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Editor's Introduction, Vincenz Serrano Dec 2024

Editor's Introduction, Vincenz Serrano

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


Front Matter, Kritika Kultura Dec 2024

Front Matter, Kritika Kultura

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


Japan's Soft Power And "Grand Fictions" In Global Venues: Japanese Pop Culture Franchises And Fictionality-Based Tactics, Marco Pellitteri Dec 2024

Japan's Soft Power And "Grand Fictions" In Global Venues: Japanese Pop Culture Franchises And Fictionality-Based Tactics, Marco Pellitteri

Kritika Kultura

This article discusses the notion of soft power and how Japan’s government has recently made use of imaginary characters from “manga” and “anime” to promote the country’s appeal. I focus on the official video clip for the Tokyo 2020 Olympics, first released in 2016. This montage features not only Japan’s Prime Minister as well as Japanese athletes and show-business celebrities, but also fictional characters. On the one hand, this cast assists in creating a display of “official Japaneseness” as a presentation strategy for the 2020 Olympics host country, deploying Shinzō Abe as a testimonial. On the other hand, while fiction …


Fan Entrepreneurship: Fandom, Agency, And The Marketing Of Hallyu In Israel, Nissim Otmazgin, Irina Lyan Dec 2024

Fan Entrepreneurship: Fandom, Agency, And The Marketing Of Hallyu In Israel, Nissim Otmazgin, Irina Lyan

Kritika Kultura

While the overall majority of Hallyu research has looked at the way fans consume Korean popular culture and how it influences their identity, this paper focuses on the way these fans serve as effective agents for marketing Hallyu and how their fandom empowers them to explore new business and social opportunities. Focusing on what we call “fan entrepreneurship,” this paper examines the evolvement of fan communities in Israel and their role as cultural agents transcending different cultural and social contexts. More specifically, it analyzes their role as promoters, distributers, and entrepreneurs of Hallyu. To examine fan entrepreneurship in action, we …


The Fandom Of Hallyu, A Tribe In The Digital Network Era: The Case Of Army Of Bts, Woongjo Chang, Shin-Eui Park Dec 2024

The Fandom Of Hallyu, A Tribe In The Digital Network Era: The Case Of Army Of Bts, Woongjo Chang, Shin-Eui Park

Kritika Kultura

Hallyu, the Korean Wave, has entered another stage with the emergence and dramatic success of BTS, a seven-member South Korean boy band, and its uniquely engaged fandom. The band’s fan club, ARMY of BTS, through their social media presence and other internet activities, is a significant factor in the band’s success. Unlike traditional fandom, ARMY has built a huge base of support by championing the message that everyone must find their own personal taste and voice, demonstrating in the process the tribal power of global fandom as a far-reaching cultural phenomenon that exceeds the scope of traditional fan clubs. Adopting …


Accumulated And Accumulable Cultures: The Case Of Public And Private Initiatives Toward K-Pop, Jimmyn Parc, Hwy-Chang Moon Dec 2024

Accumulated And Accumulable Cultures: The Case Of Public And Private Initiatives Toward K-Pop, Jimmyn Parc, Hwy-Chang Moon

Kritika Kultura

When it comes to the promotion of culture, many tend to highlight the vital role of public initiatives. This idea is based on the common perception that culture is part of the nation- state. This belief also stems from the confusion between two types of culture. To address such misperceptions, this paper emphasizes a distinction between accumulated and accumulable cultures: The former is associated with the nation-state and local conditions. Given that it has formed over a long period of time with the accumulation of related cultural practices, the need to protect it is strong. On the other hand, accumulable …


Between Technological Advancement And Protectionism: The Bumpy Evolution From Mp3 Players To Smartphones In Korea, Jimmyn Parc Dec 2024

Between Technological Advancement And Protectionism: The Bumpy Evolution From Mp3 Players To Smartphones In Korea, Jimmyn Parc

Kritika Kultura

In recent years, K-pop or Korean popular songs have enjoyed immense popularity around the world. However, the situation was very different before the mid-2000s when the industry was suffering from widespread piracy of its music. Furthermore, the emergence of the MP3 phone in the early 2000s provoked two critical conflicts. One was between the producers of the MP3 phone who were large conglomerates and the manufacturers of the standalone MP3 player who were smaller companies that feared for their future. The other conflict was between the producers of the MP3 phone and the Korean music industry who believed this new …


