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Non-Invasive Analyses Of Electrophysiological Properties Of Primary Cell Culture, Ahmad Mohammad N Alassaf
Non-Invasive Analyses Of Electrophysiological Properties Of Primary Cell Culture, Ahmad Mohammad N Alassaf
Open Access Dissertations
The model of efficacy and toxicity testing has been largely based on a model of high quantities of low quality data gathered in vitro. Recent advances in nanotechnology offer an alternative strategy. Soft lithography has made microscale tissue engineering possible. It is now feasible to create the cellular microenvironments of healthy and diseased tissues and engineer biological systems with high fidelity. Further, development of multielectrode array (MEA) platforms by precise location of metal electrodes on glass substrates has proven to be a robust innovative tool to use with cells that generate electrical activity. In this study, we first fabricated …
Pancreatic Islets Communicate With The Brain Via Vagal Sensory Neurons, Madina Makhmutova
Pancreatic Islets Communicate With The Brain Via Vagal Sensory Neurons, Madina Makhmutova
Open Access Dissertations
Sensory denervation affects pancreatic islet function, glucose metabolism and diabetes onset, but how islet endocrine cells interact with sensory neurons has not been studied. In this thesis work we attempted to anatomically and physiologically characterize vagal islet-brain pathway in search of the sensory modality that islet is transmitting to the brain. Here we show that the pancreatic islets are innervated by vagal sensory axons expressing substance P, calcitonin-gene related peptide, and serotonin receptor 5HT3R. Vagal neurons projecting to the pancreas terminate in the commissural nucleus of the solitary tract. These neurons respond to chemical but not mechanical stimulation of the …
The Fake News Phenomenon: Impact Of Heuristic Cues On Perceived Credibility And Sharing On Social Media, Khudejah Iqbal Ali
The Fake News Phenomenon: Impact Of Heuristic Cues On Perceived Credibility And Sharing On Social Media, Khudejah Iqbal Ali
Open Access Dissertations
The growing global health threat of vaccine hesitancy is believed to be fueled by anti-vaccine movements around the world. Overall, the strong presence of anti-vaccination groups on the Internet, particularly social media, are important for bringing attention and attracting people to the cause. Such platforms are an ideal medium for the dissemination of anti-vaccination ideas, which often entail the spread of false or “fake” news and information questioning vaccine efficacy and safety. As this epidemic of online fake news is causing major disruptions in vaccine programs around the world, the current study employed the Heuristic Systematic model (HSM) to elucidate …
The Halls River Bridge Case Study: Constructability, Economical, And Sustainability Aspects For An Frp Reinforced Concrete Bridge, Thomas Cadenazzi
The Halls River Bridge Case Study: Constructability, Economical, And Sustainability Aspects For An Frp Reinforced Concrete Bridge, Thomas Cadenazzi
Open Access Dissertations
Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) bars and Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) strands represent innovative and alternative technologies for the construction of resilient, durable and low-maintenance concrete structures. To support and promote the deployment of FRP bars in infrastructure applications, it is fundamental to address the technology’s feasibility in field projects and their implications in the industry. The purpose of this dissertation is to provide a better understanding of the constructability, adaptability as well as the management, economic and environmental aspects of FRP-Reinforced Concrete (RC)/Prestressed Concrete (PC) structures through a bridge case study, namely Halls River Bridge (HRB). This dissertation is a …
Externalizing Problems And Hispanic/Latinx Adolescents: A Bioecological Approach, Evan Thomas Stanforth
Externalizing Problems And Hispanic/Latinx Adolescents: A Bioecological Approach, Evan Thomas Stanforth
Open Access Dissertations
Externalizing problems often develop during adolescence and cause harm to the individuals with these problems and to others in society. Hispanic/Latinx adolescents develop externalizing problems at relatively higher rates and in ways that involve systemic influences. The present study aimed to enhance clarity in this area by examining externalizing problems as a dimension of psychopathology and applying constructs of Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological theory (2005). This was attempted by examining: a) externalizing problems as a continuous spectrum, b1) relations the problems have with proximal processes of adolescent-caregiver relations, b2) and exploring differences across contexts specified as three immigration-based groups (1st generation immigrant, …
