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Articles 3421 - 3450 of 4288
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Waters And Watercourses-Right Of Public Passage Along Great Lakes Beaches
Waters And Watercourses-Right Of Public Passage Along Great Lakes Beaches
Michigan Law Review
May the littoral owner whose summer cottage abuts on one of the Great Lakes bring actions of trespass quare clausum against pedestrians who traverse the sand beach which lies at the aquatic terminus of his property? To state the same problem in different form, may he build a lateral line fence designed to exclude the public from that segment of the lake-side beach which he claims as his? The question has never been directly decided by the supreme court of any State, yet it is a source of constant strife between littoral owners who desire privacy and seclusion, and strolling …
Public Utility Valuation - Rate Base
Public Utility Valuation - Rate Base
Michigan Law Review
The California Railroad Commission, in conducting a hearing in 1930 on natural gas rates charged by the Los Angeles Gas and Electric Corporation, found that the "historical value" of the utility was $60,704,000, and that its "fair value" for rate-making purposes was $65,000,000. This fair. value figure included no specific allowance for going concern value. The company's engineers had estimated the fair value at $95,000,000, on the basis of the "present cost of reproduction" theory. The commission, relying on its fair value figure of $65,000,000, ordered a rate reduction. A three-judge federal court refused to enjoin the enforcement of the …
Constitutional Law--Due Process--Martial Law
Constitutional Law--Due Process--Martial Law
Michigan Law Review
The Texas Railroad Commission ordered a limitation of oil production in the East Texas field. Governor Sterling of that State issued a proclamation declaring martial law in the district and setting forth the existence of "a state of insurrection, tumult, riot and breach of the peace," and sent in troops to enforce the orders of the commission. A temporary injunction was issued restraining the commission's action but the governor continued, through the troops, to limit oil production. Such action was sought to be enjoined in the federal courts. The lower court granted the injunction. The decree was affirmed on the …
Constitutional Law-Force And Effect Of Clauses Providing For Payment Of Private Indebtedness In Gold
Constitutional Law-Force And Effect Of Clauses Providing For Payment Of Private Indebtedness In Gold
Michigan Law Review
A recent English case decided in the Court of Appeal, In re Société lntercommunale Belge D'Eléctricité, Feist v. The Company, suggests questions of interesting application to American constitutional law. In that case a debtor's obligation specified payment "in sterling in gold coin of the United Kingdom of or equal to the standard of weight and fineness existing on September 1, 1928." When payment became due, however, gold was no longer available - England had discontinued gold payments and left the gold monetary standard, gold was subject to being commandeered by the government, and gold coins were redeemable at …
Subrogation -An Equitable Device For Achieving Preferences And Priorities
Subrogation -An Equitable Device For Achieving Preferences And Priorities
Michigan Law Review
Courts are seldom embarrassed in modern times by the poverty of their resources. On the contrary, with the multiplication of "substantive law" formulae and of new procedural devices, their difficulties more often result from the embarrassment of overwhelming riches. This statement may be best illustrated by a brief review of the equitable devices for achieving preferences and priorities, which have developed so rapidly within the last fifty years and have surmounted almost completely the artificial barriers of legal doctrine. In this field the chief effort of the courts must now be not to develop new machinery, but to reexamine the …
Public Policy And The Arrest Of Felons, John Barker Waite
Public Policy And The Arrest Of Felons, John Barker Waite
Michigan Law Review
Under the judicial rulings of a score of States, it may happen that a man is arrested for the crime of carrying concealed weapons, that irrefutable evidence of guilt is found upon him, and that he nevertheless evades conviction and punishment because the courts will not permit the evidence to be used. It not only may happen; it does actually occur with shocking and incredible frequency. Yet oddly enough this practice appears to be in flat conflict with the statute law of some of those States and with the provisions of the model Code of Criminal Procedure recently approved by …
Control Of Securities Selling, Watson Washburn
Control Of Securities Selling, Watson Washburn
Michigan Law Review
