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Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

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Information Literacy, Self-Concept And Metacognitive Ability Of Teacher-Librarians At The University Of Zululand, Oluwole Olumide Durodolu Dr Feb 2018

Information Literacy, Self-Concept And Metacognitive Ability Of Teacher-Librarians At The University Of Zululand, Oluwole Olumide Durodolu Dr

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The research scrutinises information literacy, self-concept and metacognitive ability of teacher-librarians at the University of Zululand, South Africa. A total of one hundred and ten (110) copies of questionnaire were distributed among second-year teacher-librarians, out of which fifty-seven (57) copies were returned with valuable responses, giving a response rate of 51.8%. The study chronicled basic issues that concern self-efficacy, personal knowledge, task and procedural knowledge, strategic and declarative knowledge, conditional knowledge and planning ability of teachers. The research revealed, amongst other things, that the teacher-librarians lacked the ability to use computer applications unaided. The teacher-librarians also acknowledged that they had …


Influence Of Performance Expectancy And Facilitating Conditions On Use Of Digital Library By Engineering Lecturers In Universities In South-West, Nigeria, Saheed Hamzat, Iyabo Manawonku Feb 2018

Influence Of Performance Expectancy And Facilitating Conditions On Use Of Digital Library By Engineering Lecturers In Universities In South-West, Nigeria, Saheed Hamzat, Iyabo Manawonku

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Digital library (DL) is an important information system which provides all-encompassing benefits to various stakeholders in scholarship and research through its provision of access to immediate and up-to-date information resources. The review of literature indicated low use of this system by engineering lecturers owing to system characteristics; and pay little or no attention to factors such as Performance Expectancy (PE) and Facilitating Conditions (FC) on the use of this system by engineering lecturers in universities. This study therefore investigated the influence of performance expectancy and facilitating conditions on the use of digital library by engineering lecturers in universities in South-west, …


Online Health Information Seeking Behavior Among Iranian Pregnant Women: A Case Study, Ronak Hamzehei, Maryam Kazerani (Corresponding Author), Maryam Shekofteh, Manoochehr Karami Feb 2018

Online Health Information Seeking Behavior Among Iranian Pregnant Women: A Case Study, Ronak Hamzehei, Maryam Kazerani (Corresponding Author), Maryam Shekofteh, Manoochehr Karami

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the health information seeking behavior, applicability and the evaluation of health information obtained from the Internet by Iranian pregnant women.

Design and setting: The present study was descriptive-survey. The study population included 196 pregnant women in different gestational months referred to hospitals with Obstetrics and Gynecology ward in Hamadan, Iran on September and October in 2016 who were selected based on stratified random sampling method. The data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire.

Findings: Most pregnant women, while facing with pregnancy problems, seek out health information from the Internet and they often trust …


Identifying The Components Of International Social Cataloging Sites In Users And Experts Perspective, Fatemeh Mohammadbeigi, Atefeh Zarei, Alireza Isfandyari-Moghaddam Feb 2018

Identifying The Components Of International Social Cataloging Sites In Users And Experts Perspective, Fatemeh Mohammadbeigi, Atefeh Zarei, Alireza Isfandyari-Moghaddam

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Abstract

The purpose of this thesis is to identify the Components of International Social Cataloging Sites in users and expert's perspective by exploring the wourlds most visited populer social cataloging sites.This is an applied research and the research method is library and descriptive scrolling. First, by reviewing the scientific literature and resources, a list consists of 14 criteria (display features, screen organization, search facilities, links, options and visual icons, text customization, user help and guidance, error messages , The possibility of interaction and feedback, user interface language, user control, template types (format), resources available on the site, the possibility of …


Identifying Components Of International Social Cataloging Sites To Present Criteria For Native Model, Fatemeh Mohammadbeigi, Atefeh Zarei, Alireza Isfandyari-Moghaddam Feb 2018

Identifying Components Of International Social Cataloging Sites To Present Criteria For Native Model, Fatemeh Mohammadbeigi, Atefeh Zarei, Alireza Isfandyari-Moghaddam