Front Matter, Kritika Kultura Dec 2024

Front Matter, Kritika Kultura

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


Reading Carlos Bulosan/Documenting The Filipino Diaspora: An Editorial Introduction To Writer In Exile/Writer In Revolt: Critical Perspectives On Carlos Bulosan, Jeffrey Arellano Cabusao Dec 2024

Reading Carlos Bulosan/Documenting The Filipino Diaspora: An Editorial Introduction To Writer In Exile/Writer In Revolt: Critical Perspectives On Carlos Bulosan, Jeffrey Arellano Cabusao

Kritika Kultura

This editorial introduction to Writer in Exile/Writer in Revolt: Critical Perspectives on Carlos Bulosan (2016) sheds light on the diasporic scope of Bulosan’s literary imagination and the literary scholarship on his diverse body of writing. Writer in Exile/Writer in Revolt gathers for the first time nearly sixty years of literary criticism by scholars in the United States and the Philippines on Bulosan, a pioneering twentieth-century Filipino writer in the United States. The editorial introduction highlights the ways in which Writer in Exile/Writer in Revolt documents the unfolding of Bulosan’s radical literary imagination which straddles the colonial and neocolonial periods of …


Pelikulang Komiks: Toward A Theory Of Filipino Film Adaptation, Joyce L. Arriola Dec 2024

Pelikulang Komiks: Toward A Theory Of Filipino Film Adaptation, Joyce L. Arriola

Kritika Kultura

This paper tackles the major assumptions of a proposed/emergent Filipino komiks-to-film adaptation theory based on archival texts from the 1950s. An inventory of extant texts has led to the identification of twelve komiks-to-film adaptations representing Filipinized genres such as the korido film, fantasy/folklore, family drama, woman’s film, personality comedy, and historical film. Textual analysis of uncovered texts has been complemented by a social film history based on unstructured interviews with ten komiks and film scholars and retrieval of archival film journalism pieces. The main concern of this paper is to present the concepts and assumptions about komiks-to-film adaptation that will …


The Construction Of Modernity In Pre-Independent Indonesia And Its Ensuing Manifestation In Critical Discourse And Literary Theory, Paulus Sarwoto Dec 2024

The Construction Of Modernity In Pre-Independent Indonesia And Its Ensuing Manifestation In Critical Discourse And Literary Theory, Paulus Sarwoto

Kritika Kultura

This article traces the development of what may be called Indonesian critical discourse particularly related to the position of “West” and “East” from the colonial period to the New Order era. The development of this discourse and its manifestation in Indonesian literary theory began with a postcolonial debate on the construction of Indonesian modernity, i.e., toward which center it is going to be oriented. The tension between Western-centric discourse, on the one hand, and traditional orientation, on the other, characterized the earliest intellectual debate in the 1930s. This argument took a different contour in the 1960s when the tension turned …


Critical Crossings: Hybridity's Fissures And Ruptures, Maria Luisa Torres Reyes Dec 2024

Critical Crossings: Hybridity's Fissures And Ruptures, Maria Luisa Torres Reyes

Kritika Kultura

The papers in this special section at once undertake and undermine the discourse of hybridity, at once to recognize the strength of its rhetorical force and critique the limits of its explanatory power. Rather than viewing hybridity as a kind of floating signifier in all its ambivalence as many postcolonial studies have been noted to have undertaken, the papers explore its conditions of possibility in the context of the materiality of the historical situation and specifically in the concreteness of the authors’ inscription in history and the worldly particularity of literature, literary form, and criticism. As a category, for a …


Message, E. San Juan Jr. Dec 2024

Message, E. San Juan Jr.

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


Parallel Growths, Joel David Dec 2024

Parallel Growths, Joel David

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


A Tribute To Lulu Reyes, Jan Baetens Dec 2024

A Tribute To Lulu Reyes, Jan Baetens

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


Wrestling With Or Embracing Digitization In The Music Industry: The Contrasting Business Strategies Of J-Pop And K-Pop, Jimmyn Parc, Nobuko Kawashima Dec 2024

Wrestling With Or Embracing Digitization In The Music Industry: The Contrasting Business Strategies Of J-Pop And K-Pop, Jimmyn Parc, Nobuko Kawashima

Kritika Kultura

Digitization has significantly changed the process for producing and consuming music: from analogue to digital, albums to songs, possess to access, audio to visual, and end products to promotional products. In this globalized digital era, actively embracing digitization would likely help enhance the competitiveness of the music industry. The rise of K-pop and the decline of J-pop clearly demonstrate the different results from whether to embrace or wrestle with digitization. The Korean music industry recognized changes brought on by digitization earlier and was more active in responding with effective strategies. By contrast, the Japanese music industry did not immediately respond …