President Roosevelt in his inaugural address stated as one of the most important immediate necessities of the country "a strict supervision of all banking and credits and investments." This statement is in line with his campaign criticism of the failure of the Republican national administration to check the inordinate inflation of security prices in 1929. There is no doubt that the President's program in this respect received a sympathetic hearing throughout the country. Many state legislatures are now considering changes in state laws regulating securities. It is interesting that some States with rigid blue sky laws seem to be quite …
Federal Trade Commission - False And Misleading Advertising
Federal Trade Commission - False And Misleading Advertising
Michigan Law Review
The law provided neither practical remedies nor suitable means of preventing false and misleading advertising before the passage of the Federal Trade Commission Act in 1914. The doctrine of caveat emptor had long prevented the effectual protection of misled customers and of competitors consequently injured. True, competitors could enjoin or recover damages-for injury by misleading advertising which took the form of common law "unfair competition." The courts had found no great difficulty in extending established common law principles to make unlawful such obvious violations of the proprietary rights of particular competitors as "simulation" and "disparagement." Although there is little question …
Criminal Law And Procedure-Jury As Judge Of Law In Criminal Cases
Criminal Law And Procedure-Jury As Judge Of Law In Criminal Cases
Michigan Law Review
The defendant was indicted under a criminal statute making it a misdemeanor for agents and officers to transact business for any foreign corporation which had failed to comply with certain statutory requirements for conducting business in Maryland. The trial judge instructed the jury that if they believed the evidence to he true he was of the opinion that the defendant was an agent within the meaning of the statute. He cautioned them, however, that they were by article 15, sec. 5, of the constitution made judges of the law as well as fact and that his opinion as to the …
Book Notes And Notices
Michigan Law Review
This department undertakes to list and, when possible, describe briefly current books on law.
Practice And Procedure - Conditional Judgments At Law - Validity And Advantages
Practice And Procedure - Conditional Judgments At Law - Validity And Advantages
Michigan Law Review
Some modern courts have asserted and many lawyers have assumed that in common law actions a court can not render a judgment conditional in form. It is argued that the court is without jurisdiction so to decide a case, and that in any event the common law has never recognized such a form of judgment as valid. The first point is not so difficult to disprove, and the second, so far as actual decision is concerned, is clearly incorrect." In several early cases common law courts were willing not only to stay execution of judgments until conditions were performed, but …
Undiscovered Fraud And Statutes Of Limitation, John P. Dawson
Undiscovered Fraud And Statutes Of Limitation, John P. Dawson
Michigan Law Review
Statutes of limitation are framed in terms of the interval between the accrual of a "cause of action" and the filing of suit. How far is the operation of this mathematical formula varied by the circumstance that the existence of the cause of action was for some time unknown to the suitor? In most American States statutes have given a partial answer to the question, but in uncertain terms. There, as well as in States where statutes are silent, an effort to provide a full and final answer would face a tangled web of history and legal doctrine, interwoven with …
Corporations - Interference With The Internal Affairs Of A Foreign Corporation
Corporations - Interference With The Internal Affairs Of A Foreign Corporation
Michigan Law Review
The quaint cliché, "interference with the internal affairs of a foreign corporation," has sufficiently dominated judicial decisions to merit an exalted place in what Justice Cardozo has called "the tyranny of tags and tickets." A frequently adopted analysis for the purpose of determining whether the court will hear the cause allegedly involving internal affairs confines the inquiry of the court to the application of a test laid down by the Maryland court about a half century ago.
Appeal And Error - Application For Separate Trials - Nature Of Order Denying
Appeal And Error - Application For Separate Trials - Nature Of Order Denying
Michigan Law Review
The decedent was riding with his brother as a guest when a collision with another automobile caused his death. The executrix of his estate sued his brother and the driver of the other car jointly. The defendants were suable jointly for their concurring negligences but a statute authorized the court in its discretion to allow separate trials. Upon an appeal from an order overruling an application by the defendants for separate trials the court held that it was an "intermediate order involving the merits or materially affecting the final decision" and thus directly appealable. Manley v. Paysen, (Iowa 1932) …
Book Notes And Notices
Michigan Law Review
This department undertakes to list and, when possible, describe briefly current books on law.
