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The Catholic Church In The Philippine Public Sphere, Ranilo B. Hermida
The Catholic Church In The Philippine Public Sphere, Ranilo B. Hermida
Kritika Kultura
Whether religion has a place in the public sphere is a complex issue. Many thinkers believed that the rationalization process of modernity would result in secularization and banish religion into the private sphere. Religion has not only survived; it has even taken an active role in the political affairs of the state. This has been the case in countries like the Philippines where the publicity and activism of the Catholic hierarchy in the political public sphere of the country have been sustained and to some extent dominant. Said publicity and activism are carried out in the name of religion and …
“We Were War Surplus, Too”: Nick Joaquin And The Im/Possibilities Of Filipino Historical Becoming, Josen Masangkay Diaz
“We Were War Surplus, Too”: Nick Joaquin And The Im/Possibilities Of Filipino Historical Becoming, Josen Masangkay Diaz
Kritika Kultura
This article reads Nick Joaquin’s 1983 novel Cave and Shadows alongside his persistent engagement with Filipino identity and history to argue that an investigation of Philippine historiography reveals the colonial entrapments of Filipino subjectivity. A mystery novel set in the period immediately preceding Ferdinand Marcos’s 1972 declaration of martial law, it contextualizes Marcos authoritarianism within the scope of post-World War II concerns about national politics in the wake of independence. It also simultaneously grapples with overarching ideas about the legacies of colonial conquest and their effects on the Filipino common sense. Jack Henson’s traversals through Manila find him grappling with …
Front Matter, Kritika Kultura
Manuel Blanco’S El Indio And The History Of A Rumor, Resil B. Mojares
Manuel Blanco’S El Indio And The History Of A Rumor, Resil B. Mojares
Kritika Kultura
The paper explores the social meanings that can be elicited from tracking the history of a rumor. It takes as its example the nineteenth-century apocryphal story of an Augustinian friar who labored for years on a treatise on the character of the Philippine native (indio) only to leave behind, upon his death, a book of blank pages. Tracing the origins and passage of the rumor and unpacking the various interpretations of the story, the paper demonstrates what can be gained from the study of rumors in Philippine history.
Organic And Multicultural Ways Of Reading Bulosan, John Streamas
Organic And Multicultural Ways Of Reading Bulosan, John Streamas
Kritika Kultura
This essay argues that students in introductory classes read America Is in the Heart more perceptively than most professional “multicultural” critics. Students’ indifference to the book’s genre, for example, allows them to see clearly the meaning and value of its Part One, and to read the closing paragraph not as a postmodern refusal of closure but as a step on the way toward reconciling “America” with the work of “becoming Filipino.” Such engagement with the book is an example of “organic” reading.
Excavating The Bulosan Ruins: What Is At Stake In Re-Discovering The Anti-Imperialist Writing In The Age Of Us Global Terrorism?, E. San Juan Jr.
Excavating The Bulosan Ruins: What Is At Stake In Re-Discovering The Anti-Imperialist Writing In The Age Of Us Global Terrorism?, E. San Juan Jr.
Kritika Kultura
Based on research in the unpublished papers of Sanora Babb at the Harry Ransom Center, University of Texas, this essay uncovers new information about Bulosan’s relations with Sanora and her sister Dorothy Babb, the two American women who virtually “made” him into a writer. Given his intimacy with both women, active in leftwing and Communist Party activities in Los Angeles during the formative years of Bulosan’s life, as well as his association with leftist union leaders in Seattle, Bulosan’s radical affiliations are no longer in doubt, even without FBI documentation. Apocryphal Bulosan manuscripts such as All the Conspirators are bound …
Translation And The Problem Of Realism In Philippine Literature In English, J. Neil C. Garcia
Translation And The Problem Of Realism In Philippine Literature In English, J. Neil C. Garcia
Kritika Kultura
To the degree that Philippine literature in English is translational it cannot be realistic: realism is a signifying practice that presupposes a monocultural ground, upon which the “consensus” of representational fidelity can happen. And yet, much of the criticism of this literature, as produced by Filipinos themselves, has generally failed to take note of this crucial precondition, enacting a ruinous category mistake that, among other things, unwittingly confounds contemporary departures from the referential towards the “avant-garde” and/or antimimetic modes, as these are espoused by young Filipino poets and fictionists alike. Finally, this paper argues that the various literary practices encoded …
Introduction By Guest Editor, Jeffrey Arellano Cabusao
Introduction By Guest Editor, Jeffrey Arellano Cabusao
Kritika Kultura
No abstract provided.