Editor's Introduction, Vincenz Serrano Dec 2024

Editor's Introduction, Vincenz Serrano

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


Where Is 'East Of Eden'?: The Politics Of Steinbeck's Literary Reputation In Slovenia, Danica Čerče Dec 2024

Where Is 'East Of Eden'?: The Politics Of Steinbeck's Literary Reputation In Slovenia, Danica Čerče

Kritika Kultura

Katherine Arens maintains that literary texts or authors can function as prototypes for their speech genres within literary history and in a cultural community. Until very recently, in Slovenia, John Steinbeck has been regarded primarily as an objective social chronicler of the Great Depression. This popular critical view, earned with his “labor trilogy,” The Grapes of Wrath, In Dubious Battle, and Of Mice and Men, is needlessly limiting, given that Steinbeck’s literary achivements extend well beyond the modes and methods of traditional realism or documentary representation. Written against the background of the critical discourse regarding the political implications of literary …


Front Matter, Front Matter Dec 2024

Front Matter, Front Matter

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


Landlessness, War, And Displacement In Literatures Of Mindanao And Sulu, Sherwin Mendoza Dec 2024

Landlessness, War, And Displacement In Literatures Of Mindanao And Sulu, Sherwin Mendoza

Kritika Kultura

This monograph attempts to clarify the relationships of Filipino Americans to the diaspora of Christian settler colonists in Mindanao with the hope of facilitating solidarity between Filipino Americans and the peoples of Mindanao and Sulu. It begins with a consideration of Carlos Bulosan, perhaps the most prominent figure within the discipline of Filipino American Studies, in terms of the brief appearance of Mindanao in America is in the Heart. The bulk of the monograph, however, is centered on literatures of the Southern Philippines, a region that is often overlooked within the discipline of Filipino American Studies, and in particular it …


The Alien, The Citizen, And The Triumphant Capitalist, Gloria G. Gonzales Dec 2024

The Alien, The Citizen, And The Triumphant Capitalist, Gloria G. Gonzales

Kritika Kultura

This paper examines notions of the “alien” and the “citizen” or the outsider and insider based on the Chinese Filipino experience as portrayed in Charlson Ong’s novel Banyaga: The Song of War (2006). Although the Chinese have lived in the Philippine archipelago since the twelfth century, they have always been considered banyaga (alien or foreigner) by Filipino “natives.” I argue that the marginalization of the Chinese has led them to specialization in trade and commerce, which in turn has steered them, paradoxically, towards exceptionalism. As such, I correlate Ong’s banyaga with Georg Simmel’s concept of the stranger and argue that …


Firmament Occupation: The Philippine Star System, Joel David Dec 2024

Firmament Occupation: The Philippine Star System, Joel David

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


Christianity As A Culture Of Mobility: A Case Study Of Asian Transient Migrants In Singapore, Catherine Gomes, Jonathan Y. Tan Dec 2024

Christianity As A Culture Of Mobility: A Case Study Of Asian Transient Migrants In Singapore, Catherine Gomes, Jonathan Y. Tan

Kritika Kultura

More than ever before, the global and transnational movements of young people for work and study have become part of everyday life. Yet there is very little research on this phenomenon in relation to how actors in transience create strategies to cope with being away from home nation (place of birth and/or citizenship) and from family. As part of the findings of a larger international study on the identities, social networks and media/ communication use of transient migrants, researchers found that Christianity featured prominently during life in transience for Asian respondents. This paper thus puts forward the notion that Christianity …


Guest Editor's Introduction, Joel David Dec 2024

Guest Editor's Introduction, Joel David

Kritika Kultura

Although vital to the existence of the Philippine movie industry, stardom has rarely garnered scholarly attention apart from the auteurist (film-artist) or biographical modes. Part of the reason is external, in the sense that media-studies approaches to star-text discourses emerged relatively recently, and may still be in the process of further refinement. However, a crucial internal reason is that the primary Philippine example, Nora Aunor, inadvertently affirms the earlier, now-conventional approach by virtue of her singular dominance as both top star and top multimedia performer. This study will track relevant trends in star studies vis-à-vis Philippine scholarly output, and will …


Christianity From The Margins In Southeast Asia, Jose Mario C. Francisco, Shanthini Pillai Dec 2024