Workmen's Compensation - Dependents - Children Born After The Injury
Workmen's Compensation - Dependents - Children Born After The Injury
Michigan Law Review
A proceeding was brought under the workmen's compensation act of Virginia by the widow of a deceased employee on behalf of herself and children. Between the date of the injury and death of the employee he became the father of two children for whom compensation is now sought. The Industrial Commission denied them compensation, and in affirming the decision the supreme court held that under the Virginia statutes a person is entitled to compensation only if "dependent at the time of injury," hence the two children are not dependents within the statute and are not entitled to compensation. Hotton, Brown …
Banks And Banking -Trust Companies - Deposit Of Trust Funds By Corporate Trustee In Own Banking Department
Michigan Law Review
The appearance of the corporate fiduciary, the trust company, in the modern banking and business world has, because of its peculiar composite structure, been attended by some confusion in the application to it of certain rules designed for the administration of trusts by private persons as trustees. The trust company maintains a department which acts as trustee, executor under wills, and in such other capacities as a natural fiduciary might assume; and in addition there usually exists, within the same corporate structure, a commercial and savings banking business. Each of these departments is capable of dealing with the other as …
Limitation Of Actions And The Conflict Of Laws, Edgar H. Ailes
Limitation Of Actions And The Conflict Of Laws, Edgar H. Ailes
Michigan Law Review
All civilized States, in the interest of an efficient administration of justice, have felt compelled to fix time limits beyond which access to their courts would be denied to aggrieved parties. Interest reipublicae ut sit finis litium. This was true even of Roman law in which actions were normally perpetual. Since the limitations enacted by various legislatures differ widely, and since debts are transitory, permitting suit wherever the creditor can find the debtor (at least in countries where the Common Law prevails), it is of the first practical importance that definite rules of Conflict of Laws be evolved to …
The Value Of Sociology To Law, Robert C. Angell
The Value Of Sociology To Law, Robert C. Angell
Michigan Law Review
There has been a good deal said about a sociological approach to law and, as time goes by, more and more attempts are being made to turn words into action. There is a definite trend toward the tise of the sociologist, his research methods, his findings, or his body of principles by those concerned with the law. It may not be amiss, therefore, for a sociologist to inquire what the possibilities of this trend really are. Though, in certain respects, he may be less well equipped for this task than the student of law, he at least has the advantage …
International Law Problems In The Extradition Of Samuel Insull
International Law Problems In The Extradition Of Samuel Insull
Michigan Law Review
Considerable interest was aroused by the press announcement of October 4, 1932, that Samuel Insull, former utilities magnate, had been indicted by an Illinois grand jury on charges of embezzlement and larceny and that his extradition from France, where he was then sojourning, would be requested. The seventy-four year old fugitive displayed unusual vigor in surreptitiously leaving Paris by train for Italy, where he boarded an airplane for Greece. He arrived in Athens on October 9, 1932, just one day after the request for his extradition reached Paris. On the following day he was arrested by the Greek authorities on …
Trust Receipts
Michigan Law Review
That the conflict between the convenience of business and the rigidity of the law continually brings about modifications and expansions of legal doctrine is nowhere better illustrated than in the field of commercial financing. A merchant wishes to purchase goods; he has no funds or available unencumbered property for security; his general credit is too poor to warrant either the manufacturer or a bank in making advances without security. How can the manufacturer give the merchant possession and power of sale of the goods and yet retain a legal hold on them or their proceeds as security for the payment …
Carriers - Misdelivery
Michigan Law Review
An impostor represented himself to P, a dealer in live stock, as Will Buntrock, a substantial South Dakota farmer. P, after being satisfied as to the identity of the person with whom he was dealing face to face, took from him a property statement which proved to be correct according to the South Dakota records. A contract for the sale of certain cattle was made between P and the impostor. The impostor gave P a promissory note for the contract price plus the freight charges, and a chattel mortgage on the stock purchased. P delivered the cattle to …
Criminal Law And Procedure - Searches And Seizures - Sufficiency Of Description In Warrant
Criminal Law And Procedure - Searches And Seizures - Sufficiency Of Description In Warrant
Michigan Law Review
Prosecuted for unlawful possession of liquor, defendant moved to suppress the evidence on the ground that the following description in the warrant, under authority of which the liquor was seized, fails sufficiently to describe the premises searched: " . . . on the northwest cor. in Block 'A,' Robinson Addition in the City or Town of Elk City (Cor. 9th and Oliver Sts. Beckham County, State of Oklahoma)." Block A was originally not subdivided and was without streets. It was later subdivided and 9th and Oliver Streets crossed near the center of the block. The house searched was on Lot …
Parties- Joinder Of Master And Servant As Defendants
Parties- Joinder Of Master And Servant As Defendants
Michigan Law Review
This was an action against the owner of a taxicab and his driver for damages caused by the negligence of the driver in the course of his employment. A motion for a directed verdict on the ground of misjoinder was overruled. Held, error. Knox v. Redwine, (App. D. C. 1932) 59 F. (2d) 304.
