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H-Infinity Based Full State Feedback Controller Design For Human Swing Leg, Hazem Ali, Azhar Abdulridha Aug 2026

H-Infinity Based Full State Feedback Controller Design For Human Swing Leg, Hazem Ali, Azhar Abdulridha

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this paper, the robustness properties of H-infinity control to produce a dynamic output feedback controller is applied to a human swing leg system. The double pendulum structure is usually used to model this system. The pendulum links will represent the thigh and shank of a human leg. The upper body will be connected to the thigh and then the shank via hip and knee joints. The muscles of thigh and shank are moved by applied two external (servomotor) torques at the hip and knee joints. The mathematical model of the system is developed. The results show that the proposed …

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Optimal Reconfiguration And Distributed Generation Placement In Baghdad Distribution Sector, Inaam Ibrahim Ali, Omar Saeed Aug 2026

Optimal Reconfiguration And Distributed Generation Placement In Baghdad Distribution Sector, Inaam Ibrahim Ali, Omar Saeed

Engineering and Technology Journal

The power losses in distribution system are high, which form 70 – 80% of total transmission and distribution losses. High losses have severe impact on stability, reliability as well as economy. Therefore, minimization of these losses is very necessary. In this paper proposed various schemes to reduce the active power losses in distribution network, given as:- Optimum reconfiguration network,- Optimum Distributed Generation (DG) placement and- Optimum reconfiguration with optimum (DG) placement.Using Cymdist software to implement the optimal reconfiguration algorithm and proposed Genetic Algorithm (GA) to find the size and location, which programmed under MATLAB software package. Whereon the proposed methodology …

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Studying Of Buckling Behavior On Composite Material, Manal Jasem, Awatif Ali Aug 2026

Studying Of Buckling Behavior On Composite Material, Manal Jasem, Awatif Ali

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this paper the buckling behavior of composite specimen manufactured from polyester reinforced with fiberglass, jute fiber and eggshell powder were studied. Several samples with rectangular cross section area of (1.5*19) mm are prepared with length of (400, 500, and600) mm and with addition weight ratio of (5%) of different material for reinforcement, used for tensile and buckling test. Different types of natural and synthetic materials (matrix and random glass fibers (are used first without any addition then with adding (5% SiC or 5% Eggshell powder or 5%����2��3) to the matrix, and Jute fibers. The critical load for its best …

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Mechanical Properties Of Al 6061/Al2o3 Nanocomposite By Stir Casting, Hussain Al-Alkawi, Huda Al-Salihi Aug 2026

Mechanical Properties Of Al 6061/Al2o3 Nanocomposite By Stir Casting, Hussain Al-Alkawi, Huda Al-Salihi

Engineering and Technology Journal

Present work deals with the examination of the mechanical properties of Al 6061 composites, which were successfully fabricated by stir casting technique and then reinforced by using different percentages of Al2O3 nanoparticles up to 10 wt%. The required samples were carefully prepared. Evaluation of the mechanical properties such as hardness, yield tensile stress and ultimate tensile stress were effectively obtained at various percentages of Al2O3 nanoparticles .It was found that the mechanical properties of 6061 /Al2O3 nanoparticles are critically influenced by the concentrations of the reinforced Al2O3 nanoparticle, since there was a substantial enhancement in the mechanical properties, as the …

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Development Bearing Capacity Of Piles Embedded In Clayey Soil, Awf Al-Kaisi, Falah Rahil, Mohanned Waheed Aug 2026

Development Bearing Capacity Of Piles Embedded In Clayey Soil, Awf Al-Kaisi, Falah Rahil, Mohanned Waheed

Engineering and Technology Journal

The load carrying capacity of piles resulting from base resistance and shaft resistance, the load transfer mechanism of piles is complicated since the mode of failure of these components is different in addition to the effect of pile installation on the soil surrounding of piles .The intended task of this paper is studying the behavior of pile group model driven in clayey soil subjected to vertical axial loading, and the assessment of the development of resistance of each of the two components, tip resistance and skin friction of the piles of during loading. Twelve piles group tests are conducted at …