“Bolivarian Authoritarianism”: Regime Change In Venezuela Under Hugo Chávez, Gonzalo E. Vazquez
“Bolivarian Authoritarianism”: Regime Change In Venezuela Under Hugo Chávez, Gonzalo E. Vazquez
Open Access Dissertations
In 1992, Hugo Chávez led an unsuccessful coup against the Venezuelan government and gained popularity by vowing to radicalize its democracy, eradicate political corruption and bring forth social equity. Chávez won over half of the votes in the 1998 national election. Once in office, he implemented systematic changes to the country’s political machinery that undermined important pillars of democracy and strengthened the absolute power of his presidency. Many controversies surround the Chávez regime and critics argue that it represented a new form of authoritarianism that combined elements of populism, nationalism, and political hierarchy. The objective of this dissertation was to …
Role Of The Conserved Ndr/Lats Kinase Orb6 In Controlling Cell Growth And Stress Adaptation, Chuan Chen
Role Of The Conserved Ndr/Lats Kinase Orb6 In Controlling Cell Growth And Stress Adaptation, Chuan Chen
Open Access Dissertations
Adaptation to the nutritional environment is critical for all cells. RAS GTPase is a highly conserved GTP binding protein with crucial functions for cell growth and differentiation in response to environmental conditions. Inappropriate activation of human RAS GTPase has a causal role in cancer, congenital malformations, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Our lab previously found that the conserved NDR kinase Orb6 regulates the mRNA and protein levels of Ras1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Efc25, by controlling the coalescence of the mRNA-binding protein Sts5 into ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules. However, it is still unclear whether the Orb6-Sts5 axis regulates RAS GTPase activity in …
Investigating The Mechanisms Of Hydrolysis And Amyloidosis Through Computational Approaches, Gaurav Sharma
Investigating The Mechanisms Of Hydrolysis And Amyloidosis Through Computational Approaches, Gaurav Sharma
Open Access Dissertations
Hydrolysis reaction is involved in a wide range of biological and industrial applications. In our body, phosphoester and peptide hydrolysis are accomplished using specialized enzymes known as phosphoesterases and proteases. These enzymes constitute about 60% of all the enzymes that are used today in textile, food, leather, paper, and ethanol production industries.In this thesis, I have focused on the following three projects; (1) exploring the interactions of various biomolecules (such as enzymes, antimicrobial peptides, DNA, and amyloid β fibrils) with their binding molecules; (2) understanding the mechanism of phosphoester and peptide hydrolysis by glycerophosphodiesterase (GpdQ) and Streptomyces griseus aminopeptidase (SgAP), …
Geodetic Imaging Of Volcanic Deformation With Time Series Radar Interferometry, Zhang Yunjun
Geodetic Imaging Of Volcanic Deformation With Time Series Radar Interferometry, Zhang Yunjun
Open Access Dissertations
Volcanic hazards threaten millions of people in their vicinity worldwide. To mitigate the volcanic risk, we need to know which volcanoes are actively deforming and how much have they deformed. Ideally, ascending magma leads to surface uplift through elastic response, which can be precisely measured using the technique of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) and inferred through geophysical inverse model, such as the point pressure source. In practice, the (de)pressurization process could have complex geometry in space and change nonlinearly in time, posing challenging for the deformation mapping and risk assessment afterwards. Here, I first develop algorithms to correct for …
Frp Reinforcement For Prestressed Concrete Applications, Marco Rossini
Frp Reinforcement For Prestressed Concrete Applications, Marco Rossini
Open Access Dissertations
Corrosion of steel reinforcement is the primary cause of durability problems in aged Prestressed and Reinforced Concrete (PC and RC) structures. Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) reinforcement is a reliable non-metallic solution, able to ensure the required mechanical performance and ensure long-term durability. This dissertation includes three self-contained but closely related studies that tackle three fundamental components of applied research: field deployment and critical assessment of existing technologies; development and investigation of innovative solutions; and, generation of new knowledge. The first study addresses the opportunities and challenges related to Carbon FRP (CFRP) prestressing while developing the design, construction, and load testing of …
Social Determinants Of Hiv Treatment Engagement Among Postpartum Black Women Living With Hiv (Wlwh), Emmanuela Nneamaka Ojukwu
