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Articles 3571 - 3600 of 8432
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
The Purposes Of Advocacy And The Limits Of Confidentiality, John T. Noonan Jr.
The Purposes Of Advocacy And The Limits Of Confidentiality, John T. Noonan Jr.
Michigan Law Review
The privilege of confidentiality between lawyer and client is a significant barrier to the search for truth and the attainment of justice. Since bankers, accountants, psychiatrists, and confessors are not entitled at common law to confidentiality in their relationships with those with whom they deal, one may well inquire why lawyers possess such an extraordinary privilege. In the early English case which established the lawyer-client privilege, counsel offered several justifications: (I) A "gentleman of character" does not disclose his client's secrets. (2) An attorney identifies himself with his client, and it would be "contrary to the rules of natural justice …
"Primarily For Sale" In I.R.C Sections 1221 And 1231 Held To Mean "Principally For Sale" Rather Than "Substantially For Sale" --Malat V. Riddell (U.S. 1966), Michigan Law Review
"Primarily For Sale" In I.R.C Sections 1221 And 1231 Held To Mean "Principally For Sale" Rather Than "Substantially For Sale" --Malat V. Riddell (U.S. 1966), Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Sections 1221 and 1231 of the Internal Revenue Code disqualify from capital gains treatment profits derived from the sale or exchange of property "held by the taxpayer primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of his trade or business." In deciding whether these sections deny capital gains treatment to profits realized by real estate dealers from the sale or exchange of land, the circuit courts, while examining similar facts in relation to the same criteria, have reached divergent conclusions. Two recent decisions, Municipal Bond Corp. v. Commissioner and Malat v. Riddell, illustrate these discordant results. In Municipal …
Identification Of Property Subject To The Federal Estate Tax, Charles L.B. Lowndes, Richard B. Stephens
Identification Of Property Subject To The Federal Estate Tax, Charles L.B. Lowndes, Richard B. Stephens
Michigan Law Review
Although the federal estate tax is imposed on the "transfer" of property, the amount of the levy is a specified percentage of the taxable estate. Correct computation of the tax depends, therefore, upon accurate identification of the property included in the taxable estate. However, the determination and application of the rules governing identification are relatively uncharted areas.
Foster Parents Versus Agencies: A Case Study In The Judicial Application Of "The Best Interests Of The Child" Doctrine, Sanford N. Katz
Foster Parents Versus Agencies: A Case Study In The Judicial Application Of "The Best Interests Of The Child" Doctrine, Sanford N. Katz
Michigan Law Review
A recurring problem which courts face is the need to resolve the conflict which arises when foster parents challenge the decision of agencies that have disqualified these persons from continuing their relationship with or adopting their foster child. This article will explore the role of courts in resolving these disputes and will suggest some criteria by which the courts may be guided in deciding such questions.
Labor Law--Nlrb Refuses To Apply Related Work Doctrine To Construction Site Picketing--Building And Construction Trades Council (Markwell & Hartz), Michigan Law Review
Labor Law--Nlrb Refuses To Apply Related Work Doctrine To Construction Site Picketing--Building And Construction Trades Council (Markwell & Hartz), Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
The New Orleans Building and Construction Trades Council, an association of craft unions, was engaged in a labor dispute with Markwell & Hartz, the general contractor on a construction project. In support of its dispute with the general contractor (primary employer), the Council picketed all gates leading to the job site, although some gates had been specifically reserved for the exclusive use of those subcontractors (secondary employers) with whom the union had no dispute. Employees of the subcontractors refused to cross the picket line to perform work pursuant to their employers' contracts with the general contractor. Markwell & Hartz filed …
Notice And The "Deeds Out" Problem, William E. Ryckman Jr.
Notice And The "Deeds Out" Problem, William E. Ryckman Jr.