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to provide criteria for native model of social cataloging sites based on the world's most visited, popular social cataloging site's components. Social cataloging sites are a kind of web-based social media that allows users to interact. This is an applied research and the research method is library and descriptive scrolling. First, by reviewing the scientific literature and resources, a list consists of 14 criteria which included 73 extracted components, then finalized in Delphi and evaluated was used. The community studied also includes three social cataloging sites, which have the most visitors on the …


E-Library Resources And Services: Improvement And Innovation Of Access And Retrieval For Effective Research Activities In University E-Libraries In Kogi State Nigeria, Wisdom O. Anyim Feb 2018

E-Library Resources And Services: Improvement And Innovation Of Access And Retrieval For Effective Research Activities In University E-Libraries In Kogi State Nigeria, Wisdom O. Anyim

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Abstract

Purpose: The study was carried out to investigate the e-library resources and services: improvement and innovation of access and retrieval for effective research activities in university e-libraries in Kogi State Nigeria.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The descriptive survey research design was adopted for this study. Six objectives and six research questions were formulated to guide the study. A total population of the study was 240 users of university e-libraries in Kogi State was studied without sample and they are 15 postgraduate students and 35 academic staff of Salem University (SU) Lokoja; 70 postgraduate students and 60 academic staff of Kogi State …


Effect Of Social Media On Academic Performance Of Students In Ghanaian Universities: A Case Study Of University Of Ghana, Legon., Bernard John Kolan, Patience Emefa Dzandza Feb 2018

Effect Of Social Media On Academic Performance Of Students In Ghanaian Universities: A Case Study Of University Of Ghana, Legon., Bernard John Kolan, Patience Emefa Dzandza

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This research work was conducted to investigate the effects of social media on academic performance of students in university of Ghana. The type of research adopted was descriptive survey and the instrument for data collection was the questionnaire. A total sample size of two hundred (200) using cluster sampling technique of probability sampling was used to acquire the relevant data from the population. The findings of the study showed that a number of students are addicted to social media and this was found to be detrimental to their academic life despite its importance on students’ academic life such as disseminating …


Implementation Of 5s Methodology In Public Libraries: Readiness Assessment, Zahra Bahadorpoor, Masoumeh Tajafari, Azam Sanatjoo Feb 2018

Implementation Of 5s Methodology In Public Libraries: Readiness Assessment, Zahra Bahadorpoor, Masoumeh Tajafari, Azam Sanatjoo

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The main aim of this study is to investigate the readiness rate for implementing the 5S methodology in one of the greatest ancient public libraries in Iran and the Islamic world. The other objectives of this study are to determine the necessity and possibility of the 5S implementation in this library. The target population included all librarians, 110 people, working in the library departments who are in direct contact with users, out of whom 86 ones were selected randomly. After holding a training workshop on 5S, required data was collected by a self-made questionnaire. The research findings show that the …


Newspaper Citation In Scholarly Publications: A Study On Financial Times Newspaper During 2001-2010 As Reflected In Web Of Science, Angom Jeevan Singh, Dr. S. Ravikumar Feb 2018

Newspaper Citation In Scholarly Publications: A Study On Financial Times Newspaper During 2001-2010 As Reflected In Web Of Science, Angom Jeevan Singh, Dr. S. Ravikumar

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

No abstract provided.


Influence Of Performance Expectancy And Facilitating Conditions On Use Of Digital Library By Engineering Lecturers In Universities In South-West, Nigeria, Saheed Hamzat, Iyabo Mabawonku Feb 2018

Influence Of Performance Expectancy And Facilitating Conditions On Use Of Digital Library By Engineering Lecturers In Universities In South-West, Nigeria, Saheed Hamzat, Iyabo Mabawonku

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Digital library (DL) is an important information system which provides all-encompassing benefits to various stakeholders in scholarship and research through its provision of access to immediate and up-to-date information resources. The review of literature indicated low use of this system by engineering lecturers owing to system characteristics; and pay little or no attention to factors such as Performance Expectancy (PE) and Facilitating Conditions (FC) on the use of this system by engineering lecturers in universities. This study therefore investigated the influence of performance expectancy and facilitating conditions on the use of digital library by engineering lecturers in universities in South-west, …