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Reliability Evaluation Of Al_Mansour 11kv Distribution Network In Baghdad City, Thamir Abdul-Wahhab, Riyadh Ahmed Aug 2026

Reliability Evaluation Of Al_Mansour 11kv Distribution Network In Baghdad City, Thamir Abdul-Wahhab, Riyadh Ahmed

Engineering and Technology Journal

Reliability is a key aspect of power system design and planning. This work aims to evaluate and improve the reliability of a power distribution network in Baghdad city. The minimal cut set method has been adopted for reliability evaluation. Evaluating the reliability requires calculating and evaluating a set of reliability indices. In this research, the reliability indices are calculated for Al_Mansour 11kV distribution network in Baghdad city. According to these indices several improvements have been proposed and simulated on the network as follows: Adding N/C manually switches in the network for isolating fault area and restoring the service to the …

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Tuning Of A Pid Controller By Bacterial Foraging Algorithm For Position Control Of Dc Servo Motor, Manal Jasim Aug 2026

Tuning Of A Pid Controller By Bacterial Foraging Algorithm For Position Control Of Dc Servo Motor, Manal Jasim

Engineering and Technology Journal

Controlling the position of Direct Current servo motor is the first aim of this paper, by Bacterial Foraging Algorithm (BFA), the best Proportional – Integral - Derivative (PID) controller parameters were obtained through Mat-Lab application, including the simulation and modeling of Direct Current servo motor, BFA controller and conventional PID Controller as benchmark to the performance of BFA. Proportional – Integral - Derivative controller is a closed loop system, the error made by the Direct Current motor was corrected and determine the correct position to the desired point were controlled By integrating the Proportional – Integral - Derivative controller. Kp, …

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Investigation The Effect Of Nano–Particles And Recycling Mortar Additives On Physical And Mechanical Properties Of Concrete, Alaa Abdul-Hamead, Farhad Othman, Raeid Mohammed Aug 2026

Investigation The Effect Of Nano–Particles And Recycling Mortar Additives On Physical And Mechanical Properties Of Concrete, Alaa Abdul-Hamead, Farhad Othman, Raeid Mohammed

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this paper a lower ratio of nano powder were used from (Al2O3 and ZrO2) (0.5, 1.5and 2. 5 wt %) from cement weight, the average particle size of nano-powder were (20nm). These powders were used in fabrication of Concrete with recycle fine aggregate was replaced Natural fine aggregate(sand) in order to be used in construction application and studies the effect on the concrete. Investigation were done on the concrete including dry density, water absorption%, porosity%, compression strength, and wear rate. The results shows that The nano-Al2O3, nano-ZrO2, and recycle aggregate were adding causes difference effect in the physical and …

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Study The Characteristics Thermal And Mechanical For Unsaturated Polyester Resin Forced By Asbestos Fiber, Zainab Mohsein Aug 2026

Study The Characteristics Thermal And Mechanical For Unsaturated Polyester Resin Forced By Asbestos Fiber, Zainab Mohsein

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this work prepared and study a polymer composite, where use polyester resin with asbestos fiber ratio (5%, 10% and 15%). First study effect of changing reinforcement percentage by asbestos fiber on coefficient thermal conductivity (k) of polymer composite. Result show decrease in the coefficient thermal conductivity (k) of composite materials with increase of weight percentage of asbestos fiber. Second, study effect of it above reinforcement ratio on the some of mechanical properties (Impact, tensile, fracture and hardness) for polymer composite. The result indicate increase value of mechanical properties with increase weight percentage of asbestos fiber. The impact strength was …

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Effect Of Impact Hot- Dry Weather Conditions On The Properties Of High Performance Lightweight Concrete, Hisham Ahmed, Wasan Khalil, Nada Jumaa Aug 2026

Effect Of Impact Hot- Dry Weather Conditions On The Properties Of High Performance Lightweight Concrete, Hisham Ahmed, Wasan Khalil, Nada Jumaa

