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Effects Of Perfluorinated Compounds (Pfcs) On Metabolic Tissues And The Benefits Of Caloric Restriction, Deanna M. Salter
Effects Of Perfluorinated Compounds (Pfcs) On Metabolic Tissues And The Benefits Of Caloric Restriction, Deanna M. Salter
Open Access Dissertations
The CDC states that there has been a dramatic increase in obesity from 1990 to 2010. Type-II diabetes and obesity prevalence are increasing worldwide. Often, obesity and Type-II diabetes are concurrent, and predispose individuals to development of fatty liver disease, referred to as Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are two commonly studied perfluorinated compounds (PFC’s) that are considered environmental toxicants that have the potential to elicit diabetic and NAFLD phenotypes. This dissertation presents novel findings of gaps within the literature to date. Traditionally, diabetes and obesity have been discussed in regard with …
An Economic Analysis Of Food Safety And Public Health: Milk Pasteurization In The United States, Huiqiang Wang
An Economic Analysis Of Food Safety And Public Health: Milk Pasteurization In The United States, Huiqiang Wang
Open Access Dissertations
My dissertation is a comprehensive economic history study to the public health impacts of milk pasteurization in the United States. It has four major focuses which are included into four chapters. Chapter I is a case study to the public health impact of Chicago’s pasteurization ordinance. This study sets up the causal relationship between milk pasteurization and health outcomes. Chapter II extends the new econometric tool, the synthetic control methods, from a single unit to multiple treated units. This chapter also measures the impacts of pasteurization ordinances in a group of cities. Chapter III is written from an econometric perspective. …
Chemical Investigation Of Candidate Probiotics In Aquaculture And Formulation Of A Probiotic Agent For Oyster Larviculure, Christine Anh Dao
Chemical Investigation Of Candidate Probiotics In Aquaculture And Formulation Of A Probiotic Agent For Oyster Larviculure, Christine Anh Dao
Open Access Dissertations
Aquaculture is a multi-billion dollar industry worldwide. The United States is a significant consumer to both fresh and marine aquaculture products. Aquaculture sales in Rhode Island have dramatically increased in the last 20 years. In Rhode Island nearly 4.3 million oysters were produced via aquaculture in 2012. Currently, hatcheries and nurseries in the United States produce large amounts of a variety of species of oysters, clams and scallops. Oysters are filter feeders and are exposed to many microbes in the hatchery. Infectious diseases from bacterial pathogens in the hatcheries can have serious impacts on production. Vibrio species are often responsible …
Predatory Behavior And Physiological Response Of Chinese Mantids To Toxic And Non-Toxic Lepidopteran Prey, Jamie L. Rafter
Predatory Behavior And Physiological Response Of Chinese Mantids To Toxic And Non-Toxic Lepidopteran Prey, Jamie L. Rafter
Open Access Dissertations
Prey have evolved a number of defenses against predation, and predators have developed means of countering these protective measures. Monarch caterpillars, Danaus plexippus, for example, feed on milkweed plants in the genus Asclepias and sequester cardenolides as an anti-predator defense. However, some predators are able to consume this otherwise unpalatable prey. The observation of a Chinese mantid, Tenodera sinensis, consuming the body tissue of a monarch caterpillar while ‘gutting’ the prey (i.e., removing the gut and associated internal organs) without any apparent ill-effects prompted this research. In a series of behavioral trials we explored how adult T. sinensis …
The Stigma Of Obesity: Examining The Relationship Between Bmi And The Treatment Of Pain In Surgery Patients, Dennis H. Sewchuk Jr.
The Stigma Of Obesity: Examining The Relationship Between Bmi And The Treatment Of Pain In Surgery Patients, Dennis H. Sewchuk Jr.
