role of serotonin as a bacterial signaling molecule …
Directing The Development Of Posterior Neural Fates: The Role Of Fgf, Cdx, And Hox Genes, Albert G. Hayward Ii
Directing The Development Of Posterior Neural Fates: The Role Of Fgf, Cdx, And Hox Genes, Albert G. Hayward Ii
Open Access Dissertations
Understanding how the anatomical complexity of the nervous system arises is key to understanding the function of the nervous system. Neural development is a complex process consisting of multiple discrete steps regulated and coordinated by signaling events. Surprisingly, a rather small number of signals are implicated in regulating these vastly different neural developmental processes. A striking example is the case of the signaling molecule Fibroblast Growth Factor, or FGF, which regulates the induction of neural tissues from prospective ectoderm cells, regionalizes the neural tissue into forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord, and provides discrete anterior-posterior (A-P) identity to hindbrain and …
Characterization Of Ptls-Like Phenotypes In A Conditional Rai1 Transgenic Mouse Model And Study Of Rai1 Molecular Function, Lei Cao
Open Access Dissertations
Structural variants are abundant in the genomes of phenotypically normal populations. However, some rare structural variants are found to be disease causing. Potocki–Lupski syndrome (PTLS) is a genomic disorder associated with an 3 Mb duplication in 17p11.2. Clinical features include leanness, intellectual disability, autistic features and developmental deficits. RAI1 gene dosage is associated with the PTLS phenotypes. To understand where and when Rai1 overexpression is detrimental, we generated a mouse that over-expresses Rai1 conditionally in forebrain neurons (I-Rai1). Phenotypic characterization of I-Rai1 mice showed leanness, hyperactivity, and impaired learning and memory ability compared with wild-type littermates. Rai1 overexpression is controlled …
Typhoon Generated Surface Gravity Waves Measured By Nomad-Type Buoys, Clarence O. Collins Iii
Typhoon Generated Surface Gravity Waves Measured By Nomad-Type Buoys, Clarence O. Collins Iii
Open Access Dissertations
This study examines wind-generated ocean surface waves as measured by NOMAD-type buoys during the ONR-sponsored Impact of Typhoons on the Ocean in the Pacific (ITOP) field experiment in 2010. 1-D measurements from two new Extreme Air-Sea Interaction (EASI) NOMAD-type buoys were validated against measurements from established Air-Sea Interaction Spar (ASIS) buoys. Also, during ITOP, 3 drifting Miniature Wave Buoys, a wave measuring marine radar on the R/V Roger Revelle, and several overpasses of JASON-1 (C- and Ku-band) and -2 (Ku-band) satellite altimeters were within 100 km of either EASI buoy. These additional measurements were compared against both EASI buoys. Findings …
Characterization Of Role Of Conserved Oligmeric Golgi (Cog) Complex In Early Hiv Events, Sicen Liu
Characterization Of Role Of Conserved Oligmeric Golgi (Cog) Complex In Early Hiv Events, Sicen Liu
Open Access Dissertations
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a highly lethal lentivirus which is responsible for a tremendous amount of suffering and death in the United States and throughout the world. By attacking the host’s immune system, HIV leaves the infected individual susceptible to a wide variety of opportunistic infections. HIV, like all viruses, relies on host cell factors for successful infection, replication and release of progeny virus. Previously, a large-scale functional genomic screen identified over 230 novel factors whose silencing inhibited viral replication in cultured cells. A more detailed examination of these HIV-dependency factors (HDFs) showed a significant enrichment for factors involved …
Development Of “Turn-On” Fluorescent Nuclobase Mimics As Kiinase Inhibitors, Jyothi Dhuguru
Development Of “Turn-On” Fluorescent Nuclobase Mimics As Kiinase Inhibitors, Jyothi Dhuguru
Open Access Dissertations
Fluorescent probes are indispensable tools for biologists owing to the safe and non-invasive method of detection they offer with minimum perturbation of the cell under investigation. Despite all the advantages they offer, there are certain limitations for the use of fluorescent probes for live cell imaging such as phototoxicity to the cell, photobleaching or photoinstability, etc. Additionally, they require labeling with specific recognition units such as biomolecules like DNA, RNA or an antibody to render them specific to the target cell. In this context, “turn-on” fluorescent probes are advantageous, as they remain silent or inactive and become emissive only under …
The Effects Of Atp And Adenosine On The Extracellular Matrix Biosynthesis Via Purinergic Pathways, Silvia Daniela Gonzales
The Effects Of Atp And Adenosine On The Extracellular Matrix Biosynthesis Via Purinergic Pathways, Silvia Daniela Gonzales
Open Access Dissertations
Low back pain causes distress and suffering to patients. The impact of low back pain creates a major socio-economic burden in industrialized societies as well. As the leading cause of disability, low back pain affects more than 80% of the US population at some point in life. Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration has been closely associated with low back pain, stimulating interest in finding the causes that lead to IVD degeneration. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of IVD composition may shed light to development of novel therapies for IVD degeneration and low back pain. IVD cells are responsible …
Identification Of Genetic Determinants Of Aging Traits, James Edwin Hicks Jr
Identification Of Genetic Determinants Of Aging Traits, James Edwin Hicks Jr
Open Access Dissertations
As the population in developed countries ages, the health problems associated with aging will become an increasingly important public health concern. While aging is a complex process that takes place over multiple physiological systems, many aspects of aging are under some amount of genetic control. Identification of the loci underpinning these traits could allow for targeting interventions for the most at-risk individuals in old age, improving both lifespan and quality of life. The Amish represent a uniquely appropriate population for the genetic analysis of aging traits. They live a homogenous lifestyle, with high levels of physical activity throughout their lives. …
Gene-Environment Interaction In Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Exogenous Estrogen, Cigarette Smoking, And Vegf Pathway Polymorphisms, Monique Dorcel Courtenay
Gene-Environment Interaction In Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Exogenous Estrogen, Cigarette Smoking, And Vegf Pathway Polymorphisms, Monique Dorcel Courtenay
Open Access Dissertations
AMD is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss in developed countries. Its multifactorial etiology includes both genetic and environmental risk factors. As much as 65% of the genetic contribution to AMD risk may be explained by known genes. The remaining genetic factors may be genes or pathways containing multiple variants with small effect, or variants that interact with the environment to modulate disease. However, gene-environment interactions have been relatively understudied in AMD, and there were no methods for gene or pathway analysis that incorporated environmental effects. Therefore, the overall goal of this project was to address this gap in …
Optical Beam Propagation In Oceanic Turbulence, Nathan Farwell
Optical Beam Propagation In Oceanic Turbulence, Nathan Farwell
Open Access Dissertations
Optical beam propagation through oceanic waters is explored using a recently proposed model for the refractive index fluctuations in oceanic turbulence. The model provides an accurate depiction of the ocean through the inclusion of both temperature and salinity fluctuations to the index of refraction. Beam characteristics of fundamental importance to communication links, remote sensing, and laser radar links are explored including intensity, degree of coherence, and scintillation. Theoretical values of these parameters are found through the use of classical Rytov theory and compared to those found using a numerical optics random phase screen simulation. The impact of the oceanic turbulence …