Engineering and Technology Journal

The aim of this investigation is to produce high performance lightweight aggregate concrete in actual hot- dry weather conditions, and then study the combined effect of hot-dry weather conditions on the fresh properties of high performance lightweight aggregate concrete such as workability, initial and final setting time, measuring concrete temperature, and hardened concrete properties (compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength, modulus of elasticity). The experimental program including the use of fixed mix proportions and was carried out in a typical Iraqi summer days (under actual conditions) of different times during the day, where the mean maximum temperature in …

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Experimental Investigation Of A New Modified Catalysts (Wo3/Si-Zr) And (Si-Zr) For The Process Of Aerosol Nanocatalysts By Fcc Of Residual Vacuum Distillation, Hashim Mahdi, Sregey Kudryavtsev Aug 2026

Experimental Investigation Of A New Modified Catalysts (Wo3/Si-Zr) And (Si-Zr) For The Process Of Aerosol Nanocatalysts By Fcc Of Residual Vacuum Distillation, Hashim Mahdi, Sregey Kudryavtsev

Engineering and Technology Journal

This work aims at comparing between the a new modified catalyst WO3/Si-Zr and catalyst Si-Zr to obtain gasoline and diesel fraction , The new theory of aerosol nanocatalysts technology was used in the cracking of gas oil by vacuum accompanied by the vibration of the layer of the catalyst system . The one of aim of the present work is to reduce the emissions of atmosphere polluting gases such as (H2S and CO) .It is observed that this process is achieved at lower temperature compared to that conducted by industrial cracking process at 250 Co , and lower amount of …

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Investigate Wedm Process Parameters On Wire Wear Ratio, Material Removal Rate And Surface Roughness Of Steel 1012 Aisi, Saad Shather, Mohammed Mohammed Aug 2026

Investigate Wedm Process Parameters On Wire Wear Ratio, Material Removal Rate And Surface Roughness Of Steel 1012 Aisi, Saad Shather, Mohammed Mohammed

Engineering and Technology Journal

This work is focused on some affecting parameters in Wire electrical discharge machining process for AISI 1012 steel by using brass wire and zinc coated brass wire with 0.25mm diameter. Pulse on time, pulse off time, spark gap voltage and servo feed had been studied as input parameters while wire wear ratio, metal removal rate and surface roughness were the outputs. The experiments showed that increasing pulse on time would increase wire wear ratio, metal removal rate and surface roughness. While, increasing pulse off time, spark gap voltage and servo feed will cause a little increase in wire wear ratio, …

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Study The Effect Of Traditional Iraqi Stabilizers (Cement And Lime) On Some Properties Of Iraqi Clay Soils, Husam Baqir, Aqeel Al-Adili, Ali Shareef Aug 2026

Study The Effect Of Traditional Iraqi Stabilizers (Cement And Lime) On Some Properties Of Iraqi Clay Soils, Husam Baqir, Aqeel Al-Adili, Ali Shareef

Engineering and Technology Journal

This study provides practical results in the use of the composite from sulfate resistance Portland cement (PC) and Quicklime (LQ) to improve and stabilize of soils in Al - Zaafaraniya site in Baghdad governorate and the Garma Ali site in Al Basra governorate, Iraq. PC and LQ were added in percentages of 2,4,6,8 and 10% and 2 and 4%, by dry weight, respectively. Laboratory tests to determine Atterberg,s limits, standard proctor test, USC test and UUU test (unconsolidation, undrained and unsaturated) were conducted. The results achieved a significant improvement in workability, unconfined compressive strength and shear strength. The results of …

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Using Rsm Technique For Modeling And Optimization The Influence Of Cutting Parameters On Tool Wear And Cutting Forces In Turning Operation, Shaker Hassan, Samir Amin, Asaad Dabish Aug 2026

Using Rsm Technique For Modeling And Optimization The Influence Of Cutting Parameters On Tool Wear And Cutting Forces In Turning Operation, Shaker Hassan, Samir Amin, Asaad Dabish