Christianity From The Margins In Southeast Asia, Jose Mario C. Francisco, Shanthini Pillai

Kritika Kultura

Studies on Christianity in Asia have been weighed down by a double burden—the commonplace of Christianity as a passive minority and an invading foreign as well as the notions of religion and secularization derived from western experience. The following essays of Forum Kritika shed both burdens by focusing on the “lived religion” of different Christian groups and leaders on the margins of Southeast Asian societies because of religious faith as well as ethnicity, status or location. Their critical analysis shows how these actors interacted with other social and cultural traditions and problematized narratives of identity linked to the dominant sociocultural …


Front Matter, Kritika Kultura Dec 2024

Front Matter, Kritika Kultura

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


Global Aestheticscapes: Re-Imag(In)Ing The Global Experiences Of Selected Filipino Artists Through Their Installation Artworks, Clod Marlan Krister V. Yambao Dec 2024

Global Aestheticscapes: Re-Imag(In)Ing The Global Experiences Of Selected Filipino Artists Through Their Installation Artworks, Clod Marlan Krister V. Yambao

Kritika Kultura

This paper attempts to look at the contemporary global condition of Filipino art production by using the term “aestheticscapes”1 as a critical category of analysis. The confluence of the terms “aesthetics” and “-scapes” allows us to stretch the language of aesthetic production in a global scale of interactions, exchanges, contacts, circulations, negotiations, and amalgamations of geo and ethnoaesthetic positions. Significantly, “aestheticscapes” magnify the conditions of epistemic relations between global powers and discourses of the agencies of the artists via history, geography, aesthetic epistemes, and other social narratives. By looking at the installation artworks of selected Filipino diasporic, migrant, and mobile …


Kasaysayan, Sining, Literatura: Ang Politika Ng Panitikan Sa Makabagong Panahon, E. San Juan Jr. Dec 2024

Kasaysayan, Sining, Literatura: Ang Politika Ng Panitikan Sa Makabagong Panahon, E. San Juan Jr.

Kritika Kultura

Sa realidad ng ating sitwasyong neokolonyal, isinasakatuparan ng araling panliteratura ang minanang tungkuling ginagampanan nito na gawing masunuring sabjek ang indibidwal na may kakayahang mangatwiran. Sinusugpo ng normatibong ideolohiya ang pagsusuri, at tuloy ikinukubli ang karanasan ng eksploytasyon at tunggalian ng mga uri. Sinusupil ang mismong konsepto ng ideolohiya, itinatakwil ang mga konteksto’t praktikang pang- institusyonal na siyang yumayari dito. Gamit ang historistiko’t sintomatikong pagbasa ng nobela ni Lualhati Bautista bilang halimbawa, tinatalakay dito ang pagkakaiba ng ideolohiya ng teksto sa diwa ng awtor dahil sa maraming namamagitang puwersa tulad ng alyenasyon at reipikasyon. Sa bisa ng sari-saring mekanismong pang-interpelasyon, …


Shattering Silence: Tracing Speciesism In Philippine Children’S Literature, Chryssa Celestino Dec 2024

Shattering Silence: Tracing Speciesism In Philippine Children’S Literature, Chryssa Celestino

Kritika Kultura

What does it mean to write the animal? In Philippine children’s literature where the population of the nonhuman animal is difficult to ignore, writing (about) them is supposed to aspire familiarization: an action that guides the child reader toward concepts of animality. The nonhuman animal has also been recognized as therapeutic narrative elements, aids in identity construction, and effective fictional teachers of species relationships. The inclusion and, more accurately, the functions of the nonhuman animal in the text, however, are symptomatic of speciesism: the belief in human superiority, and the redundant establishment of their supremacy. Influenced by the insights of …


Inside Out, Outside In: Teaching World Literature Through Philippine Literature, Resil B. Mojares Dec 2024

Inside Out, Outside In: Teaching World Literature Through Philippine Literature, Resil B. Mojares

Kritika Kultura

How to fit a subject so immense into curricular space so small is a continuing challenge in Philippine education, particularly when there are sweeping curricular changes as in the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013 (“K-12′′). This paper critiques mechanistic conceptions of “world literature” and “Philippine regional literature” under the proposed new curriculum, and proposes an approach that stresses the interactive, mutually constitutive relations between the two, and thus requires a pedagogical plan in which world literature is taught through Philippine literature, and vice versa. The approach is based not only on the assumption that the two (world/nation) should not …