Public Utilities - Certificate Of Convenience And Necessity - Court Review Of Orders Of Commission
Public Utilities - Certificate Of Convenience And Necessity - Court Review Of Orders Of Commission
Michigan Law Review
A telephone company petitioned the railroad commission for a certificate of convenience and necessity and for authority to extend its lines into territory already served by another company. The application was denied by the commission, but upon appeal the circuit court set aside the order. The supreme court held that the orders or determinations of the commission in such matters will not be disturbed by the courts unless unreasonable in the sense that reasonable men might not well differ with respect to their correctness. Union Co-operative Telephone Company v. Public Service Commission of Wisconsin, 206 Wis. 160, 239 N. …
The Contribution Of Thomas M. Cooley To Bryce's "American Commonwealth", Everett S. Brown
The Contribution Of Thomas M. Cooley To Bryce's "American Commonwealth", Everett S. Brown
Michigan Law Review
In the preface to The American Commonwealth, James Bryce acknowledged his indebtedness to numerous friends who, in one way or other, aided him in the writing of his book. First on this list is the name of Thomas M. Cooley. An examination of the text and footnotes of The American Commonwealth shows that Bryce was well acquainted with Cooley's published works, especially his Constitutional Limitations and his General Principles of Constitutional Law, which he quoted frequently with approval and respect. Also one finds six references to letters from Judge Cooley or to observations made directly by him to Bryce. But …
The Fifteen Mill Tax Amendment And Its Effect, E. Blythe Stason
The Fifteen Mill Tax Amendment And Its Effect, E. Blythe Stason
Michigan Law Review
This article, dealing with problems arising under the Michigan Tax Limitation Amendment, should be of general interest. The movement to reduce taxes on property is nation-wide, as Mr. Stason says. One form which the movement has taken has been to limit, by constitutional provision, the amount of tax which may be levied on property. Seventeen States already have such limitations and others may be expected to give consideration to like measures
Practice And Procedure - Declaratory Judgment
Practice And Procedure - Declaratory Judgment
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff brought an action under the Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act to be adjudged the lawful child of J. C., deceased. A demurrer upon the grounds that no cause of action was stated and that the court lacked jurisdiction of the subject matter was sustained. On appeal, held, error. The question of status can be determined under the Act independent of any controversy relating to other rights. Miller v. Currie, (Wis. 1932) 242 N. W. 570.
Bills And Notes-Liability Of An Acceptor On An Altered Instrument
Bills And Notes-Liability Of An Acceptor On An Altered Instrument
Michigan Law Review
Section 62 of the N. I. L. (Uniform Negotiable Instruments Law) provides: "The acceptor by accepting the instrument engages that he will pay it according to the tenor of his acceptance; and admits,-- (1) The existence of the drawer, the genuineness of his signature, and his capacity and authority to draw the instrument, and (2) The existence of the payee and his then capacity to indorse." A recent California case decided that by force of this section, a bank certifying and paying a check on which the payee's name had been changed could not recover the money from the holder …
Insurance - Civil Death Of Insured As Effecting Acceleration Of Endowment Policy
Insurance - Civil Death Of Insured As Effecting Acceleration Of Endowment Policy
Michigan Law Review
An endowment policy was made payable to insured if he should live to the policy anniversary date next preceding his sixtieth birthday, otherwise to his executors or administrators. Four years after the policy was taken out, insured was sentenced to life imprisonment for killing his wife. A statute provided that the estate of a person incarcerated for life "shall be administered upon and distributed, and his contracts and relations to persons and things are affected, in all respects, as if he were dead." In an action on the policy by the administrator of insured, held, that imprisonment of insured …