Engineering and Technology Journal

This study is an attempt to investigate the effect of cutting parameters on the cutting force and tool wear during turning of AISI 304 steel using tungsten carbide tool (WC). The first aim of present work was to employ the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) technique to obtain the influence of input machining parameters, such as cutting feed, cutting speed and cutting depth on the cutting force and wear of tool. Experiments were carried out in a 20 runs experimental matrix by a CNC machine according to the design matrices established by Design of Experiment (DOE) software 'version 8' with RSM …

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The Effects Of Sputtering Time On Cds Thin Film Solar Cell Deposited By Dc Plasma Sputtering Method, Azhar Sadkhan, Sabah Sabeh, Mohammed Khalaf Aug 2026

The Effects Of Sputtering Time On Cds Thin Film Solar Cell Deposited By Dc Plasma Sputtering Method, Azhar Sadkhan, Sabah Sabeh, Mohammed Khalaf

Engineering and Technology Journal

CdS thin films of different thickness have been prepared by dc sputtering technique on glass slides for a window layer of solar cells. The CdS target were sputtered in different sputtering times (1,1.5,2.5,3) hrs, working pressure (2×10-2) mbar and discharge voltage(2) kV.The structure of the nanoparticles films was investigated of CdS thin films by X-ray diffraction (XRD).The XRD patterns showed that the films were hexagonal (wurtzite) structure having strong preferential orientation along the (002) plane with particle size in the range of (41.04-41.46-41.88-42.53) nm, the peak at (002) preferred orientations of the films are shifted a little from left to …

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Measurement Of Radon Gas Concentrations And Hazard Effects In Underground Water Samples In Karbala Governorate Of Iraq, I. Al-Alawy, A. Hasan Aug 2026

Measurement Of Radon Gas Concentrations And Hazard Effects In Underground Water Samples In Karbala Governorate Of Iraq, I. Al-Alawy, A. Hasan

Engineering and Technology Journal

One of the most characterizations of social health is the existence availability of sources irrigation water. Since the main source of water, contamination is radon gas. Six regions in Karbala province in Iraq were chosen to evaluate Radon level in underground water-samples by using (SSNTD-CR-39) Detector. The current measurements showed that highest level was in Al-Horr region to be 4.152±2.2Bq/L, where lowest concentration was in Hay-Rumdan 2.165±1.6Bq/L. The maximum Annual-Effective Dose (AED) was found in Al-Horr to be 14.34±3.5μSv/y, whereas the minimal value indicated at Hay-Rumdan 8.66±3.1μSv/y. In general, it has been found that Radon-level concentration, in the studied groundwater-samples, …

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Determination Emitted Gasses From Using Three Types Of Woods In Grilling Meats, Sedik Al-Hiyaly, Ahmed Al-Taie Aug 2026

Determination Emitted Gasses From Using Three Types Of Woods In Grilling Meats, Sedik Al-Hiyaly, Ahmed Al-Taie

Engineering and Technology Journal

The randomly using of different woods in grilling meats may cause several health and environmental effects due to various gasses emitted from burning such woods. The current work has examined the type and concentration of several emitted gases from burning raw tree wood, wood charcoal and palm fronds. This study has measured volatile organic compounds (VOC), carbon mono oxide (CO), ozone (O3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and sulfur dioxide (SO2). The concentrations of these emitted gasses were measured at fire start point, 15, 30 and 60 minutes.It has been found that raw tree wood gave highest mean value of VOC ranged …

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The Effects Of Cyanobactrum Chroococcus Minor And Oscillatoria Amonea On Seed Germination Of Plant Vigna Radiate, Ghaidaa Alrubaie Aug 2026

The Effects Of Cyanobactrum Chroococcus Minor And Oscillatoria Amonea On Seed Germination Of Plant Vigna Radiate, Ghaidaa Alrubaie

Engineering and Technology Journal

Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic photosynthesis algae able to produce toxins and that cause problems in water quality, agriculture and aquatic organisms As well as concerns about the public health for humans. Among the cyanobacterial toxins, microcystins (MC) are the most common. In this study, Identification and Isolation of blue green algae Chroococcus minor and Oscillatoria amonea Belonging to the cyanobacteria division, BG-11 media were used to cultivation. In suitable laboratory conditions (25 ±2C°, 260μE/m2/sec) for 16:8 hrs. Light: dark. The culture was harvested after 30 days and determine the effects of the extracellular of both algae on seed germination for Vigna …