Open Access Dissertations
There is a growing epidemic of obesity in the United States and a corresponding increase in the number of morbidly obese patients receiving healthcare. Despite the increasing focus and research on obesity over the years, the prevalence of obesity in the United States has continued to worsen. A stigma against obesity exists in the general public including among healthcare professionals. Attitudes and bias of healthcare professionals against obesity can negatively affect judgment and choices related to the enactment of care, affecting both the quality of healthcare delivered and patient outcomes. Studies have shown that stigmatization against groups of patients such …
Role Of Nuclear Factor E2 Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) In Environmental Chemical Induced Steatosis And Adipogenesis, Prajakta Shimpi
Role Of Nuclear Factor E2 Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) In Environmental Chemical Induced Steatosis And Adipogenesis, Prajakta Shimpi
Open Access Dissertations
Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and obesity both in the young and adult population is increasing at an alarming rate globally. Along with traditional risk factors, such as diet and sedentary life style, exposure of environmental chemicals is suspected to be a risk factor for metabolic disruption. Moreover, the ‘fetal basis of adult disease’ hypothesis implicates that early life exposure to environmental chemicals is more impactful in causing lipid homeostasis disturbances than exposure in maturity. Nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a cytoprotective transcription factor known to combat oxidative stress. The contribution of Nrf2 to other …
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Of Immunosuppresive, Mwlod A. Ghareeb
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Of Immunosuppresive, Mwlod A. Ghareeb
Open Access Dissertations
The immunosuppressive agents used to prevent rejection of transplanted organs include cyclosporine (CsA), everolimus (EVE), mycophenolic acid (MPA), prednisolone (PLN), sirolimus (SIR) and tacrolimus (TAC). Because of the narrow therapeutic index and high inter- and intra-subject variability of these agents, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is an integral part of immunosuppressive therapy following organ transplantation. The immunosuppressants incidence and severity of side effects correlate with the degree of exposure while under-dosed patients can be at a greater risk for allograft rejection. Currently, whole blood or plasma samples that are obtained via venipuncture are used for routine immunosuppressive monitoring. The limitations of …
Characterization Of Corneal Biomechanics Using Customized Atomic Force Microscopy Techniques, Janice Maxine Dias
Characterization Of Corneal Biomechanics Using Customized Atomic Force Microscopy Techniques, Janice Maxine Dias
Open Access Dissertations
Corneal biomechanics has become an increasingly important field within ophthalmology. Striving to establish a relationship between corneal physiological structure and function, corneal biomechanics is an objective, quantitative measure that aids in the development and improvement of diagnostic and therapeutic methods for corneal-related diseases. The goal of this project was to advance the technology of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) as a suitable characterization technique within the field of corneal biomechanics. The studies of this project include the development of AFM instrumentation, experimental techniques, and models to measure the elastic, viscoelastic, and poroelastic properties of the cornea in situ. Such developed instrumentation, …
Effects Of The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill On Pelagic Fish Species Of The Gulf Of Mexico, John D. Stieglitz
Effects Of The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill On Pelagic Fish Species Of The Gulf Of Mexico, John D. Stieglitz
Open Access Dissertations
The Deepwater Horizon oil spill of 2010 is the largest unintended marine oil spill in history. The point-source location of the spill, below the pelagic zone of the northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM), resulted in distribution of crude oil throughout the water column in the open ocean pelagic environment as well as along near-shore coastal habitats. Additionally, unprecedented use of chemical dispersants at both the surface and at depth resulted in increased dissolution of the crude oil into the aqueous phase. Given the importance of regional finfish and shellfish fisheries in the GOM, much attention has been directed to quantifying …
The Bacterial Pathogen Yersinia Creates A Complex Structure On The Surface Of Macrophages, Wael Bahnan
The Bacterial Pathogen Yersinia Creates A Complex Structure On The Surface Of Macrophages, Wael Bahnan
Open Access Dissertations