Michigan Law Review
When a grantor conveys land which has been subjected to easements or equitable servitudes in favor. of adjacent land previously conveyed by the grantor, there arises the serious question whether such interests are enforceable if the purchaser has not expressly taken the land subject to them. A cursory inspection of primary and secondary authority on the subject of easements and equitable servitudes would indicate that the answer depends upon whether, at the time of the sale, the purchaser of the "servient estate" has "notice" of the "burden" to which his land is allegedly subjected. It is the purpose of this …
An Ex Parte Order May Not Serve The Function Of A Search Warrant Under The Fourth Amendment To Authorize A Physical Intrusion In Connection With A "Search" For Conversations--People V. Grossman, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
There was probable cause to believe that defendant Scandifia was implicated in a larceny of jewelry by false pretenses. Pursuant to section 813-a of the New York Code of Criminal Procedure, the Supreme Court in New York County issued an ex parte order authorizing the installation of an eavesdropping device in a service station owned by Scandifia. Shortly thereafter, police broke into the station's private office and installed a microphone. Conversations were overheard which indicated that defendant Grossman had in his possession two pistols received from Scandifia. An affidavit setting forth these conversations supplied the sole probable cause for a …
Authorization Of Involuntary Blood Transfusion For Adult Jehovah's Witness Held Unconstitutional--In Re Brooks' Estate, Michigan Law Review
Authorization Of Involuntary Blood Transfusion For Adult Jehovah's Witness Held Unconstitutional--In Re Brooks' Estate, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Despite serious illness, plaintiff requested, in accordance with her religious beliefs as a Jehovah's Witness, that blood transfusions not be administered to her. Upon the request of her physician and several assistant state's attorneys, a court-appointed guardian was authorized to consent to a blood transfusion for the plaintiff, and a transfusion was administered. On appeal of the court's action to the Supreme Court of Illinois, held, order reversed. The authorization of a blood transfusion for an adult Jehovah's Witness who has only adult children is an unconstitutional interference with the patient's right to the free exercise of her religion.
Front Matter, Michigan Law Review
Front Matter, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Front Matter for Volume 64, Issue 3 of Michigan Law Review
Citizens' Grievances Against Administrative Agencies--The Yugoslav Approach, Walter Gellhorn
Citizens' Grievances Against Administrative Agencies--The Yugoslav Approach, Walter Gellhorn
Michigan Law Review
Yugoslavia, with a population of nearly twenty million, occupies a territory slightly larger than the United Kingdom. Professedly "communist" in philosophy, increasingly "democratic" in practice, it recognizes that the supposed interests of the State do not preclude attention to individual rights as well. In recent years Yugoslavia, like the United States, has earnestly sought efficient means of examining complaints about public administration. The present article sketches some of the measures that protect citizens against official abuse or mistake.
Leibholz: Politics And Law, Hugo J. Hahn
Leibholz: Politics And Law, Hugo J. Hahn
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Politics and Law by Gerhard Leibholz
Convertible Securities And Section 16(B): The Persistent Problems Of Purchase, Sale, And Debts Previously Contracted, W. Richard Keller
Convertible Securities And Section 16(B): The Persistent Problems Of Purchase, Sale, And Debts Previously Contracted, W. Richard Keller
Michigan Law Review
In 1934, Congress enacted section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act in an effort to counteract the evils flowing from speculation in corporate securities by certain persons having information regarding the corporation's affairs or occupying positions of trust which permit manipulation of corporate policies. In general, section 16(b) permits the issuer, or one or more stockholders acting in its behalf, to recover any "short-swing" profit realized from purchases and sales (or sales and purchases) of the issuer's equity securities within a six-month period by directors, officers, or beneficial owners of more than ten per cent of any class of equity …
Periodical Index, Michigan Law Review
Periodical Index, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Subject Index of Articles and Comments Appearing in Leading Law Reviews
Legal History In The High Court--Habeas Corpus, Dallin H. Oaks
Legal History In The High Court--Habeas Corpus, Dallin H. Oaks
Michigan Law Review
Ever since Chief Justice Marshall declared that courts could resort to the common law to determine what Congress meant by the term "habeas corpus" in a federal statute, the history of this venerable remedy has played an important role in the Supreme Court. Over the years, however, courts have moved away from using the writ of habeas corpus for its historic functions of eliciting the cause of commitment and compelling adherence to prescribed procedures in advance of trial until today it has become primarily a means by which one court of general jurisdiction exercises post-conviction review over the judgment of …
"Imminent Danger Of Addiction" As A Ground For Involuntary Commitment In California--People V. Victor, Michigan Law Review
"Imminent Danger Of Addiction" As A Ground For Involuntary Commitment In California--People V. Victor, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Since the passage of the Harrison Act in 1914, the principal means of controlling drug addiction in the United States have been rigid controls on importation and domestic production of narcotics, and increasingly heavy penal sanctions for the illegal possession or sale of addicting drugs. Effective as these measures have been in restricting the domestic traffic in narcotics and driving up the price of illegal drugs, long prison sentences have not been successful in either deterring or curing drug addiction. Recognizing the unique psychological and physiological aspects of addiction, the United States Public Health Service established hospitals in the 1930's …