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Determination Of Radon Concentrations In Soil Around Al-Tuwaitha Site Using Cr-39 Detector, Khalid Mahdi, Auday Subhi, Najlaa Sharif, Ghuzlan Ahmed Ahmed Aug 2026

Determination Of Radon Concentrations In Soil Around Al-Tuwaitha Site Using Cr-39 Detector, Khalid Mahdi, Auday Subhi, Najlaa Sharif, Ghuzlan Ahmed Ahmed

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this work radon concentration in 37 soil samples collected from 17 regions surround the (Al Tuwaitha) were measured by using solid-state nuclear track detector (SSNTD.s) CR-39 with natural exposure of one month, and by comparison with standard samples. The radon concentration in the soil samples was about (9.583 ± 0.36928.029 ± 0.631) Bq/m3 in locations one (Rotate Salman) and eight (An area agricultural near high-voltage towers) respectively, with rate of (20.939 ± 0.541) Bq/m3. The specific activity of radium (Ra) dissolved during generate radon were ranging between (9.857 – 3.37) Bq.kg-1, with rate of (7.393) Bq.kg-1, surface emission of …

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Effect Of Temperature And Concentration On The Optical Properties Of Pvc Solutions, Esam Tawfiq, Shams. Abdul Kareem Aug 2026

Effect Of Temperature And Concentration On The Optical Properties Of Pvc Solutions, Esam Tawfiq, Shams. Abdul Kareem

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this paper, effects of temperature and concentration on theabsorption spectra for Polyvinyl chloride solutions are studied at wavelengthsfrom 200 to 400 nm and with the range of temperature 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60degrees (Co). Electronic absorption spectra were examined over thewavelength range 200-400 nm by different concentrations (1x10-3, 8x10-4,6.5x10-4, 5x10-4 and 3x10-4)[M]. The UV spectra shifted slightly towardslarge wavelength with increasing the temperature. The values of the energygap of polyvinyl chloride are decreasing as concentration and temperatureincreased. The data shows that the refractive index of the polymer decreaseswith increasing the wavelength and temperature. The relationship between theabsorption coefficient …

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A Proposed Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosing System Based On Clustering And Segmentation Techniques, Sarah Mohammed Aug 2026

A Proposed Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosing System Based On Clustering And Segmentation Techniques, Sarah Mohammed

Engineering and Technology Journal

Alzheimer's-disease (AD) is one of the prevalent diseases that afflict theelderly. The medical field defines Alzheimer is the destruction of brain cells sothat the person loses knowledge and perception, afflict both sexes and is calleddementia. The medical field often suffers from accurate diagnosis and detection ofthe disease in the early stages. This paper presents a diagnostic approach ofAlzheimer based on K-mean clustering algorithm with Markov random fieldsegmentation on Magnetic Reasoning Images (MRI) to build software able to helpthe medical staff identifying and diagnosis the disease. The experimental resultshows that 91% accuracy is achieved, which demonstrate the system's reliabilityin the medical …

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Comparison Between The Biological Activity Of Agaricus Bisporus Fruiting Bodies And Albizzia Lebbeck Leaves Extract Against Different Pathogenic Microoganisms, Israa Al-Temimay Aug 2026

Comparison Between The Biological Activity Of Agaricus Bisporus Fruiting Bodies And Albizzia Lebbeck Leaves Extract Against Different Pathogenic Microoganisms, Israa Al-Temimay

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this study, antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate extracts of Agaricusbisporus fruiting bodies and ethyl acetate extracts of Albizzia lebbeck leaves wereexamined in-vitro with (2) two pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli and Proteus)and yeast (Candida albicanus), following agar well diffusion method usingdifferent concentrations (25, 50, and 100μl). The extracts of Agaricus bisporus andAlbizzia lebbeck were showed potent antimicrobial activity against tested bacteriaand yeast. Agaricus bisporus fruiting bodies extract was showed the highestinhibitory effect versus growth of bacteria and yeast were tested in this study. TheE. coli and Proteus were found to show large sensitivity to the extracts of Agaricusbisporus with 12 …

