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Validation Of Student Attitudes Toward Stem (S-Stem) Survey In Secondary Schools In Tanzania, Florence Kyaruzi Dr, Mjege Kinyota, Nyanjiga Rukondo Mar 2022

Validation Of Student Attitudes Toward Stem (S-Stem) Survey In Secondary Schools In Tanzania, Florence Kyaruzi Dr, Mjege Kinyota, Nyanjiga Rukondo

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Tanzania has been taking various initiatives to promote positive attitudes towards, and interest in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) among students. Such initiatives call for systematic tools to be used to assess students’ attitudes towards STEM so as to inform appropriate interventions. This study investigated the extent to which S-STEM is a valid psychometric instrument for measuring secondary school students’ attitudes towards STEM in the Tanzanian context. Additionally, the study sought to establish whether S-STEM is a valid measure of students’ attitudes towards STEM across gender. Data was gathered from 16 secondary schools. A total of 1,382 Form 2 …

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Structural Analysis Of Code-Switching In Tanzanian Swahili-English Online Telecom Adverts, Emmanuel Ilonga Dr Mar 2022

Structural Analysis Of Code-Switching In Tanzanian Swahili-English Online Telecom Adverts, Emmanuel Ilonga Dr

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This study analyses structural configurations of code-switching from Swahili-English online business-related advertisements in Tanzania. The study uses advertisements disseminated by telecom corporations on Facebook. Through the matrix language frame (MLF), and the 4–M models of code-switching, the study discloses the dominance of Swahili as the matrix language (ML), supplying a relatively higher quantity of content morphemes (CM) in clauses; whilst English becomes the embedded language (EL). The Swahili’s supremacy in larger mixed language structures reflects the higher application of Swahili in day-to-day interactions in Tanzania, while English ‘chips in’ at times. In bundle names, which are phrases in structure, the …

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Assessment Of Radiation Exposure Levels From Selected Scrap Metal Stores In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Innocent J. Lugendo Mar 2022

Assessment Of Radiation Exposure Levels From Selected Scrap Metal Stores In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Innocent J. Lugendo

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This study analyses the radiation exposure rate emanating from scrap metal stores in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, using the ion chamber based survey meter and a Gamma-Scout radiation detector. Two (2) scrap metal stores located at Manzese and Ubungo-External were selected for the investigation. The radiation exposure rates in μSv/hr at 20 randomly selected points in each store were determined using a survey meter. More readings were taken at points 100m away from each of the stores to establish the background radiation exposure. From the readings of the survey meter, 3 points with the highest radiation exposure rates from each …

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Antibacterial And Anti-Hiv-1 Gp120 Activities Of Selected Medicinal Plants, Rose J. Masalu, Cyprian B. Mpinda Mar 2022

Antibacterial And Anti-Hiv-1 Gp120 Activities Of Selected Medicinal Plants, Rose J. Masalu, Cyprian B. Mpinda

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Medicinal plants play an important role in traditional medicine and drug development research because of their numerous bioactivities. However, some concerns have risen on the inefficiencies of such products due to improper use of medicinal plant products, notably when mixed with other traditional remedies. This study evaluates the antibacterial and anti-human immunodeficiency virus 1 glycoprotein 120/CD4 (anti-HIV-1 GP120/CD4) activities of medicinal plants species Sapium ellipticum, Pseudospondias microcarpa, and Capparis erythrocarpos; and their respective combinations effects. Results revealed that aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts of S. ellipticum and P. microcarpa had antimicrobial activities against S. aureus (ATCC 25923), E. coli (ATCC …

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Re-Joining Formal Schooling After A Postpartum Hiatus: Experiences Of Teenage Mothers Of Zanzibar, Elliott P. Niboye Mar 2022

Re-Joining Formal Schooling After A Postpartum Hiatus: Experiences Of Teenage Mothers Of Zanzibar, Elliott P. Niboye