During an infectious process, bacterial pathogens interact with host innate immune cells. These innate cells (primarily macrophages) play a major role in the antimicrobial defense and bacterial clearance. In this work, we identify the niche which Yersinia pseudotuberculosis creates during macrophage contact. We show that the pYV virulence plasmid is essential for the ability of the bacterium to create an acidified, partially enclosed, and durable niche along the macrophage surface. These compartments are uncoupled from the normal host cell endocytic trafficking pathway and are exposed to the extracellular medium. We present data which shows that the formation of the Yersinia …
Dietary Carbohydrates Influence The Structure And Function Of The Intestinal Alpha-Glucosidases, Mohammad Chegeni
Dietary Carbohydrates Influence The Structure And Function Of The Intestinal Alpha-Glucosidases, Mohammad Chegeni
Open Access Dissertations
As the primary products of starch digestion by pancreatic α-amylase, maltooligosaccharides (including maltose) are the main substrates for the α-glucosidases at the intestinal brush border. Here, maltose was shown to induce the formation of a higher molecular weight (HMW) sucrase-isomaltase (SI) species in Caco-2 cells that sorts more quickly to the enterocyte surface to act as a digestive enzyme. As this finding suggested a maltose sensing ability of small intestinal enterocytes, molecular mechanisms associated with the maturation and trafficking of HMW SI were further investigated. A pulse-chase experiment using [ 35S]-methionine revealed a higher rate of early trafficking and …
The Role Of Adiponectin And The Adipocyte In Energy Metabolism And Inflammation, Sheila Kay Jacobi
The Role Of Adiponectin And The Adipocyte In Energy Metabolism And Inflammation, Sheila Kay Jacobi
Open Access Dissertations
A series of experiments were conducted to characterize the autocrine role of adiponectin in modulating fatty acid metabolism and inflammation in the pig. In the first study, we cloned and sequenced the porcine adiponectin open reading frame and evaluated the regulation of adiponectin, in vitro and in vivo. The porcine sequence shares approximately 88, 86, 85 and 83% homology with the dog, human, cow and mouse adiponectin, respectively, and 79–83% similarity with dog, human, cow and mouse proteins at the amino acid level, based on the translated porcine sequence and GenBank submissions for the other species. Analysis of serum from …
La Leche League, The Media, And The Nursing Mother: A Broader Perspective On Persona Theory, Erin F Doss
La Leche League, The Media, And The Nursing Mother: A Broader Perspective On Persona Theory, Erin F Doss
Open Access Dissertations
This dissertation builds on current breastfeeding-related scholarship by suggesting that the lived experiences of nursing mothers could be effective arguments for initial and continued breastfeeding. To do this, I analyzed archival materials related to La Leche League, specifically League newsletters, and media articles from publications across the United States to determine how the "nursing mother" functioned as a persona throughout the second half of the twentieth century. First, in my analysis of League newsletters I theorized a new category of personae, the constitutive persona, which includes personae used by a collective to attract new members and provide them with language …
Prediction Of Parturition And Dystocia In Holstein-Friesian Cattle, And Cesarean Section In Dystocic Beef Cattle, Wen Han Mark Hiew
Prediction Of Parturition And Dystocia In Holstein-Friesian Cattle, And Cesarean Section In Dystocic Beef Cattle, Wen Han Mark Hiew
Open Access Dissertations
Dystocia is a major problem in the dairy industry as it causes livestock and economic loss. It is more frequently seen in primiparous cattle compared to their multiparous counterparts due to their smaller stature and the slow maturation of pelvic dimensions. In some instances, human intervention of the parturition process is imperative to avoid pain, injury, and mortality of the neonate and the dam. The ability to accurately predict dystocia and the time of parturition will ensure that timely assistance can be given to animals that are of high risk of dystocia.^ The present thesis contains four studies that explore …
Cellular And Molecular Regulation Of Skeletal Muscle Regeneration, Chunhui Jiang
Cellular And Molecular Regulation Of Skeletal Muscle Regeneration, Chunhui Jiang
Open Access Dissertations
Skeletal muscle regeneration provides a powerful model to study the cellular and molecular mechanism governing stem cell function since the whole process is mediated by a population of muscle-resident stem cells called satellite cells. The overall aim of this dissertation is to explore the roles of Notch signaling and a novel gene (Bex1) in satellite cell function and skeletal muscle regeneration. ^ The first part of this thesis is to examine how the Notch signaling pathway regulates the satellite cell self-renewal in a disease model. The MDX mouse is a well-established model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and characterized by …
