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Articles 8521 - 8550 of 12807
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Federal Estate And Gift Taxation: A Review, Paul G. Kauper
Federal Estate And Gift Taxation: A Review, Paul G. Kauper
Michigan Law Review
Today's tax-encumbered citizen is not only aware that death and taxes are certain but also realizes that they walk hand-in-hand. At the most he may experience a sense of nostalgic grief over Pliny the Younger's argument that an inheritance tax "is an 'unnatural' tax, since it augments the grief and sorrow of the bereaved." He knows that as a matter of history Pliny's argument, however touching and delicate, has not deterred ways and means committees, intent on meeting revenue needs.
Trade Restraints - Unlawful Trade Statutes - Sales By Employers To Employees Of Goods Not Handled In Regular Course Of Business, Jay W. Sorge
Michigan Law Review
The title of that once popular tune may soon be changed to "I Can't Get It For You Wholesale." During the last two years the legislatures of four states have passed laws making it unlawful for employers, either individuals, corporations, or other associations, to sell merchandise or other products to their employees unless these articles were actually manufactured by the employer or sold by him in the regular course of his business. It is the purpose of this comment to discuss the need and advisability of such legislation, the statutes which have been enacted, and their enforcement and constitutionality.
Injunctions - Extent To Which Equity Will Protect A Business On The Theory That It Is A Property Right, Michigan Law Review
Injunctions - Extent To Which Equity Will Protect A Business On The Theory That It Is A Property Right, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff, a corporation engaged in publishing a newspaper, in order to increase circulation conducted a puzzle contest, offering substantial prizes. Defendant, engaged in preparing and selling answers to various prize contests, sold answers to contestants in plaintiff's contests. Plaintiff sought to enjoin such activity. Held, that the right to conduct a lawful business is a property right which may be protected from unlawful interference. Even if, as mere offerees, the contestants are not bound to plaintiff by contract, defendant's acts amount to an inducement to tender spurious performance and may therefore be enjoined as improper and unlawful interference with …
Contracts - Agency - Statute Of Frauds - Satisfaction Of The Statute Of Frauds By A Memorandum Signed By An Agent Acting For A Partially Disclosed Principal, Michigan Law Review
Contracts - Agency - Statute Of Frauds - Satisfaction Of The Statute Of Frauds By A Memorandum Signed By An Agent Acting For A Partially Disclosed Principal, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff engaged a Michigan corporation to negotiate the purchase for him of certain shares of stock. The corporation obtained the promise of defendant to sell the stock to the corporation as agent for an undisclosed principal. The corporation, acting as the agent for an undisclosed vendor (defendant), sent a written confirmation of the sale to the plaintiff and sent a similar memorandum to the defendant which was signed by the corporation as agent for an undisclosed vendee (plaintiff). The next day defendant notified the corporation that he refused to deliver the shares. Plaintiff brought a suit in equity for the …
Criminal Law And Procedure - Conspiracy To Commit A Misdemeanor As A Felony, Michigan Law Review
Criminal Law And Procedure - Conspiracy To Commit A Misdemeanor As A Felony, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
The defendant was indicted for conspiring to destroy the poles and wires of an electric public utility, the destruction of such property being a statutory misdemeanor. The indictment was prosecuted under the provision of the Michigan statutes which states that all crimes indictable at common law are punishable as felonies unless specifically declared otherwise by the statute. The crime of conspiracy comes under this "common-law offense" provision. Upon denial of his motion to dismiss, defendant sought mandamus to review the ruling. Held, an agreement to do an act made a misdemeanor by statute is a common-law conspiracy, and such …
Judgments - Declaratory Judgments - Action For Declaration Of Noinliability Under Insurance Policy, Arthur M. Hoffeins
Judgments - Declaratory Judgments - Action For Declaration Of Noinliability Under Insurance Policy, Arthur M. Hoffeins
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff insurance company sought a declaratory judgment that the person to whom its insured had transferred his automobile was not protected by the policy for damages caused to others, such transfer without the consent of the plaintiff being contrary to the terms of the policy. Held, that since by statute the insurer was made directly liable to the injured party, plaintiff was not entitled to a declaration of noncoverage, since it could not isolate one defense and try it in advance, leaving undecided issues involving the negligence of the person to whom the automobile was transferred. New Amsterdam Casualty …
Evidence - Admissibility Of Defendants Refusal To Submit To A Blood Test For Intoxication, David Davidoff
Evidence - Admissibility Of Defendants Refusal To Submit To A Blood Test For Intoxication, David Davidoff
Michigan Law Review
Defendant was convicted of operating a motor vehicle while intoxicated. This appeal was based on the contention that the testimony by a deputy sheriff of defendant's refusal to submit to a blood test to determine whether or not he was intoxicated violated his privilege against self-incrimination and was inadmissible. Held, the evidence was properly admitted. State v. Benson, (Iowa, 1941) 300 N. W. 275.