Beyond The Color Line: Intersectional Considerations In Chuah Guat Eng’S Fiction, Wai Chew Sim
Beyond The Color Line: Intersectional Considerations In Chuah Guat Eng’S Fiction, Wai Chew Sim
Kritika Kultura
This essay argues that the work of Malaysian-Chinese author Chuah Guat Eng gives pause to the culturalism that dominates literary analysis. Articulated primarily through identity politics (the politics of recognition), culturalism’s self- understanding keeps at a distance other forms of social justice commitments including class struggle. However, Chuah spotlights their intersectionality in Malaysia and enjoins us to combine the two – to see the native population’s demand for economic parity and rural development as coterminous in some respects with the demands for recognition made by settler communities. In particular, Chuah’s Echoes of Silence (1994) points to the commensurability between socialist …
Front Matter, Kritika Kultura
Phantom In Paradise: A Philippine Presence In Hollywood Cinema, Joel David
Phantom In Paradise: A Philippine Presence In Hollywood Cinema, Joel David
Kritika Kultura
The Philippines’ experience with its last foreign occupant, the US, resulted in an entire clutch of problematic “special relations” that, coupled with the country’s responses to the challenges of self-government, ultimately led to a global dispersal of the population, effectively turning the Philippines into the major Asian nation arguably most reliant on its citizens’ overseas remittances. This paper takes the position that diasporic Filipinos, for a variety of reasons starting with the effectiveness of maintaining unintrusive presences in alien cultures (including the acceptance of menial positions), have possibly developed and have enabled others to perceive them as silent and discreet …
Fidelity In Translating Religious Practice: Illustrations From Filipino Christanity, Jose Mario C. Francisco Sj
Fidelity In Translating Religious Practice: Illustrations From Filipino Christanity, Jose Mario C. Francisco Sj
Kritika Kultura
What fidelity consists in has always been a central concern in translation studies and practice. This essay first discusses its shifting meaning in relation to the various turns in contemporary translation theory, and their application to the translation of religious practice. It then examines the translation of late medieval post-Reformation Spanish Catholicism into Filipino Christianity through an analysis of its texts and performances. It concludes by revisiting the meaning of fidelity and relates it to root-metaphors for translation in some Philippine languages. Fidelity appears not as the transfer of an unchanging meaning but as the recognition of self within the …
Translation And/As Research, Harry Aveling
Translation And/As Research, Harry Aveling
Kritika Kultura
The paper will consider some possible relationships between literary translation and research, the latter briefly defined as “the curiosity-driven production of new knowledge” (Nowotny xix). Two of these relationships are simple: (1) research as a stage in the preparation for the process of translation, and (2) research about the cultural and historical dimensions of already-existing translations. The third is more complex and controversial. The paper further asks: (3) whether the practice of translation is in itself an act of research. The third question raises further considerations about the different types of knowledge to be found in the university, and how …
General Introduction, Kritika Kultura
Front Matter, Kritika Kultura
Nativism Or Universalism: Situating Lgbt Discourse In The Philippines, J. Neil C. Garcia
Nativism Or Universalism: Situating Lgbt Discourse In The Philippines, J. Neil C. Garcia
Kritika Kultura
Despite or precisely because of the fact that it is being increasingly globally invoked, the LGBT signifier bids us to understand its discursive performances in various localities, particularly in the global south, whose conservative traditions this form of politics most visibly challenges, at the same time that it can only do so translationally—which is to say, as a form of transcultural syncretism. More specifically, this paper offers a postcolonial reading of LGBT discourse in the Philippines, examining the confluence between the discourse of Western “psychospirituality” and the local idiom of interiority (kalooban), as evinced, in particular, in the minoritized identity …
Women Of Will For Nation Building In Pramoedya’S Three Early Novels, Novita Dewi
Women Of Will For Nation Building In Pramoedya’S Three Early Novels, Novita Dewi
Kritika Kultura
Of great interest to Pramoedya’s writing, which is largely neglected, is the presence of ordinary women as supporting characters. This paper discusses the depiction of strong- willed women who embody the desired character that the Indonesian nationalists in the 1950s sought to construct in Pramoedya’s three early novels, i.e. Keluarga Gerilya [The Guerilla Family] (1950), Korupsi [Corruption] (1954), and Sekali Peristiwa di Banten Selatan [Once Upon A Time in South Banten] (1958). Written during the period when nationalism in the country began to crack, the three novels present minor but arresting female characters: these women are able to find their …
Front Matter, Kritika Kultura
Kahulugan, Katotohanan, Katwiran: Pagpapakilala Sa Semiotika Ni Charles Sanders Peirce, E. San Juan Jr.