Karyopherin Alpha Subtypes And Porcine Early Stage Embryo Development, Yanfang Li
Karyopherin Alpha Subtypes And Porcine Early Stage Embryo Development, Yanfang Li
Open Access Dissertations
Intracellular communication between the nucleus and cytoplasm is critically important for coordinating cellular events during embryogenesis. The karyopherin α/β heterodimer is an intracellular nuclear trafficking system that mediates nuclear import of proteins that bear classical nuclear localization signals (NLSs). Seven karyopherin α subtypes have been identified in the domestic pig, and while each of these karyopherin α subtypes is able to bind to a nuclear localization signal, individual karyopherin α subtypes have been shown to transport specific NLS-bearing proteins. The objective of this study was to determine the developmental requirements of karyopherin α subtypes (KPNAs) during cleavage development in porcine …
Energy Production, Distribution, And Pollution Controls: Combining Engineering And Economic Analysis To Enhance Efficiency And Policy Design, David F. Perkis
Energy Production, Distribution, And Pollution Controls: Combining Engineering And Economic Analysis To Enhance Efficiency And Policy Design, David F. Perkis
Open Access Dissertations
Three published articles are presented which focus on enhancing various aspects of the energy supply chain. While each paper adopts a different methodology, all three combine engineering data and/or techniques with economic analysis to improve efficiency or policy design within energy markets. ^ The first paper combines a chemical engineering plant design model with an economic assessment of product enhancements within an ethanol production facility. While a new chemical process is shown to achieve greater ethanol yields, the animal feed by-products are denatured and decrease in value due to the degradation of a key nutritional amino acid. Overall, yield increases …
Soil Quality And Nitrogen Cycling Dynamics Altered By Fertility Amendments In Intensively Managed Vegetable Production Systems, Matt A. Rudisill
Soil Quality And Nitrogen Cycling Dynamics Altered By Fertility Amendments In Intensively Managed Vegetable Production Systems, Matt A. Rudisill
Open Access Dissertations
Fresh market vegetable production in the Midwest U.S. is growing rapidly as a result of increased demand for locally-sourced food. High tunnels are becoming increasingly popular among Midwest vegetable growers as these structures offer many production benefits including season extension. However, vegetables require substantial fertility inputs, particularly nitrogen (N), in order to meet desired levels of productivity, and some fertility management strategies can negatively impact soil and environmental quality. This can be particularly problematic in high tunnels, where longer production periods and modification of the growing environment put these systems at greater risk for soil degradation. Identification of fertility practices …
Host Cell Death In Legionella Pneumophila Pathogenesis And Immunity, Wenhan Zhu
Host Cell Death In Legionella Pneumophila Pathogenesis And Immunity, Wenhan Zhu
Open Access Dissertations
Legionella pneumophila is an intracellular pathogen that causes a severe, atypical pneumonia termed Legionnaires' disease. Upon entering the host cell, L. pneumophila resides in a membrane-bound vacuole, in which the bacterium evades lysosomal fusion and replicates. The establishment of the vacuole requires the Dot/Icm (Defect in organelle trafficking/ intracellular multiplication) transport system, which translocates a large number of substrates into host cells to re-orchestrate various cellular processes, such as intracellular trafficking, protein synthesis and host cell death pathways. Therefore, a key step in understanding the biology of Legionella is to dissect the mechanisms of action of the Dot/Icm substrates. By …
African Starchy Foods, Gastric Emptying, And Starch Digestion In Malian Stunted Children, Fatimata Cisse
African Starchy Foods, Gastric Emptying, And Starch Digestion In Malian Stunted Children, Fatimata Cisse
Open Access Dissertations
Starch serves as the main energy source in cereal and tuber-rich diets, and its glycemic response profile has been associated with health-related conditions. Sorghum and millet are known to have relatively low starch digestibility, a potentially desirable property for controlling blood glucose response and providing sustained energy. Gastric emptying rates of traditional sorghum and millet-based African foods of the Sahelian region (couscous, thick and thin porridges made from millet and/or sorghum) were compared to those of non-traditional "modern" foods that are mostly consumed in urban areas using a non-invasive 13C-labelled octanoic acid breath test in healthy volunteers. The obtained results …