International Law - Sovereign Immunity - Immunity From Suit Of Funds Belonging To A Political Subdivision Of A State, Wilbur Jacobs
International Law - Sovereign Immunity - Immunity From Suit Of Funds Belonging To A Political Subdivision Of A State, Wilbur Jacobs
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff, the holder of bonds of defendant, the state of Sao Paulo, one of the federated states of the United States of Brazil, attached funds belonging to the defendant and deposited them in a New York bank to meet payments on the bonds. During the depression there had been a general default by Brazil and its states on their external debts because of the unfavorable trade conditions and consequent lack of dollar exchange. The Aranha plan was devised in 1934 to combat these conditions through control of foreign exchange. Each state was required to deposit with the Bank of Brazil …
Taxation - Annuity Contracts - Federal Estate Tax, Charles J. O'Laughlin
Taxation - Annuity Contracts - Federal Estate Tax, Charles J. O'Laughlin
Michigan Law Review
The decedent purchased several single-premium annuity contracts, the annuity payments to be made to her for life, and after her death to a designated second annuitant for life. The Board of Tax Appeals ruled that the policy should not be taxed as a transfer to take effect at death. Held, on appeal, the interest passing to the second anuitant at the death of the decedent should be included in decedent's gross estate under the federal estate tax, since it falls within the provision taxing transfers intended to take effect in possession and enjoyment at or after the death of …
Labor Law - Right Of Employee To Sue On Collective Bargaining Contract Between Employer And Union, David Davidoff
Labor Law - Right Of Employee To Sue On Collective Bargaining Contract Between Employer And Union, David Davidoff
Michigan Law Review
Defendant, a theatre owner, in March, 1939, entered into a collective bargaining contract with a local union by the terms of which he agreed to hire only union operators, to pay them a specified wage, and to give them two weeks' notice of their discharge, or two weeks' salary in lieu thereof, should he decide to go out of business. Plaintiff, a union member, was employed by the defendant from March, 1939, until he was discharged in December, 1939. It appeared that this discharge was occasioned by defendant's sale of his theatre and retirement from the business. Plaintiff sued for …
Monthly Periodical Index, Michigan Law Review
Monthly Periodical Index, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
This department lists the articles and comments which appear in twenty-five leading law reviews.
Negligence - The "Same Hazard" Principle - Nonliability In Event Of Injury From A Hazard Of Different Type From That Which Justified Imposition Of Duty To Use Due Care, Michigan Law Review
Negligence - The "Same Hazard" Principle - Nonliability In Event Of Injury From A Hazard Of Different Type From That Which Justified Imposition Of Duty To Use Due Care, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
In a previous suit by plaintiff against a policy holder, defendant, who was the insurer and conducted the defense for the insured, rejected an offer made by plaintiff to settle the claim for less than the policy limit, which was $5,000. There was thereafter a verdict for plaintiff for $7,500, which was satisfied to the amount of $5,000. Plaintiff then brought an action against the defendant insurance company in the name of the policy holder to recover the remainder of the judgment on the ground that defendant was negligent in rejecting the plaintiff's settlement offer. Held, plaintiff stated no …
Book Notes, Michigan Law Review
Book Notes, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
This department undertakes to list and, when possible, describe briefly current books on law and matters closely related thereto.
United States - Contracts - Effect, When Tax Is Declared Unconstitutional, Of Provisions For Increase Or Decrease Of Purchase Price For Taxes "Imposed" Or "Changed", Wilbur Jacobs
Michigan Law Review
Between May 1935 and January 1936 the federal government purchased flour from respondent through contracts which contained a so-called "up and down" tax clause. The basic price charged included the A.A.A. processing taxes. During this same period respondent obtained an injunction against the collection of said processing taxes and, as a result of the decision of the Supreme Court in United States v. Butler, was relieved of liability for the tax. In a later suit brought by respondent in the Court of Claims to recover on other contracts, the government claimed a setoff for the amount of these taxes. …
Monthly Periodical Index, Michigan Law Review
Monthly Periodical Index, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
This department lists the articles and comments which appear in twenty-five leading law reviews.
The New Schoolmaster In Finance, Hiram L. Jome
The New Schoolmaster In Finance, Hiram L. Jome
Michigan Law Review
The purpose of this article is to present the attitude and views of the Securities and Exchange Commission on various financial problems. Several phases of the commission's thinking are in the writer's opinion extreme and questionable, or even unsound. Its actions have not always been consistent with its official views. Since the writer's purpose, however, has been merely to describe and not to criticize, no attempt has been made to appraise the work of the commission.