Social Determinants Of Hiv Treatment Engagement Among Postpartum Black Women Living With Hiv (Wlwh), Emmanuela Nneamaka Ojukwu
Open Access Dissertations
Engagement in postpartum Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment is critical to decreasing maternal morbidity and mortality, and poor infant health outcomes. HIV-related maternal morbidity is one of the leading causes of death among women of reproductive age, with as many as 8,500 HIV-infected women giving birth annually in the US. The risk of HIV-related maternal morbidity is greater for Black women who are disproportionately affected by the disease with an infection rate of 59% compared to 20% for Whites, and 21% for other minorities. Black women also have the highest rates of unintended pregnancies, HIV-related mortality, and being lost to …
Isoform-Specific Protection Of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Adenylyltransferase In The Pathogenesis Of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Yi Zhu
Open Access Dissertations
Age-related neurodegenerative diseases affect millions of people worldwide. The increasing number of these disabling and currently incurable neurodegenerative diseases have devastating impacts on the affected individuals and families. However, current mechanistic understanding of the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders remains limited, and neuroprotective strategies combating neurodegeneration are lacking. My lab has previously identified a potent neuronal maintenance factor nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (NMNAT), an evolutionarily conserved nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) synthase and neuroprotective factor that protects against proteinopathies through regulating protein homeostasis. In Drosophila, the Nmnat gene can be alternatively spliced into two mRNA variants, RA and RB, which …
Characterization And Optogenetic Manipulation Of The Affective Itch Circuit In Mouse Models Of Itch, Kristen Marie Sanders
Characterization And Optogenetic Manipulation Of The Affective Itch Circuit In Mouse Models Of Itch, Kristen Marie Sanders
Open Access Dissertations
Itch consists of both sensory and affective components. For chronic itch patients, the affective component of itch affects both quality of life (leading to psychological comorbidities) and disease prognosis (by promoting scratching of itchy skin). We found that acute and chronic itch stimuli induced anxiety-like behavior and increased activity (c-Fos expression) in the amygdala in adult male C57BL/6 mice. Itch stimuli also increased activity in projection areas to the amygdala, suggesting that these regions form a circuit for affective itch processing. Selective optogenetic activation of histamine-responsive amygdala neurons in adult male and female Fos:CreERT2;R26Ai14 mice using the …
African American Women's Experiences Of Race-Based Traumatic Stress, Amina Y. Simmons
African American Women's Experiences Of Race-Based Traumatic Stress, Amina Y. Simmons
Open Access Dissertations
Assessments of racism are linked to increased risk of anxiety (Soto, Dawson- Andoh, & BeLue, 2011), depression (Lee & Turney, 2012), and increased symptoms of PTSD (Polanco-Roman, Danies, & Anglin, 2016), leading scholars to infer racism may be a type of traumatic stress (Carter, 2007; Helms, Nicolas, & Green, 2010). African American men and women report similar frequency and levels of racism-related stress (Jackson, Shestov, & Saadatmand, 2017; Kwate & Goodman, 2015) however, the impacts appear significant for Black women (Chyu and Upchurch, 2011; Jackson, Shestov, & Saadatmand, 2017). This exploratory study sought greater understanding of Black women’s experiences with …
Integrated Microgrid Design And Operation Optimization Using Dynamic-Data-Driven Approaches, Haluk Damgacioglu
Integrated Microgrid Design And Operation Optimization Using Dynamic-Data-Driven Approaches, Haluk Damgacioglu
Open Access Dissertations
Our traditional electricity system is experiencing a drastic change as microgrids are fast spreading due to their inherent advantages of energy resilience, prosperity, and sustainability for the communities. The microgrid concept can be defined as the integration of distributed energy sources, energy storage systems and controllable loads into localized energy systems. However, non-linearities in the operation of microgrids, variations in load demand, and uncertainties in power generation from renewable energy sources pose significant challenges to determine the optimal microgrid operation planning. Here, timely planning, analysis, and control of all the components in a microgrid play a crucial role to achieve …
A Pilot Randomized Trial Of A Medication Possession Intervention To Improve Medication Adherence And Health Outcomes Of Patients With Heart Failure After Hospital Discharge, Lila De Tantillo
Open Access Dissertations