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

The lack of nuanced understanding of how teens undertake their triple roles as mothers, parents and student is prevalent in Tanzania. This article highlights the plight of teenage mothers who are readmitted back to formal schooling in Zanzibar. Four objectives guided this study. The first was to determine the age at which most teenage girls fall pregnant,; second, how long do teen mothers take to return to school after delivery; third, the challenges that teenage mothers encounters when they re-join schooling; and lastly, the coping strategies used by teen mothers to overcome challenges encountered after re joining school. Public rapid …

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Feedback Preferences Of University Student-Teachers From Supervisors And Their Rationale In Teaching Practicum, Innocent B. Rugambuka, Josta L. Nzilano Mar 2022

Feedback Preferences Of University Student-Teachers From Supervisors And Their Rationale In Teaching Practicum, Innocent B. Rugambuka, Josta L. Nzilano

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This study examines the feedback preferences of university student-teachers (STs) from supervisors and the rationale for the preferences during teaching practicum (TP). It involved second-year STs (N = 109) of a government-owned university in Tanzania. The study sought to achieve two objectives: (i) explore the type of feedback preferred by STs from their supervisors during TP; and (ii) elicit the reasons for the feedback preferences during TP. Interviews and focused group discussions were used for data collection. The findings indicated that STs mostly prefer written (59%) over oral (38%) and blended (3%) types of feedback. However, the rationale for the …

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Contamination Of Aflatoxins And Selected Heavy Metals In Commercially Available Traditional Herbal Medicines In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Frank P. Fovo, Esther F. Mvung Mar 2022

Contamination Of Aflatoxins And Selected Heavy Metals In Commercially Available Traditional Herbal Medicines In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Frank P. Fovo, Esther F. Mvung

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This study assesses the contamination of mycoflora, aflatoxins and selected heavy metals (Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) and Lead) (Pb) in traditional herbal medicines commercially available in Dar es Salaam. Samples were collected from registered traditional healers in three districts: Ilala, Kinondoni and Temeke. Fungal load were assessed using the pour plate technique, whereas aflatoxins and heavy metals were analysed using High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), respectively. The toxin levels obtained were high compared to the permissible levels reported in the Codex Alimentarius Commission. The fungal load in the sampled herbal materials …

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Plants Used By Nyamwezi Traditional Health Practitioners To Remedy Sexually Transmitted Infections In Sikonge, Tanzania, David S. Kacholi, Halima Amir Mar 2022

Plants Used By Nyamwezi Traditional Health Practitioners To Remedy Sexually Transmitted Infections In Sikonge, Tanzania, David S. Kacholi, Halima Amir

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This study aims to document medicinal plants used by Nyamwezi traditional health practitioners (NTHPs) in managing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Sikonge District. The data on medicinal plants were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. A total of 23 NTHPs were interviewed. The findings revealed that 28 medicinal plants, belonging to 16 families and 25 genera, are used for the management of STIs in Sikonge. Most species belonged to family Fabaceae (17.9%), Apocynaceae, Combretaceae and Euphorbiaceae (10.7% each), and Olacaceae and Rutaceae (7.1% each). Out of the recorded plants, 45.7% are used to manage gonorrhoea, 25.7% syphilis, 17.1% vaginal candidiasis, 8.6% …

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Willingness To Adopt The Spatial Monitoring And Reporting Tool (Smart): The Case Of Ugalla Game Reserve, Tanzania, Flora John Magige, Cuthbert L. Nahonyo, Paulo Wilfred, Heri Kayeye, Alex W. Kisingo Mar 2022

Willingness To Adopt The Spatial Monitoring And Reporting Tool (Smart): The Case Of Ugalla Game Reserve, Tanzania, Flora John Magige, Cuthbert L. Nahonyo, Paulo Wilfred, Heri Kayeye, Alex W. Kisingo