Lockhart, Kamisar And Choper: Constitutional Law: Cases, Comments & Questions, Charles W. Quick
Lockhart, Kamisar And Choper: Constitutional Law: Cases, Comments & Questions, Charles W. Quick
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Constitutional Law: Cases, Comments & Questions by William B. Lockhart, Yale Kamisar, and Jesse H. Choper
Enforcement Procedure Of Oberlin, Ohio, Fair Housing Ordinance Held Unconstitutional--Porter V. City Of Oberlin, Michigan Law Review
Enforcement Procedure Of Oberlin, Ohio, Fair Housing Ordinance Held Unconstitutional--Porter V. City Of Oberlin, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff, a citizen of Oberlin, Ohio, brought an action for declaratory and injunctive relief to review the constitutionality of the city's fair housing ordinance, which makes it a misdemeanor to discriminate because of race, creed, or color in the sale or rental of housing. Under the procedure established by the ordinance, the Housing Renewal Commission is directed to make investigations of complaints filed with it. If violations are discovered, the commission must attempt to eliminate the discriminatory practices by conciliation and persuasion. If these efforts fail, the entire record of the matter must be forwarded to the city council, accompanied …
"Runaway Shop" Must Bargain With Union Upon Request At New Site Whether Or Not Union Reacquires Its Majority Status--Garwin Corporation, Michigan Law Review
"Runaway Shop" Must Bargain With Union Upon Request At New Site Whether Or Not Union Reacquires Its Majority Status--Garwin Corporation, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
The sole stockholder of the Garwin Corporation, a New York apparel manufacturer, caused a similar manufacturing company to be incorporated in Florida. The Garwin Corporation then terminated its New York operations, discharged its employees, and resumed operations at the Florida location. The International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, which represented a majority of the discharged employees, filed a complaint with the National Labor Relations Board, alleging that the Garwin Corporation had violated sections 8(a)(l), (3) and (5) of the National Labor Relations Act because the relocation was motivated by anti-union animus and because the discharged employees were deprived of their rights …
Equitable Considerations Held Not Applicable To Defense Of Lack Of Overpayment--Dysart V. United States, Michigan Law Review
Equitable Considerations Held Not Applicable To Defense Of Lack Of Overpayment--Dysart V. United States, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Taxpayer treated the proceeds of a judgment recovered in 1954 as capital gain. Although the Commissioner of Internal Revenue did not object to the capital-gain treatment, he assessed a penalty tax for failure to report the judgment in a declaration of estimated income for 1954. In 1958 the regulation providing for the penalty tax was declared invalid, and taxpayer filed a timely claim for refund. Although an independent affirmative action by the Commissioner contesting the 1954 return would have been barred by the statute of limitations, the Commissioner disallowed the refund, contending that because the proceeds of the 1954 judgment …
Conditioning Of Relief From Unenforceable Judgment Upon Showing Of Meritorious Defense To Claim Upon Which It Was Entered Can Deny Due Process Of Law--Armstrong V. Manzo, Michigan Law Review
Conditioning Of Relief From Unenforceable Judgment Upon Showing Of Meritorious Defense To Claim Upon Which It Was Entered Can Deny Due Process Of Law--Armstrong V. Manzo, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
When petitioner and his wife were divorced in 1959 she received custody of their minor daughter, and he was ordered to contribute fifty dollars per month toward the child's support. The wife remarried and, two years after the divorce, joined in proceedings initiated by her new husband in a Texas court to adopt the child. The adoption petition alleged that, during the two-year period, petitioner had failed to support the child in a manner commensurate with his ability. Under Texas law, proof of such a charge against a natural father makes his consent to the adoption of his child unnecessary. …
Silverstein: Defense Of The Poor In Criminal Cases In American State Courts, John F. Grady
Silverstein: Defense Of The Poor In Criminal Cases In American State Courts, John F. Grady
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Defense of the Poor in Criminal Cases in American State Courts by Lee Silverstein
Dickerson: The Fundamentals Of Legal Drafting, George P. Smith Ii
Dickerson: The Fundamentals Of Legal Drafting, George P. Smith Ii
Michigan Law Review
A Review of The Fundamentals of Legal Drafting by Reed Dickerson
Eleventh Amendment, Judicial Code, And Federal Rules Of Civil Procedure Restrict Ability Of United States To Implead A State In Connection With Suit Commenced By A Private Citizen--Parks V. United States, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Suit was brought by an individual against the United States under the Federal Tort Claims Act to recover compensation for property damage alleged to have been caused by the Government's negligence in constructing and maintaining the physical components\ of a flood-control project in New York. Relying upon New York's promise to hold the United States harmless on any liability arising from damage of this nature, the Government impleaded the state. On a motion before the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York to dismiss the state as a third-party defendant, held, motion granted. The Federal …
Schur: Crimes Without Victims: Deviant Behavior And Public Policy, Mauris M. Platkin M.D.