Heart failure is a chronic disease that increases mortality, reduces quality of life, and increases health care system costs. About 6.5 million people in the United States and 26 million worldwide have heart failure. Patients with heart failure often take multiple prescription medications. Medication adherence is crucial to improving health outcomes, but patients face multiple barriers to medication adherence. The World Health Organization (2003) describes these barriers as patient factors, therapy-related factors, condition-related factors, social/economic factors, and health care/system factors, and recommends medication adherence interventions address multiple barriers simultaneously. To date, there are no studies of medication possession interventions for …
The Moderating Role Of Race/Ethnicity And Cultural Factors On The Relationship Between Internalized Stigma, Discrimination And Help-Seeking Attitudes, Ana Martinez De Andino
The Moderating Role Of Race/Ethnicity And Cultural Factors On The Relationship Between Internalized Stigma, Discrimination And Help-Seeking Attitudes, Ana Martinez De Andino
Open Access Dissertations
Research indicates grave underutilization of mental health services among racial/ethnic minorities (REM) as compared to their Caucasian counterparts (SAMHSA, 2012; U.S Department of Health and Human Services, 2001). The current study is aimed at examining reasons that might explain why REMs are less likely to seek mental health services when in need. Some research indicates that internalized mental health stigma and greater experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination may decrease the likelihood that REMs seek professional psychological help. However, little attention has been paid to the study of help-seeking in multicultural individuals, or those who, from birth, belong to more than one …
Computational Methods To Quantify Human Lens Shape And Optical Properties Using Laser Ray Tracing And Optical Coherence Tomography, Siobhan Adeana Williams
Computational Methods To Quantify Human Lens Shape And Optical Properties Using Laser Ray Tracing And Optical Coherence Tomography, Siobhan Adeana Williams
Open Access Dissertations
Vision is worsening on a global scale. Myopia, a visual condition where distant objects appear blurry, is increasing in prevalence at an alarming rate. This condition typically starts during childhood and progressively worsens, potentially leading to more severe visual conditions if left unchecked. Currently, the best treatment method to slow myopic progression is heavily debated as the etiology of myopia is not fully understood. The development of effective long-term solutions require a better understanding of how vision changes with age. The cornea and lens, the length of the human eye, and the surrounding ocular media dictate visual quality. Extensive studies …
Expanding Perceptions Of Identity In The U.S.: The Chinese Jamaican Immigrant Experience, Kimberly S. Ho Misiaszek
Expanding Perceptions Of Identity In The U.S.: The Chinese Jamaican Immigrant Experience, Kimberly S. Ho Misiaszek
Open Access Dissertations
This qualitative study aimed to understand the experience of Chinese Jamaican immigrants in the U.S. and how they construct their identity. Participants were 15 immigrants who self-identified as Chinese Jamaican or other variations of the term (e.g. Jamaican Chinese, Jamaican with Chinese heritage) who participated in qualitative interviews with this researcher. A grounded theory approach was used to conduct an inductive analysis of the interview data. Results revealed five themes: (1) Flourishing, but pushed and pulled to leave for various reasons, (2) Feeling safer and better off, but missing home, (3) Key community values influence us and our views on …
Chronic Condition Patterns In The Us Population And Their Associations With Health Outcomes, Dandan Diane Zheng
Chronic Condition Patterns In The Us Population And Their Associations With Health Outcomes, Dandan Diane Zheng
Open Access Dissertations
Advances in modern medicine have substantially increased life expectancy and improved the outcomes of previously fatal diseases. As a result, more and more people are living into old age and developing chronic conditions. Persons with multiple chronic conditions are more likely to be hospitalized, have poor daily functioning, and elevated risk of death. A disproportionate share of health expenditures is incurred by individuals with multiple chronic conditions. Visual impairment (VI) is among the most disabling conditions. VI and visual disorders often co-occur with other disabling chronic conditions. The health effects of living with multiple chronic conditions in the presence of …
Additive Manufacturing Of Thermoelectric Materials And Improvement Of Thermoelectric Performance Through Nanoengineering, Yahya Cagri Oztan