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

The Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool (SMART) is a software for measuring, evaluating and improving the effectiveness of wildlife-law enforcement patrols, thereby enabling a better use of limited capacity and human resources, and improving anti poaching in protected areas. The Ugalla Game Reserve introduced SMART in 2016 to facilitate patrol management in the protected area. The objective of this study is to determine the willingness of the Reserve staff to adopt the SMART technology two years after its implementation. Structured questionnaires were administered to 19 rangers from the headquarters and ranger posts of the Reserve who participated in the study. …

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Application Of Pheromone Is Potential Ecological Approach In Management Of Tuta Absoluta In Tomatoes: The Case Of Ruaha River Basin In Iringa, Tanzania, Theonest Kombe, Nicodemus D. Matojo, Fikira Kimbokota Mar 2022

Application Of Pheromone Is Potential Ecological Approach In Management Of Tuta Absoluta In Tomatoes: The Case Of Ruaha River Basin In Iringa, Tanzania, Theonest Kombe, Nicodemus D. Matojo, Fikira Kimbokota

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is currently considered to be one of the most destructive insect pests of tomatoes worldwide. The present study was conducted in three study sites along Ruaha River Basin, Iringa, Tanzania, to assess community awareness about T. absoluta infestation and its management. The study also evaluated the susceptibility of three tomato varieties against T. absoluta in a greenhouse setting, as well as the effect of colours of traps and doses of pheromone in attracting T. absoluta in a field environment. The field survey revealed that 97% of the respondents were aware of the …

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The Relationship Between Parents’ Socio-Economic Status And Pre-Schoolers’ Cognitive Development In Tanzania, Magolanga Shagembe, Nkanileka Loti Mgonda Mar 2022

The Relationship Between Parents’ Socio-Economic Status And Pre-Schoolers’ Cognitive Development In Tanzania, Magolanga Shagembe, Nkanileka Loti Mgonda

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This study examines the relationship between parents’ socio-economic status and cognitive development in pre-schoolers. Specifically, it explores the level of cognitive skills as demonstrated by pre-schoolers in a home environment, and the relationship between parents’ socio-economic status and pre-schoolers’ cognitive development. A total of 390 participants—including 195 children aged between 4 and 5 years and their parents (195)—from Msalala district in Shinyanga region completed a questionnaire with items on parents’ socio-economic status and cognitive skills of pre-schoolers. Findings indicated a significant positive relationship between parents’ level of education and both communication and problem-solving skills among pre-schoolers. There was a significant …

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Baphia Macrocalyx Leaf Extract Attenuates Rotenone-Induced Toxicity In Drosophila Melanogaster Model Of Parkinson’S Disease Feb 2022

Baphia Macrocalyx Leaf Extract Attenuates Rotenone-Induced Toxicity In Drosophila Melanogaster Model Of Parkinson’S Disease

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a motor disorder mostly affecting aged people, with not known standard therapy. The use of natural products is increasingly gaining attention for the treatment of different diseases. Baphia macrocalyx is a plant previously associated with antioxidant activities in in vitro studies. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the ameliorative potential of methanolic leaf extract of Baphia macrocalyx (MEBM) on rotenone-triggered toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. To this end, the study used a neurotoxin, rotenone, to induce PD in the fruit-fly to create a chemical PD in vivo model. Using biochemical, behavioural and molecular analyses, …

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Implications Of Language Policy In Tanzania On The Teaching Of English As A Foreign Language: Perspectives Of The University Of Dar Es Salaam Language Student-Teachers, Mwajuma Vuzo Feb 2022

Implications Of Language Policy In Tanzania On The Teaching Of English As A Foreign Language: Perspectives Of The University Of Dar Es Salaam Language Student-Teachers, Mwajuma Vuzo

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This paper examines the Language in Education Policy in Tanzania focusing on teaching of English as a foreign language. The paper distinguishes between foreign and second language learning contexts, and argues that English in Tanzania is a foreign language, and not a second language. Through the language policy, English is used a second language in the education sector as a language of instruction. This affects the effective teaching of the language as a foreign language. The paper uses a study on 335 language student-teachers at the University of Dar es Salaam to highlight the perspectives of language student-teachers on the …