Evaluation Of Nigeria Universities Websites Quality: A Comparative Analysis, Sunday Adewale Olaleye, Ismaila Temitayo Sanusi, Dandison C. Ukpabi, Adekunle Okunoye Feb 2018

Evaluation Of Nigeria Universities Websites Quality: A Comparative Analysis, Sunday Adewale Olaleye, Ismaila Temitayo Sanusi, Dandison C. Ukpabi, Adekunle Okunoye

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The use and continuous use of the website in the developed countries universities are predominant, and the developing countries universities are heightening their effort in the aspect of education technology. The reason why one university website is better than the other concerning quality and accessibility is the focus of this study and this prompt evaluation of 141 Universities in Nigeria across the Federal, State, and the Private ownership. We opted for a hybrid approach to cover the gap in the previous studies. WebQual and SITEQUAL as a framework is adopted based on the web analytical tools. The study contributes theoretically …


A Study On Positive Attitude Towards Contribution In Institutional Repository System Among The Faculty Members, Sankar P Mr, Kavitha E S Dr Feb 2018

A Study On Positive Attitude Towards Contribution In Institutional Repository System Among The Faculty Members, Sankar P Mr, Kavitha E S Dr

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Each educational institution will define which their potential authors are, depending on the documents that it decides to include in the repository. The study aimed to study the perception on various factors of academic parameters to deposit in the Institutional Repositories System. Majorities of the institutions had institutional repositories and three fourth of the respondents were depositing their works in their institutional repositories. The study noticed that there is a significant difference between experienced in depositing in IR and their willingness factor of advocacy, accessibility, altruistic intention and positive impact of self-archiving. It is inferred that among the professional recognition …


Artificial Intelligence(Ai) Application In Library Systems In Iran: A Taxonomy Study, Asefeh Asemi, Adeleh Asemi Feb 2018

Artificial Intelligence(Ai) Application In Library Systems In Iran: A Taxonomy Study, Asefeh Asemi, Adeleh Asemi

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

With introducing and developing AI logic, this science as a branch of computer science could impact and improve all sciences which used computer systems. LIS also could get benefit from AI in many areas. This paper survey applications of AI in library and information science and introduce the potential of library system to apply AI techniques. Intelligent systems have contributed for many librarian purposes like cataloging, indexing, information retrieval, reference, and other purposes. We applied Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) as a primer method for identification of the most applicable AI techniques categories in LIS. ESs are the most usable intelligent …


Expectations On Library Services, Library Quality (Libqual) Dimension And Library Customer Satisfaction: Relationship To Customer Loyalty, Arlyn Selga Cristobal Jan 2018

Expectations On Library Services, Library Quality (Libqual) Dimension And Library Customer Satisfaction: Relationship To Customer Loyalty, Arlyn Selga Cristobal

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This study examined the library users’ minimum acceptable, desired, and actual observed service performance level of the University of Saint Louis (USL) College Library along the four service quality dimensions: access to information (AI), affect of service (AS), library as place (LP) and information control (IC). It also sought to determine the interrelationships of library service quality, satisfaction with library services, and loyalty to library and its services. This study utilized a questionnaire ased on (a) the LIbQUAL™ 2003 by the Academic and Research Libraries (ARL) and Texas A&M University Libraries; (b) satisfaction on library services; and (c) loyalty measures. …


Utilization Of Library Resources By Lecturers In University Of Cape Coast, Kwaku Anhwere Barfi Mr., Paulina Afful-Arthur Mrs, Emmanuel Manu Agyapong Mr Jan 2018

Utilization Of Library Resources By Lecturers In University Of Cape Coast, Kwaku Anhwere Barfi Mr., Paulina Afful-Arthur Mrs, Emmanuel Manu Agyapong Mr