Kahulugan, Katotohanan, Katwiran: Pagpapakilala Sa Semiotika Ni Charles Sanders Peirce, E. San Juan Jr.
Kritika Kultura
This essay elaborates on crucial aspects of the semiotics of American pragmaticist Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914) and applies them to two Filipino texts: “Three O’Clock in the Morning” by Cirio H. Panganiban and “Kristal na Tubig” by Antonio Rosales. Delivered first in 2 March 2012 as part of the Kritika Kultura lecture series at Ateneo de Manila University, the essay makes a number of distinct yet interrelated claims before proceeding to an interpretation of the aforementioned texts. First, San Juan points out the communal (“komunidad”) underpinning of Peirce’s formulations: San Juan argues that only within a social context—where agreed-upon methods, …
Front Matter, Kritika Kultura
Toward A Renewal Of Critical Practice: Reflections On The Occupy Movement And Filipino Self Determination, Jeffrey Arellano Cabusao
Toward A Renewal Of Critical Practice: Reflections On The Occupy Movement And Filipino Self Determination, Jeffrey Arellano Cabusao
Kritika Kultura
This essay examines the significance of the developing Occupy movement within the United States, which emerged from a year of global protests (2011). It suggests that one way to broaden its vision of solidarity is to renew our critical practice (“conscientization and action” – borrowing from Brazilian educator Paulo Freire). A renewal of critical practice within the context of this essay involves examining the following more closely: 1) the dynamics of race and class in the United States and abroad, 2) the site of the academy (the politics of knowledge production), and 3.) the significance of our submerged histories of …
Movement, Memory, Transformation, And Transition In The City: Literary Representations Of Johannesburg In Post-Apartheid South African Texts, Anne Putter
Kritika Kultura
“Writing the city,” particularly writing the city of Johannesburg, in post-apartheid South African fiction can be considered a new approach to interpreting South African culture—a new approach that takes into consideration and reflects the changes taking place in present-day South African society. Texts written on Johannesburg such as Kgebetli Moele’s Room 207 (2006) and Ivan Vladislavić’s The Restless Supermarket (2001) are utilizing the subject matter and everyday life of the city as an “idea,” as a means of expressing societal concerns and other important changes taking place in the country as a whole. The paper will identify and consider how …
Memory And The Diasporic Creative Imagination: Preeta Smarasan's Evening Is The Whole Day, Shanthini Pillai
Memory And The Diasporic Creative Imagination: Preeta Smarasan's Evening Is The Whole Day, Shanthini Pillai
Kritika Kultura
The focal point of this paper is the concept of transnational memory and the blurred and fluctuating boundaries of ties with the nation that was once home as depicted in Evening is the Whole Day, a novel by Preeta Samarasan, part of the emergent community of new Malaysian diasporic writers. New Malaysian diasporic writers in the context of this paper are taken to refer to writers who were born in Malaysia but are now settled elsewhere in the globe, and yet are recognizably transnational in that their writings focus on the older country and memories of family, community, and a …
Sneaking Into The Philippines, Along The Rivers Of Babylon: An Intervention Into The Language Question, E. San Juan Jr.
Sneaking Into The Philippines, Along The Rivers Of Babylon: An Intervention Into The Language Question, E. San Juan Jr.
Kritika Kultura
The following are remarks made on 12 March 2008 at the launching of Balikbayang Sinta: An E. San Juan Reader published by Ateneo de Manila UP. Here the author puts forward seven theses through which the contentious “language question” may be reexamined, especially as it touches on issues of national solidarity.