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The Triple Linguistic Heritage In Tanzania: Opportunities And Challenges Feb 2022

The Triple Linguistic Heritage In Tanzania: Opportunities And Challenges

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Colonial history exposes Tanzania to triple linguistic heritage, that has at times plunged the nation into linguistic confusion. This heritage involves Kiswahili, ethnic community languages (ECLs) and English. Whereas each of the languages has been limited to some use through policies, some of the languages have pushed their own way, often breaking policy boundaries. It is shown in this paper that, firstly, the exclusion of ECLs by post independence policies has denied the nation important socio-cultural and economic avenues that could foster rapid social and economic development. Secondly, policies have not succeeded to strictly confine the three languages to some …

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Linguistic Analysis Of Swahili Traditional Poetry: A Survey Of Phonological Processes In Diwani Ya Amri Abedi, Method Samwel Feb 2022

Linguistic Analysis Of Swahili Traditional Poetry: A Survey Of Phonological Processes In Diwani Ya Amri Abedi, Method Samwel

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This article is anchored on the belief that poetry, just like any literary work, uses language as its medium. Thus, the article analyses poems from a linguistic viewpoint and diverges from the traditional literary analysis approach. It points out that poets, in most cases, do comply to linguistic rules or processes of a particular language used in poems although in several instances they may violate for literary purposes. The study presents how Amri Abedi complies and violates Swahili language phonological rules and literary motives for compliance and violation. Generally, the study is a result of qualitative research that was guided …

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A Portrait Of The Gender Gap In Stem: A Focus On Identity Formation Among Final-Year Undergraduate Students In Tanzania, Mjege Kinyota Dec 2021

A Portrait Of The Gender Gap In Stem: A Focus On Identity Formation Among Final-Year Undergraduate Students In Tanzania, Mjege Kinyota

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This study investigates whether male and female students differ with respect to their STEM identity, and how female students negotiate between being female and being students pursuing careers that are perceived as masculine. The study uses a sequential explanatory mixed method design. A total of 749 final year STEM students from three Tanzanian universities participated in a survey that investigated STEM identity using six sub-scales: identity prominence, gender identity, stereotype endorsement, self-efficacy, persistence intentions, and positive feedback. Also, 19 females were interviewed as a follow-up exploration. Findings indicated a significant difference on stereotype endorsement only, where males significantly held negative …

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Baphia Macrocalyx Leaf Extract Attenuates Rotenone-Induced Toxicity In Drosophila Melanogaster Model Of Parkinson’S Disease, Flora Stephano Dec 2021

Baphia Macrocalyx Leaf Extract Attenuates Rotenone-Induced Toxicity In Drosophila Melanogaster Model Of Parkinson’S Disease, Flora Stephano

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a motor disorder mostly affecting aged people, with not known standard therapy. The use of natural products is increasingly gaining attention for the treatment of different diseases. Baphia macrocalyx is a plant previously associated with antioxidant activities in in vitro studies. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the ameliorative potential of methanolic leaf extract of Baphia macrocalyx (MEBM) on rotenone-triggered toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. To this end, the study used a neurotoxin, rotenone, to induce PD in the fruit-fly to create a chemical PD in vivo model. Using biochemical, behavioural and molecular analyses, …

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Academic Coping Mechanisms Among Learners With Hearing Impairment In Inclusive Public Secondary Schools In Tanzania, Vincent J. Cosmas, Mwajabu Possi Dec 2021

Academic Coping Mechanisms Among Learners With Hearing Impairment In Inclusive Public Secondary Schools In Tanzania, Vincent J. Cosmas, Mwajabu Possi

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This study sought to explore academic coping mechanisms against educational challenges among learners with hearing impairment (HI) in inclusive public secondary schools in Tanzania. Specifically, it was guided by two research questions: (i) What coping mechanisms are employed by learners with HI in inclusive public secondary schools to cope with academic challenges? (ii) How often do learners with HI seek academic help within the school environment? The study was informed by the critical theory (CT) to facilitate the understanding of educational barriers and coping mechanisms. Being a qualitative study, it drew on purposive and convenient sampling strategies to obtain 108 …