Additive Manufacturing Of Thermoelectric Materials And Improvement Of Thermoelectric Performance Through Nanoengineering, Yahya Cagri Oztan
Open Access Dissertations
Thermoelectric systems are energy conversion systems that are able to convert heat to voltage or vice versa, depending on the application. Albeit they lack sufficient efficiency for high scale applications, their silent, environmentally friendly, renewable nature along with no need of maintenance make them promising alternatives to mitigate lost heat. The parameters that need to be taken into consideration when assessing the thermoelectric efficiency are electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and Seebeck coefficient. Since each variable is coupled to be dependent to another, enhancement of efficiency entails rigorous work that involves nanoengineering. Another drawback of thermoelectric materials is difficulty of fabrication, …
A Case Study: Programs For Black Males At Predominantly White Institutions, Liana C. Mentor
A Case Study: Programs For Black Males At Predominantly White Institutions, Liana C. Mentor
Open Access Dissertations
Despite prevailing evidence of black males under performing in comparison to their peers, there are programs that illuminate potential pathways PWIs have utilized to support success of Black males on college campuses. A multiple-case study approach was utilized to describe and examine three existing programs for Black males at PWIs that are designed to support their undergraduate academic and social experiences. This study describes how best practices and curricula of programs for black males at PWIs play an instrumental role in developing interpersonal relationships which may benefit the academic achievement and overall well-being of black males in addition to enhancing …
Stakeholder Interaction In Ecosystem-Based Management: An Analysis Of Water Governance Groups In The South Florida Water Management District Region, Jillian R. Drabik
Stakeholder Interaction In Ecosystem-Based Management: An Analysis Of Water Governance Groups In The South Florida Water Management District Region, Jillian R. Drabik
Open Access Dissertations
Ecosystem-based management (EBM) is an adaptive and holistic management approach that intends to improve management outcomes through greater stakeholder collaboration and consideration of economic and social factors. However, EBM research suffers from a gap between theory and implementation and lacks case studies demonstrating thorough EBM implementation. This dissertation research addresses this gap by providing a comprehensive interdisciplinary examination of water managers, scientific researchers, and other stakeholder groups’ interaction in the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) region. Using the Interaction Triangle Tool, this research assesses SFWMD’s EBM effort, the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP), through regional water management decisions. Chapter …
Provider Autonomy Support Across Adolescence: Impacts On Health Outcomes Among Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes, Christina J. Nicolais
Provider Autonomy Support Across Adolescence: Impacts On Health Outcomes Among Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes, Christina J. Nicolais
Open Access Dissertations
More than 200,000 youth in the United States have type 1 diabetes (T1D; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017), with approximately 17,900 newly diagnosed cases between 2011 and 2012. Treatments are complex, including multiple daily insulin injections or insulin pump use, monitoring of blood glucose levels and carbohydrate intake, and exercise (Wysocki, Buckloh, & Pierce, 2017). Only 21% of adolescents in the United States meet American Diabetes Association recommended goals for glycemic control (Wood et al., 2013). Multiple factors influence adherence in adolescence and subsequent health outcomes, including normative developmental tasks, parental involvement, and transition readiness. Research suggests that …
Examining The Role Of Varying Levels Of Classroom Quality For Toddlers In Early Head Start And Subsidized Child Care Programs: Understanding Threshold Effects, Krystal Bichay Awadalla
Examining The Role Of Varying Levels Of Classroom Quality For Toddlers In Early Head Start And Subsidized Child Care Programs: Understanding Threshold Effects, Krystal Bichay Awadalla
Open Access Dissertations
The Toddler Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS-T) is one of the most commonly used measures to assess the quality of teacher-child interactions in toddler classrooms. Cut-points on the CLASS-T scores are being used to determine Quality Rating and Improvement Systems (QRIS) ratings of programs as high or low quality, and therefore have policy implications for program funding and for parent consumers. Despite widespread use of the CLASS-T for these purposes, few studies have examined the construct validity of the CLASS-T for use in Early Head Start (EHS) and subsidized child care programs serving low-income, ethnically and linguistically diverse children and …