Schur: Crimes Without Victims: Deviant Behavior And Public Policy, Mauris M. Platkin M.D.
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Crimes Without Victims: Deviant Behavior and Public Policy by Edwin M. Schur
Haines: The Revival Of Natural Law Concepts, Edwin W. Tucker
Haines: The Revival Of Natural Law Concepts, Edwin W. Tucker
Michigan Law Review
A Review of The Revival of Natural Law Concepts by Charles Grove Haines
Television Sponsor And Advertising Agency Held Vicariously Liable For Copyright Infringement--Davis V. E.I. Dupont De Nemours & Co., Michigan Law Review
Television Sponsor And Advertising Agency Held Vicariously Liable For Copyright Infringement--Davis V. E.I. Dupont De Nemours & Co., Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
DuPont sponsored a dramatization of Edith Wharton's novel Ethan Frome presented by the CBS television network. Petitioner claimed an infringement of his earlier copyrighted dramatization of the same novel and sought a declaration of liability against CBS, the producer of the program, DuPont, and its advertising agency, Batten, Barton, Durstine & Osborn, Inc. (BBDO). Although DuPont and BBDO were notified before the performance of the possibility of copyright infringement liability and could have stopped the producers from using petitioner's play, they made no attempt to interfere. In petitioner's action in the federal district court, DuPont and BBDO contended that they …
James: Civil Procedure, Jon R. Waltz
James: Civil Procedure, Jon R. Waltz
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Civil Procedure by Fleming James, Jr.
Holt: Magna Carta, James F. Traer
Holt: Magna Carta, James F. Traer
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Magna Carta by James C. Holt
Income Tax-Deductions-Lessor's Amortization Of The Amount By Which The Purchase Price Of Improved Realty Exceeds The Appraised Value Of Land-Bender V.United States, Michigan Law Review
Income Tax-Deductions-Lessor's Amortization Of The Amount By Which The Purchase Price Of Improved Realty Exceeds The Appraised Value Of Land-Bender V.United States, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Taxpayer, upon being informed that his tenant would not renew his lease unless he could be assured of additional parking facilities, purchased three lots adjacent to the leasehold and immediately demolished the houses thereon in order to provide the necessary space. Since the owners of these residential properties knew of taxpayer's special need, taxpayer was forced to pay substantially more than the total appraised value of the land. In computing his income tax, taxpayer sought to amortize over the life of the lease the cost of razing the buildings and the amount of the purchase price in excess of the …
Privacy In Connecticut, Arthur E. Sutherland
Privacy In Connecticut, Arthur E. Sutherland
Michigan Law Review
Occasionally a judgment of our Supreme Court, delivered in a superficially petty case, suddenly before our startled eyes displays fundamentals of our constitutional theory. Thus, in Griswold v. Connecticut, holding unconstitutional an 1879 Connecticut statute forbidding all persons to use contraceptive devices, the Court found it necessary to discover a "right of privacy" latent in the Bill of Rights and incorporated into the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment. The outcome of the case is satisfying; all nine Justices joined in saying, in one way or another, that Connecticut's statute was nonsense. I am happy to see this …