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This research work was designed to examine the utilization of library resources by lecturers in University of Cape Coast. The objective of the study was to find out the level of availability of library materials in the university, and determine the extent of use of the materials by lecturers. It is also to find out factors that impede lecturer’s use of the library and make recommendations for improvement. A descriptive survey was used for the study. In all, 200 lecturers were selected for the study. The lecturers were selected using random sampling. Statistical tools used for the analysis were frequency …


Establishing And Analyzing The Pattern Of Relationships In Co-Authorship Networks: The Case Study Of Scientific Productions Of Researchers At Kerman University Of Medical Sciences, Safieh Tahmasebi Limoni, Oranus Tajedini, Ali Sadatmoosavi Jan 2018

Establishing And Analyzing The Pattern Of Relationships In Co-Authorship Networks: The Case Study Of Scientific Productions Of Researchers At Kerman University Of Medical Sciences, Safieh Tahmasebi Limoni, Oranus Tajedini, Ali Sadatmoosavi

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Abstract:

Introduction: The purpose of this research is to evaluate the co-authorship network of researchers of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. This assessment includes a look at the co-authorship, patterns of co-writing, researchers' outputs, authors ranking, map drawing of the co-authorship network, comparing the network of co-writing of the medical field with other domains, main component and key researchers, review The fit of the network of the co-writing of medical researchers with the small world theory, as well as person-centered indicators such as degree centrality, between centrality, closeness centrality Eigenvector, vector centrality, beta centrality, and interstitial centrality. Method …


Measuring The Research Output Of Indian Institute Of Technology (Iits) With Special Reference To Web Of Science (Wos) Database: A Bibliometric Approach, Amit Kumar, Monika Singh, Chaman Ranjan Jan 2018

Measuring The Research Output Of Indian Institute Of Technology (Iits) With Special Reference To Web Of Science (Wos) Database: A Bibliometric Approach, Amit Kumar, Monika Singh, Chaman Ranjan

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Abstract:

Purpose: The study is an attempt to measure the research output of Indian Institute Technology (IITs) in quantitative manner as appeared in Web of Science (WoS) database from 1989 – 2018 (14.09.2018). In addition to measure the research output, the study aims to investigate the contribution made by the IITs, the most productive authors and their collaborative attitude with highly cited articles etc.

Design/Methodology/Approach: To accomplish the objectives of the study, the relevant data for the study was obtained from Web of Science (WoS) database. The bibliographical data were recorded in MS-Excel 2007 sheet for the analysis and …


Self-Citations In Iaslic Bulletin, Gurjeet Kaur Kaur Jan 2018

Self-Citations In Iaslic Bulletin, Gurjeet Kaur Kaur

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The basic purpose of this study is to investigate the self-citations appearing in IASLIC Bulletin during 2005-2017. It was found that more than 30% of the articles carry self-citations. The rate of self-citations is 5.81% only. The per-cent of author self-citations, author/journal self-citations and journal self-citations was 53.89%, 2.59% and 43.52% respectively. There were 36 authors who had self-cited only once. The highest self-citing author was P Mukhopadhyay with 10 self-citations followed by A K Bandhopadhyay and B Roy with 8 self-citations each, all from University of Burdwan, West Bengal. Journals (62.7%) were the most self-cited documents. Most of the …


The Use Of Electronic Resources Postgraduate Students Of The University Of Cape Coast, Ebenezer Ankrah, Diana Atuase Jan 2018

The Use Of Electronic Resources Postgraduate Students Of The University Of Cape Coast, Ebenezer Ankrah, Diana Atuase

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Developments in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have radically taken over every sphere of activity in university libraries. Academic libraries owe it a key duty to keep pace with technological advancement in order to cope with users’ continual sophisticated information requirements. The main purpose of this study was to examine the use of electronic resources by postgraduate students of the University of Cape Coast, and with a view of giving recommendations based on findings. The major objectives of the study are: (1) To determine postgraduate students’ awareness of electronic resources in the library. (2) To find out the frequency of …


Analysis Of Doctoral Thesis Citation Patterns: A Case Study Of The Sam Jonah Library, Ghana., Imoro Osman, Anankyela Anaba Alemna, Mariyama Abdulai Kumah Jan 2018

Analysis Of Doctoral Thesis Citation Patterns: A Case Study Of The Sam Jonah Library, Ghana., Imoro Osman, Anankyela Anaba Alemna, Mariyama Abdulai Kumah

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

No abstract provided.