Health Disparities Among Sickle Cell Disease Patients: A Grounded Theory Model, Raha Forooz Sabet
Health Disparities Among Sickle Cell Disease Patients: A Grounded Theory Model, Raha Forooz Sabet
Open Access Dissertations
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most commonly diagnosed genetic blood disorder in the United States. Although SCD can occur in other ethnic groups, in the U.S. it primarily affects individuals who are Black, and, as such, has come to be conceptualized as a “racialized” disease. This inherited disease causes chronic and acute pain episodes, resulting in frequent hospitalizations. Alarmingly, SCD patients are at disproportionate risk for early mortality during the transition period between pediatric and adult care. Hypotheses exist to explain this occurrence, but the contextual and individual-level factors underlying it are not well understood. Therefore, in this grounded …
C0-(In)Extendibility Of Spacetimes, Eric Ling
C0-(In)Extendibility Of Spacetimes, Eric Ling
Open Access Dissertations
Ever since the realization, from the Hawking-Penrose singularity theorems, that singularities in spacetime can develop under generic circumstances, the question has been considered as to what extent general relativity is a classically deterministic theory. The essence of Penrose's strong cosmic censorship conjecture [23] is that, indeed, general relativity is deterministic. Put in rough physical terms, under reasonable physical conditions, spacetime should not develop naked singularities, that is to say, no singularity (due e.g. to curvature blow-up) should ever be visible to any observer. Such singularities would undermine the predictive ability of general relativity. More modern statements of the strong cosmic …
Development Of The Electrohydromodulation Process For Simultaneous Recovery Of Nitrogen And Phosphorus From Municipal Wastewater, Mahamalage Kusumitha Perera
Development Of The Electrohydromodulation Process For Simultaneous Recovery Of Nitrogen And Phosphorus From Municipal Wastewater, Mahamalage Kusumitha Perera
Open Access Dissertations
The demand for phosphorous (P) fertilizer is projected to increase by 100% by the end of the century, and the use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is increasing exponentially as well. Current single-use nutrient management practices have led to environmental impacts of mining, extensive greenhouse gas emissions and surface water eutrophication. Recovery and reuse of nutrients would reduce solubilizing plant available N and P in the environment. Thus, the embedded energy in fertilizer production can be retained while minimizing the conversion of stable forms of N and P. Wastewater was identified as a potential source to recover nutrients, as wastewater contains …
Applications Of Machine Learning On Behavioral Studies In Drosophila Melanogaster, Bing Qiao
Applications Of Machine Learning On Behavioral Studies In Drosophila Melanogaster, Bing Qiao
Open Access Dissertations
Relying on the rapid development of computer technology, machine learning is increasingly being applied to studies of animal behaviors. Video tracking enables observation of behaviors in an automatic, reliable and consistent way for an extended period. In Drosophila melanogaster, the fruit fly, various machine learning techniques have proven to be powerful tools in studies of locomotion tracking and overall behavior classification. In our study, we applied machine learning to investigate two important behaviors of flies: grooming and sleep. Despite being universally existing in almost all animals, the regulation of grooming is poorly understood. In the first application, based on a …
The Role Of Fibrosis After Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis, Stephanie L. Yahn
The Role Of Fibrosis After Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis, Stephanie L. Yahn
Open Access Dissertations
Remyelination failure is a crucial component of disease progression in the autoimmune demyelinating disease Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The regenerative capacity of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) to replace myelinating oligodendrocytes is likely influenced by many aspects of the lesion environment including inflammatory signaling and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. These features of MS lesions are typically attributed to infiltrating leukocytes and reactive astrocytes. Here we demonstrate that fibroblasts also contribute to an inhibitory environment in the animal model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Using Col1α1GFP transgenic mice, we show that perivascular fibroblasts are activated in the spinal cord at EAE onset …