Bankruptcy-Effect Of Rule Of Erie Railroad V. Tompkins On Priorities In Federal Bankruptcy Proceedings, Michigan Law Review
Bankruptcy-Effect Of Rule Of Erie Railroad V. Tompkins On Priorities In Federal Bankruptcy Proceedings, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
A company engaged in the mortgage-guaranty business became bankrupt, the respondent being the successor company resulting from reorganization proceedings under section 77B of the Bankruptcy Act. The original company had loaned money secured by a bond and mortgage and then sold certificates to the public representing undivided shares in the mortgage, the certificates being guaranteed by the same company. The mortgagor having defaulted, the controversy in the principal case arose because the now bankrupt company had before bankruptcy repurchased two of the certificates, acquired title to a third, and held the balance of the loan for which no certificates had …
Municipal Corporations - Waters And Watercourses - Eminent Domain - Pollution Of Water As A "Taking" Of Private Property, Brooks F. Crabtree
Municipal Corporations - Waters And Watercourses - Eminent Domain - Pollution Of Water As A "Taking" Of Private Property, Brooks F. Crabtree
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff sued defendant city for damages caused his land by the continual discharge of raw sewage into the river about one-half mile above plaintiff's land. The pollution rendered the water of the river unfit for domestic use and deleterious to health. Held, that although the plaintiff failed to allege the necessary elements for a tort action against a municipality, under the Washington statute, he stated a valid cause of action for damages under article I, section 16 of the Washington Constitution which states that "No private property shall be taken or damaged for public or private use without just …
Taxation-- Use Tax--Collection By A Foreign Corporation--Inapplicable Where Foreign Corporation Makes Strictly Interstate Sales, Michigan Law Review
Taxation-- Use Tax--Collection By A Foreign Corporation--Inapplicable Where Foreign Corporation Makes Strictly Interstate Sales, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
The Michigan Use Tax Act requires every seller of tangible personal property for storage, use or other consumption in the state of Michigan, engaged in the business of selling at retail in Michigan, to collect the tax imposed by the act. Plaintiff is an Illinois corporation operating a merchant tailoring establishment in Chicago. It takes orders in Michigan, from residents, for clothes, fills the orders in Chicago and, by agreement, the title to the clothes is vested in the purchaser upon delivery in Chicago to an interstate carrier. It maintains a branch office in Detroit where samples are kept, salesmen …
Front Matter, Michigan Law Review
Front Matter, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Front Matter for Volume 40, Issue 5 of Michigan Law Review
Constitutional Law - State Control Of Interstate Migration Of Indigents, Edward W. Adams
Constitutional Law - State Control Of Interstate Migration Of Indigents, Edward W. Adams
Michigan Law Review
The interstate migration of persons presents the United States with one of its most acute economic and social problems and carries in its wake a series of significant legal questions. Of paramount importance is the constitutional question whether the migration of indigents is subject to state control. To lend understanding to this problem, attention will be called first to the basic economic and social urges underlying interstate migration and second to the position of the indigent as defined by traditional legal concepts. To complete the discussion, suggestions will be offered for corrective federal legislation.