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Evaluation Of Purified Urease Activity From Proteus Mirabilis Using Iron Oxide Nanoparticles And Measurement Of Urea Concentration In Blood, Hadeel Dawud, Entesar Ali Aug 2026

Evaluation Of Purified Urease Activity From Proteus Mirabilis Using Iron Oxide Nanoparticles And Measurement Of Urea Concentration In Blood, Hadeel Dawud, Entesar Ali

Engineering and Technology Journal

The activity of urease purified from Proteus mirabilis bacteria wasestimated using gamma iron oxide nanoparticles (γ-Fe2O3) which were obtained asstandard in size (20- 40)nm, purity 99%. The enzyme activity was estimated byincubating the pure enzyme with various concentrations of nanoparticles rangedbetween (1- 6) μg/ml. The results indicates a decrease in enzymatic activity withincreasing of nanoparticles concentration. After that, the concentration of bloodurea was measured using urease obtained from a standard kit, urease purified fromProteus mirabilis and the urease- gamma iron nanoparticles solution. Thecomparison was then made among the results of urea concentrations by statisticalanalysis using T-test. The results showed that …

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Optical Characterizations Of Rf-Magnetron Sputtered Nanocrystalline Tio2 Thin Film, Azhar Sadkhan Aug 2026

Optical Characterizations Of Rf-Magnetron Sputtered Nanocrystalline Tio2 Thin Film, Azhar Sadkhan

Engineering and Technology Journal

TiO2 nanocrystalline thin films are widely used as antireflection coatingin solar cell, in this paper, RF magnetron sputtering technique is used to prepareTiO2 thin film on glass substrates, TiO2 thin films deposited under differentpowers (75,100,125 and 150) Watt for (1.5) hour resulted in different layerthickness (62.5,88,118 and 132.6) nm respectively. The optical propertiesexamined by UV-VIS spectroscopy. TiO2 thin films exhibit a high transparency inthe region from about 350 nm above, we suggest that these results indicate themost suitable growing conditions for obtaining high quality sputtered TiO2 thinfilms with higher transparence performance for solar cell application. the opticalabsorbance coefficient for all …

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Levels Of Lead And Chromium Ions In Different Brands Of Lipstick Sold At Local Markets In Iraq, Shaymaa Khazaal, Khalida Al-Azawi, Hamsa Eessa, Abdulnasser Al-Gebori Al-Gebori, Hasan Obayes, Abeer Khasraghi Aug 2026

Levels Of Lead And Chromium Ions In Different Brands Of Lipstick Sold At Local Markets In Iraq, Shaymaa Khazaal, Khalida Al-Azawi, Hamsa Eessa, Abdulnasser Al-Gebori Al-Gebori, Hasan Obayes, Abeer Khasraghi

Engineering and Technology Journal

Lead and Chromium ion samples of five commercial samplesof each of twenty brands of lipstick sold at locally markets in Iraq weredetermined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Samples ofdigested Lipstick were used, acid digestion method using acids HCl:HNO3 in ratio 1:3 were used before analysis. Average for analyzedsamples were Pb, 0.10-4.85 ppm; Cr, 0.18-5.2 ppm. Samples No.9 andNo.4 showed the least concentrations of Pb and Cr respectively. Thesevalues are not expected to be toxic to humans. However, exposure overlong periods might cause accumulation of the elements in the body andeven at low concentration; some metals could initiate allergic reactions.