Researchers' Scientific Performance In Researchgate: The Case Of A Technology University, Farahnaz Naderbeigi, Alireza Isfandyari-Moghaddam Jan 2018

Researchers' Scientific Performance In Researchgate: The Case Of A Technology University, Farahnaz Naderbeigi, Alireza Isfandyari-Moghaddam

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

With the advancement of technology and changes made in the scientific communication model, changes have been made in scientific evaluation methods. New technologies offer indicators that measure all the actions and interactions of scientists in the digital environment and create new aspects of scientific communication. This work has some purposes; first, mapping profile of scientific activities of faculty members of Sharif University of Technology (SUT) in “ResearchGate” (RG), second, intend to test the correlation h-index between the RG and Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus and Google Scholar (GS). Third, investigate SUT faculty members’ top h cited research RG in …


The Study Of The Relationship Between Perceived Richness Of Information Resources At Academic Library And Attitude Towards Using Them, Mohammad Reza Farhadpoor Jan 2018

The Study Of The Relationship Between Perceived Richness Of Information Resources At Academic Library And Attitude Towards Using Them, Mohammad Reza Farhadpoor

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between perceived richness of information resources at academic library and the attitude to use them by students' of Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz; and conducted by an analytical survey method. Using stratified random sampling 380 students were selected and data were collected using researcher made questionnaire. Results showed that the students have no tendency (mean=3.2281) to use the information resources of library. Meanwhile, the library information resources in terms of update (mean=3.2281), accessibility (mean=3.1702), quality (mean=3.1342), transparency (mean=3.1325) and quick feedback ability (mean=3.1325) are above average and in a relatively favorable level; but, …


Impact Of Library And Information Science Master's Degree (Mlis) On The Graduates: A Case Study, Asefeh Asemi, Elham Aghajan Jan 2018

Impact Of Library And Information Science Master's Degree (Mlis) On The Graduates: A Case Study, Asefeh Asemi, Elham Aghajan

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Objective: The study aimed to examine the effect of MLIS degree on graduates in Iran from different dimensions. The study examined the effects of MLIS on scientific progress, the development of subject expertise, employment, individual characteristics, skills and capabilities, and scientific activities of Iran's graduates.

Method: The study was a descriptive-survey and researcher-made questionnaire is used for data collection. The population included all graduates MLIS in Iran that their information was available in, "Iranian Library and Information Studies Alumni Database". 212 persons are selected randomly out of 547. Data has been analyzed by SPSS software on both levels of descriptive …


Evaluation Of Library And Information Science (Lis) Professional Skills: A Case Study Of Dr. B R. Ambedkar Central Library, Jnu, New Delhi, India, Ajit Kumar Jan 2018

Evaluation Of Library And Information Science (Lis) Professional Skills: A Case Study Of Dr. B R. Ambedkar Central Library, Jnu, New Delhi, India, Ajit Kumar

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Skills are very essential for every professional, which help them to deliver services on time and in efficient manner to their users. In this article skills of the Library and Information Science Professionals of Dr. B. R. Amberdkar Central Library, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi has been evaluated based on the predefined skills required for the LIS professionals in new age’s library. It has been noticed that the LIS professional of this library has up to date their skills as per the demand of digital age.