Taxation Of Partnership Assets Received By A Deceased Partner And His Estate, Donald H. Treadwell
Taxation Of Partnership Assets Received By A Deceased Partner And His Estate, Donald H. Treadwell
Michigan Law Review
The raising of funds to pay taxes will probably be a major problem of business men for many years to come. Closely rivaling it, however, is the problem of computing the tax. Though the economic definitions of income may be relatively simple, the complex business relationships necessitating equally complex accounting procedures often make the computation of income extremely difficult. This was demonstrated in the recent case of Helvering v. Enright's Estate, a tax case arising out of the death of a law partner. At the time of his death there were three types of assets which had been acquired …
Italian Administrative Courts Under Fascism, Paul B. Rava
Italian Administrative Courts Under Fascism, Paul B. Rava
Michigan Law Review
Observers not wholly familiar with the administration of the present government of Italy are generally surprised by the fact that the Council of State, the supreme administrative court, is still an operating body after more than eighteen years of blackshirt revolution and domination. It seems strange that a dictator should have preserved this agency, which was established in order to bring justice into public administration, and which rapidly became the principal guardian of individual rights against administrative arbitrariness. One asks how the Council of State can, in a totalitarian state, continue to exercise its functions of administrative court and of …
Tort Liability Of Suppliers Of Defective Chattels, Paul A. Leidy
Tort Liability Of Suppliers Of Defective Chattels, Paul A. Leidy
Michigan Law Review
A recent case decided by the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania and a recent article appearing in the University of Pennsylvania Law Review have served to focus attention upon the interesting problem of the liability, on other than warranty principles, of the vendor of a defective chattel. Because of the line of attack taken in the dissenting opinion and in the article, attention is directed, specifically, to the vendor's duty of inspection and, incidentally, to the liability of the manufacturer of a defective article, the reasons for that liability, and the question: Are the situations of the actual maker and the …
Transactions Of The Supreme Court Of The Territory Of Michigan: A Review, Francis S. Philbrick
Transactions Of The Supreme Court Of The Territory Of Michigan: A Review, Francis S. Philbrick
Michigan Law Review
Of the colonial documents that record the legal origins of our original states, those of Maryland have been published in relatively generous but still inadequate number, while collections for other states are still scantier. A sampling is all that a multiplicity of destructive agents have left us as a possibility. The hope, however, has recently become permissible that an awakened interest among lawyers may secure us, for publication, an expert sampling in place of that made by fire, vermin, mould, and official neglect in leaving us the records still surviving, and that lawyers may also give us proper editions of …
Constitutional Law - State Proration Acts - Regulation Of Production When Sales Are Largely Interstate, Michigan Law Review
Constitutional Law - State Proration Acts - Regulation Of Production When Sales Are Largely Interstate, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
The plaintiff, a raisin packer in the state of California, was prevented from purchasing in open market to fill his out-of-state orders because of the California Agricultural Proration Act. By its provisions the producers of raisin grapes are required to turn over seventy per cent of their produce to state "pools." The remaining thirty per cent may be sold without restriction, providing the producer holds certificates issued by a commission. Packers are permitted to purchase only from such certificate holders. These packers operate within California, buying from producers and selling to jobbers, wholesalers, brokers, etc., for resale to the public. …
Contracts - Promise To Perform Pre-Existing Duty - Gifts - Choses In Action, Michigan Law Review
Contracts - Promise To Perform Pre-Existing Duty - Gifts - Choses In Action, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff contracted to excavate a cellar for a stated price. He encountered solid rock and completed his duty under the contract only after defendant orally agreed to give extra compensation. When the excavation was finished, defendant refused to make payment except on the basis of the original terms. Held, defendant, by his later promise, effectively discharged plaintiff from his obligation under the original contract by way of gift. Thus, performance by the plaintiff was consideration for the later promise, thereby creating a new and binding contract. Watkins & Son v. Carrig, (N. H. 1941) 21 A. (2d) 591.
Constitutional Law -- Due Process -- Price-Fixing, Michigan Law Review
Constitutional Law -- Due Process -- Price-Fixing, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
A Nebraska statute required the licensing of private employment agencies and limited maximum compensation for services rendered to ten per cent of the first month's salary or wages of the person for whom employment was obtained. In this case the Secretary of Labor of Nebraska refused to issue a license because of the applicant's refusal to limit its compensation to the statutory maximum. In a suit for a peremptory writ of mandamus to compel the issuing of the license, the Secretary of Labor relied on the statute. In reliance on Ribnik v. McBride, the Supreme Court of Nebraska, with …
Public Officers - Liability Of Federal Officers For Quasi-Judlcial Acts, Arthur M. Hoffeins
Public Officers - Liability Of Federal Officers For Quasi-Judlcial Acts, Arthur M. Hoffeins
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff sought to withdraw a registration statement which he had filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The commission denied him the right to do so and applied for a court order to enforce a previously issued subpoena to compel the plaintiff to appear before it and to produce books relating to the registration statement. After the Supreme Court had upheld the plaintiff's right to withdraw the statement, he brought an action for damages against the members of the commission for malicious prosecution, libel and slander, etc., alleging in addition that the defendants had acted maliciously and in bad faith. …
Taxation - Income Tax - Exemption Of Proceeds Of Insurance Policies Payable In The Form Of An Annuity, Wilbur Jacobs
Taxation - Income Tax - Exemption Of Proceeds Of Insurance Policies Payable In The Form Of An Annuity, Wilbur Jacobs
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff was the beneficiary of a life insurance policy payable in equal installments over a period of twenty years. The deferred payments had been substituted for payment of the face amount of the policy through an option in the policy exercised by the insured a short time before his death. The Commissioner of Internal Revenue included in gross income the amount by which each payment exceeded one-twentieth of the face amount of the policy on the theory that this excess was interest and hence not within the statute exempting insurance from gross income. Plaintiff sued to recover the tax paid. …