Molecular Mechanisms Of Heart Valve And Skeletal Muscle Development And Disease, Margaret E. Benny Klimek
Molecular Mechanisms Of Heart Valve And Skeletal Muscle Development And Disease, Margaret E. Benny Klimek
Open Access Dissertations
Heart valves function to provide unidirectional blood flow during each cardiac cycle. The development of the heart valves from embryonic stages is a highly regulated process involving many signaling pathways in order to provide the proper extracellular matrix components in the trilaminar structure. When these processes are dysregulated, disease can persist in the valves. Here we examined additional levels of regulation in the heart valves at the level of miRNAs and phosphate homeostasis. There are many studies examining miRNA regulation in the heart, however, there is little knowledge about which miRNAs are expressed in the heart valves during development, maturation, …
Genetically Designed Bacterial Biosystems For Environmental And Biomedical Applications, Leslie D. Knecht
Genetically Designed Bacterial Biosystems For Environmental And Biomedical Applications, Leslie D. Knecht
Open Access Dissertations
Nature has endowed us with eloquently designed biosystems which can be applied to a number of analytical applications. Advances in biotechnology have allowed for bacteria and the proteins found therein to be exploited throughout the years for the development of designer analytical systems. Herein, we have exploited genetically designed bacterial whole-cell systems and proteins for biomedical and environmental applications. First, we have demonstrated the use of a whole-cell sensing system based on the quorum sensing regulatory protein LasR as a tool to elucidate interkingdom communication and better understand host-microbiome interactions. Specifically, the role of serotonin as a bacterial signaling molecule …
The Effect Of A Community-Based Exercise Program On Inflammation, Metabolic Risk, And Fitness Levels Among Persons Living With Hiv/Aids, Stacy E. Cutrono
The Effect Of A Community-Based Exercise Program On Inflammation, Metabolic Risk, And Fitness Levels Among Persons Living With Hiv/Aids, Stacy E. Cutrono
Open Access Dissertations
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) pandemic remains a top national health priority. Chronic inflammation may be a critical component in the disease course of HIV as C-reactive protein (CRP) is elevated and associated with increased mortality. This study examined the effect of three months of combined aerobic and resistance exercise training among a diverse cohort of HIV-infected men and women. The fixed effect of time for CRP was found to be non-significant (F[1,57.3]=1.7, p=0.19). There was a significant fixed effect for time for upper body (F[1,51.6]=18.1, p<0.05) and lower body strength (F[1,48.0]=15.7, p<0.05) and significant declines in diastolic blood pressure (p=0.002) and waist circumference (p=0.027). Though levels of CRP were not impacted after three months training, participants demonstrated a significant increase in muscular strength as well as beneficial changes in metabolic risk factors. Future studies should focus on determining the optimal exercise intervention length and mode to reduce inflammation.
The Effect Of Economic And Social Conditions On The Use Of Clinical Preventive Services, Bisma Ali Sayed
The Effect Of Economic And Social Conditions On The Use Of Clinical Preventive Services, Bisma Ali Sayed
Open Access Dissertations
This study examines the relationship between economic conditions and individuals’ use of clinical preventive (CP) services. CP services form the cornerstone of the national healthcare agenda, and are key in the fight to reduce morbidity and mortality in the United States. Despite this, low utilization rates remain concerning, with recent statistics indicating that rates of CP service use fall well below the targets outlined in Healthy People 2020. In the present study, I focus on individuals’ use of three CP services, influenza vaccinations, blood cholesterol screening, and endoscopic colorectal cancer screening. Broadly, I examine the effect of state-level unemployment and …
Essays On Productivity Growth In Agriculture, Uris Lantz Caldo Baldos
Essays On Productivity Growth In Agriculture, Uris Lantz Caldo Baldos
Open Access Dissertations
This dissertation aims to explore the current trends in agricultural productivity and analyse its impact on the global farm and food system. Chapter 2 in this dissertation looks at the current trends in agricultural productivity in India—one most of the populous country in the world. In this chapter, productivity trends in Indian agriculture are examined by looking at changes in Total Factor Productivity—a measure which takes into account all farm outputs and inputs. Estimates in this chapter suggest that TFP growth for the 10-year period—between 1999-2000 and 2009-2010—steadily grew at the national level. Looking at the 5-year estimates, TFP growth …