Measuring User Need And Satisfaction: A Study Of Dhaka University Residential Hall Libraries, Bangladesh., Sazzadul Karim Jan 2018

Measuring User Need And Satisfaction: A Study Of Dhaka University Residential Hall Libraries, Bangladesh., Sazzadul Karim

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Users are the main attention of a library. Every library tries to meet the needs and requirements of its users. Knowing user needs and measuring their satisfaction is very important to ensure a better library service. Actually, library performance depends on the satisfaction of user towards services. For this purpose library authority needs to know the demands of its user first. The main objective of the study is to assess user’s needs and satisfaction of the residential hall libraries of the University of Dhaka. A survey questionnaire was developed and used to collect data on students’ demographics, their needs and …


Mapping And Analyzing The Co-Authorship And Thematic Networks Of Kurdistan University Of Medical Sciences In The Science Citation Database From 2011-2016, Masoumeh Ansari, Mostafa Karimi, Mehrdad Khaledian Jan 2018

Mapping And Analyzing The Co-Authorship And Thematic Networks Of Kurdistan University Of Medical Sciences In The Science Citation Database From 2011-2016, Masoumeh Ansari, Mostafa Karimi, Mehrdad Khaledian

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Abstract

Background: Considering the importance of co-authorship and thematic networks in expanding specialization and improving the quality of scientific works, the purpose of this research is to map and analyze the co-authorship and thematic networks of the Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in the Science Citation Database between years 2011-2016.

Method: Research society of scientific publications in Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, indexed in the science citation database between years 2011-2016. In order to analyze the data, Excel and HistCite software, and to map the networks and analyze them the Citespace and Gephi software were used.

Findings: …


Bibliometric Study Of Indian Open Access Social Science Literature, Deep Kumar Kirtania Jan 2018

Bibliometric Study Of Indian Open Access Social Science Literature, Deep Kumar Kirtania

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The purpose of this study is to trace out the growth and development of social science literature in open access environment published from India. Total 1195 open access papers published and indexed in Scopus database in ten years have considered for the present study. Research publication from 2008 to 2017 have been analyzed based on literature growth, authorship pattern, activity index, prolific authors and institutions, publication type, channel and citation count have examined to provide a clear picture of Indian social science research. The study shows the dominance of shared authorship and sixty percentages of total articles have been cited. …


Development Of An Integrated Vra Core Framework For Libraries, Sukumar Mandal Jan 2018

Development Of An Integrated Vra Core Framework For Libraries, Sukumar Mandal

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Metadata is one of the important concept in the field of digital technology throughout the higher education as well as research environment. Digital resource management is possible through open source standard and tool. This paper has select the metadata standard like Visual Resource Association (VRA) Core. Now the methodology is very simple to perform and add the different items in this system. Integrated this VRA Core metadata framework with the Omeka open source software for the better management of library resources. Apart from this it is also manage the Museum for cataloguing the different images with suitable metadata. This integrated …


Assessing The Role And Position Of The Online Public Access Catalogue (Opac) At Sam Jonah Library, University Of Cape Coast., Eugene Baah Yeboah Jan 2018

Assessing The Role And Position Of The Online Public Access Catalogue (Opac) At Sam Jonah Library, University Of Cape Coast., Eugene Baah Yeboah

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The study examines the Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) at the Head Library of the University of Cape Coast as an information seeking tool. The study aimed to find out the role the OPAC at the library plays in the information seeking pursuits of students and their general awareness and impressions about the facility. The descriptive survey design was used as the methodology with the population of the study totaling 1000. A simple random sampling of 110 students was chosen to represent the population. Results indicated the role the OPAC plays in facilitating access to information resources and publicizing same …


Accessibility And Types Of Online Sources Cited In Scholarly Biomedical Journal In Iran, Shahram Sedghi, Masoud Roudbari Prof, Maryam Haseli, Iman Tahamtan Jan 2018

Accessibility And Types Of Online Sources Cited In Scholarly Biomedical Journal In Iran, Shahram Sedghi, Masoud Roudbari Prof, Maryam Haseli, Iman Tahamtan

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

One type of frequently used references in scientific papers is online references. The aim of this study is to study the prevalence, accessibility and types of online sources in biomedical journals in Iran from 2010 to 2012. We analyzed online references cited in 401 articles from 21 scientific journals indexed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Findings revealed that only 73 papers (18.2%) had cited online sources in their references. of 186 online citations, 72 (38.7%) citations were accessible, and the URLs to 114 citations did not work (61.3%). The majority of unreachable citations were unstable citations (32.3%). Most …