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Hydraulic Parameters Of Groundwater Aquifers In Khan-Al-Baghdadi Area, Hussein Al-Sudani Aug 2026

Hydraulic Parameters Of Groundwater Aquifers In Khan-Al-Baghdadi Area, Hussein Al-Sudani

Engineering and Technology Journal

The mainly objective of groundwater studies is assessment the physicalcharacterizations of water-bearing layers. Conducting and analyzing aquifertests is one of the most efficient ways to assessment these characterizations. Theaim of this research is to carry out hydrogeological investigation in Khan Al-Baghdadi area within Anbar Governorate in the west of Iraq to evaluatehydraulic properties of the most important groundwater aquifers in order toachieve optimum use of groundwater in term of sustainable water management byusing Cooper-Jacob and Theis Recovery Test methods to calculate transmissivityand storage coefficient after field investigation of aquifers extended in the areawhere geographical position, elevations, static water levels, depths, …

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The Growth Characteristics Of Rf-Magnetron Sputtered Nanocrystalline Tio2 Thin Films, Azhar Sadkhan, Suaad Mohammed, Mohammed Khalaf Aug 2026

The Growth Characteristics Of Rf-Magnetron Sputtered Nanocrystalline Tio2 Thin Films, Azhar Sadkhan, Suaad Mohammed, Mohammed Khalaf

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this paper, RF Magnetron sputtered TiO2 thin films deposited onglass slices at various powers (75,100,125 and 150) Watt for (1.5) hour anddifferent thickness (62.5-88-118 and 132.6) nm, the TiO2 thin films annealed with400°C for 2 hour and the morphology and structure of these films are describedby X-ray diffraction XRD and atomic force microscopy AFM to show the phasestructure. X-ray diffraction investigation uncovered that the crystalline size of theTiO2 thin films displays an expanding pattern with increasing the sputteringpower. The preferred orientation of (101) was watched for the films depositedwith sputtering power of (75,100,125 and 150) Watt.

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Easy And New Chemical Synthesis Of Stable Nano Sliver Using Propylene Glycol And Glycerin As Reducing Agents, Abdulah Mohammed, Sarab Mahmood Aug 2026

Easy And New Chemical Synthesis Of Stable Nano Sliver Using Propylene Glycol And Glycerin As Reducing Agents, Abdulah Mohammed, Sarab Mahmood

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this present work we have synthesized stable silvernanoparticles (Ag-NPs) by chemical reduction with aqueous solutions ofsilver nitrate (i) propylene glycol (ii) glycerin as reducing agents and guargum as a stabilizer. The reaction were done at room temperature and atpH=8. Systematic characterizations of the Ag-NPs were done using UV-Vis,zeta potential analysis, X-Ray diffraction (XRD), AFM and SEM whichreveal stable Ag-NPs. These measurements indicate that the particles aremostly spherical in shape. The UV-Vis spectra of the result solution of Ag-NPs show an absorption peak at 412 nm and 424 nm for using propyleneglycol and for using glycerin respectively. These color occurring …

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Studying The Effect Of Annealing Temperature On Some Physical Properties Of In2o3 Thin Films, Duaa Mohammed, Muslim Jawad Aug 2026

Studying The Effect Of Annealing Temperature On Some Physical Properties Of In2o3 Thin Films, Duaa Mohammed, Muslim Jawad

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this study, In2O3 thin films were deposited on quartz substrates bypulsed laser deposition technique at room temperature and followed bythermally annealing at 300℃, 400℃ and 500℃ for 1 hour. The optical bandgap was found to increase with the annealing temperature from 3.5 to 3.85 eVand the transmittance was observed above 90%. XRD results show that the filmsare polycrystalline in nature and crystallizes with preferred orientation (222).SEM images show that the films are

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The Approximate Solution Of The Fornberg-Whitham Equation By A Semi-Analytical Iterative Technique, Sinan Abd Almjeed Aug 2026

The Approximate Solution Of The Fornberg-Whitham Equation By A Semi-Analytical Iterative Technique, Sinan Abd Almjeed

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this work, two semi-analytical methods are introduced inorder to handle the solution of the Fornberg-Whitham equation. Thefirst one method has been proposed by Temimi and Ansari, namely theTAM. The second method is the Banach contraction method which isbriefly called the BCM. Both methods do not require using anyadditional assumptions. Our calculations are distinguished by anefficiency and rapidity of obtaining the results, in comparison with theprevious studies for solving the same problem.

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