Perfectionism As A Predictor Of Eating Disorder Symptoms: A Comparative Study Of Female College Athletes And Non-Athletes, Sarah R. Hewes
Perfectionism As A Predictor Of Eating Disorder Symptoms: A Comparative Study Of Female College Athletes And Non-Athletes, Sarah R. Hewes
Open Access Dissertations
The prevalence of eating disorders has been on the rise since the 1970s and 1980s, a time that coincided with the dieting boom. Over thirty years later, eating disorders, such as anorexia and bulimia, have grown to become an epidemic with nearly 20 million women affected (Wade, 2011). Although differing prevalence rates exist, it is reported that approximately one in 200 American women will suffer from anorexia and one to three in 100 will suffer from bulimia (DSM IV-TR, 2000). Many of these women are on college campuses and find themselves dieting as a weight control method, a precursor to …
Effect Of Employment On Health-Related Quality Of Life, Healthcare Expenditures, And Healthcare Utilization Of Older Adults, Diana Kachan
Effect Of Employment On Health-Related Quality Of Life, Healthcare Expenditures, And Healthcare Utilization Of Older Adults, Diana Kachan
Open Access Dissertations
The proportion of adults aged 65 years and over in the U.S. population is rapidly increasing due to increasing longevity, as well as decreasing fertility rates. As a result, adults aged 65+ constitute the fastest growing group among workers, and this trend is projected to continue as the baby boomer generation enters retirement age. The positive effects of employment at older age on health has been suggested by previous research, however no comprehensive examination of health status of older workers has been conducted. In addition, the effect of employment at older age on such important health outcomes as health-related qualityof …
Biotic And Abiotic Influences On Algal Symbiont (Symbiodinium Spp.) Community Dynamics In Reef Corals Recovering From Disturbance, Paul R. Jones
Biotic And Abiotic Influences On Algal Symbiont (Symbiodinium Spp.) Community Dynamics In Reef Corals Recovering From Disturbance, Paul R. Jones
Open Access Dissertations
Reef corals are mutualisms between invertebrate animals and diverse dinoflagellate algae (Symbiodinium spp.). Originally thought to be specific relationships between particular corals and Symbiodinium types, it is now accepted that many coral species can host different types of symbionts, often simultaneously. This adds complexity to the study of coral-algal symbiosis, because subtle changes in the symbiont community may result in a coral host with increased thermal tolerance or resilience. To determine how Symbiodinium community dynamics are affected by environmental stressors (abiotic factors) and exogenous sources of algal-symbionts (biotic factors), this project utilized a highly sensitive real-time PCR assay to quantify …
Interaction And Protection Of Antimicrobial Compounds With Carbohydrate-Based Colloidal Systems For Improved Food Safety, Preetam Sarkar
Interaction And Protection Of Antimicrobial Compounds With Carbohydrate-Based Colloidal Systems For Improved Food Safety, Preetam Sarkar
Open Access Dissertations
The food processing industry has focused on using conventional methods for food preservation. However, the recurring incidence of food borne illnesses and outbreaks due to pathogenic or spoilage organisms have called for creation of novel intervention strategies. In recent years, antimicrobial compounds from natural sources are gaining significant importance in improving food safety and security. However, antimicrobials suffer from extensive degradation when applied to complex food systems due to several specific or non-specific interactions. There is an urgent need for the protection of such antimicrobials to prolong their activity in foods. One strategy of achieving the goal is by the …
Interaction And Protection Of Antimicrobial Compounds With Carbohydrate-Based Colloidal Systems For Improved Food Safety, Preetam Sarkar
Interaction And Protection Of Antimicrobial Compounds With Carbohydrate-Based Colloidal Systems For Improved Food Safety, Preetam Sarkar
Open Access Dissertations
The food processing industry has focused on using conventional methods for food preservation. However, the recurring incidence of food borne illnesses and outbreaks due to pathogenic or spoilage organisms have called for creation of novel intervention strategies. In recent years, antimicrobial compounds from natural sources are gaining significant importance in improving food safety and security. However, antimicrobials suffer from extensive degradation when applied to complex food systems due to several specific or non-specific interactions. There is an urgent need for the protection of such antimicrobials to prolong their activity in foods. One strategy of achieving the goal is by the …