Anatomy Of Exile, Tamara Powell
Anatomy Of Exile, Tamara Powell
Kritika Kultura
This review essay provides an overview of the poetry and essays in E. San Juan, Jr.’s Balikbayang Mahal: Passages from Exile. Close attention is paid to “Mask of the Poet,” “Spring in Den Haag, Nederland, 25 March 2007,” “Vicissitudes of the Love and Death of Vladimir Mayakovsky,” and “Sa Loob at Labas Ng Bayan Kon Sawi: Emergency Signals from a Filipino Exile.” The book as a whole combines the postmodern idea of the lack of authentic, monadic self with the ancient idea that everything is connected.
Sneaking Into The Philippines, Along The Rivers Of Babylon: An Intervention Into The Language Question, E. San Juan Jr.
Sneaking Into The Philippines, Along The Rivers Of Babylon: An Intervention Into The Language Question, E. San Juan Jr.
Kritika Kultura
The following are remarks made on 12 March 2008 at the launching of Balikbayang Sinta: An E. San Juan Reader published by Ateneo de Manila UP. Here the author puts forward seven theses through which the contentious “language question” may be reexamined, especially as it touches on issues of national solidarity.
Anatomy Of Exile, Tamara Powell
Anatomy Of Exile, Tamara Powell
Kritika Kultura
This review essay provides an overview of the poetry and essays in E. San Juan, Jr.’s Balikbayang Mahal: Passages from Exile. Close attention is paid to “Mask of the Poet,” “Spring in Den Haag, Nederland, 25 March 2007,” “Vicissitudes of the Love and Death of Vladimir Mayakovsky,” and “Sa Loob at Labas Ng Bayan Kon Sawi: Emergency Signals from a Filipino Exile.” The book as a whole combines the postmodern idea of the lack of authentic, monadic self with the ancient idea that everything is connected.
Socialist Shenanigans And Emerald Epiphanies: The Case Of Margaretta D'Arcy And John Arden, Tim Prentki
Socialist Shenanigans And Emerald Epiphanies: The Case Of Margaretta D'Arcy And John Arden, Tim Prentki
Kritika Kultura
This essay explores the two meanings of “radical” – the popular one of “sharp-edged’”or “extreme” and the original one of “rooted within the culture” – in relation to selected works of D’Arcy and Arden: The Non-Stop Connolly Show (1975), Vandaleur’s Folly (1978) and The Little Gray Home in the West (1978). Within the space of contradiction between these meanings, the paper considers such issues as the political function of the outsider, the rival claims of reform and revolution, relationships between text and means of production and between forms and audience ownership. The perennial question of the battle between republicanism and …
History As Rumor: The Political Fantasy Of The Negrense Elite In Vicente Groyon'sthe Sky Over Dimas, Mayel P. Martin
History As Rumor: The Political Fantasy Of The Negrense Elite In Vicente Groyon'sthe Sky Over Dimas, Mayel P. Martin
Kritika Kultura
This ideological critique reads Vicente Groyon’s The Sky Over Dimas in its appropriation of historiographic metafiction. The paper argues that its two borrowed modes, historiography and metafiction, function as a symbolic act following Fredric Jameson’s Marxist interpretive ground of the political. In The Sky Over Dimas, historiographic metafiction is a symbolic act that articulates the political unconscious/fantasy of the landed elite while repressing their role in the perpetuation of the feudal system of sugar in Negros. This provisionalizing or bracketing of history in the novel, unlike other historiographic metafictional texts like Great Philippine Jungle Energy Café, State of War and …
The Colonial Doubling, Or The Challenge For Colonial Authority, Yohanes Hartadi
The Colonial Doubling, Or The Challenge For Colonial Authority, Yohanes Hartadi
Kritika Kultura
This essay discusses R.M. Minke’s (partial) presence in Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s The Buru Quartet. The quartet starts with signs exhibiting the triumph of Western colonialism in the Dutch East Indies. The Western-educated Minke acknowledges the superiority of Western science and technology. He writes in Dutch, the signifier of the colonial authority. This essay examines Minke’s adoption of Western culture and the colonial representation where his (partial) presence challenges the authority of colonial discourse. Framed within Bhabha’s theory of hybridity, this essay will find out how the colonial discourse is always in the state of splitting which menaces the colonial authority.