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Factors Facilitating And Challenges Facing Community-Based Interventions In Improving Antenatal Care In Rural Tanza, Stephen Maluka, Chakupewa J. Mpambije Nov 2021

Factors Facilitating And Challenges Facing Community-Based Interventions In Improving Antenatal Care In Rural Tanza, Stephen Maluka, Chakupewa J. Mpambije

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

The improvement of antenatal care has remained a topical global concern as signalled by maternal deaths, which have remained unacceptably high, especially in low- and middle income countries. In response to this concern, community-based interventions through women’s groups have been implemented to improve antenatal care; and have shown promising results in rural settings. However, factors contributing to the success or failure of these interventions vary across geographical settings, thereby necessitating area specific considerations. This paper sets out to unveil significant facilitators and barriers to the implementation of women’s group interventions in Tanzania. A qualitative case study design was employed involving …

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Diversity And Composition Of Plant Species In The Geita Gold Mining Catchment Area, Tanzania, Mariam G. Mgendi, Mkabwa Lawrence Manoko, William J.S. Mwegoha Nov 2021

Diversity And Composition Of Plant Species In The Geita Gold Mining Catchment Area, Tanzania, Mariam G. Mgendi, Mkabwa Lawrence Manoko, William J.S. Mwegoha

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

A study on the diversity of plant species is of vital importance for the conservation of natural ecosystems that are increasingly being threatened by various anthropogenic activities. Greater diversity makes ecosystems healthier and resilient to stress, thus providing its services on which humans depend. This study aimed to assess the health of the ecosystem around the Geita Gold Mine (GGM) based on the diversity and composition of plant species. Two transects with a total of 14 sampling sites were established where the number of plant species were systematically recorded using nested quadrats. The diversity of species was determined using species …

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Stone Monuments Of Northern Lake Eyasi Basin At Olpiro, Oldogom And Olbili Sites In The Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania: Revisited Perspectives, Musa S. Mwitondi, Pastory Bushozi, Albert S. Mjandwa Nov 2021

Stone Monuments Of Northern Lake Eyasi Basin At Olpiro, Oldogom And Olbili Sites In The Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania: Revisited Perspectives, Musa S. Mwitondi, Pastory Bushozi, Albert S. Mjandwa

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Despite the outstanding contribution of Lake Eyasi Basin to human origins and cultural development from the middle stone age (MSA) to the historic period, other archaeological occurrences in the area with outstanding cultural values such as burial cairns, stone enclosures, megalithic walls, and dolmens have remained less emphatic among scholars. Although these are widespread across the cultural landscape of the region, yet they have attracted little scientific attention. These stone monuments were first reported in the 1960s and 1970s, and precisely correlated to the agricultural terraces of Engaruka, the astonishing late iron age agricultural scheme of northern Tanzania. This study …

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The Effects Of Household Shocks On Child Nutrition Status In Tanzania, Monica Sebastian Kauky, Martin Chegere, Razack Bakari Lokina Nov 2021

The Effects Of Household Shocks On Child Nutrition Status In Tanzania, Monica Sebastian Kauky, Martin Chegere, Razack Bakari Lokina

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

The main objective of this paper is to examine the effects of household shocks on the nutrition status of children between 0–59 months in Tanzania. The study employed the national panel survey data of Tanzania collected in three waves: 2008/09, 2010/11, and 2012/13. The study used the panel random-effects probit model to estimate the effects of household shocks on child nutrition status, measured by binary variables: stunting, wasting, and underweight. Findings indicated that weather shocks increase the probability of a child being stunted and underweight. Moreover, the results revealed that food price rise shocks and the death of a family …

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Market-Driven Rice Farming And Water Use Change In Mbarali District From The Mid-1980s To The 2010s, George K. Ambindwile Nov 2021

Market-Driven Rice Farming And Water Use Change In Mbarali District From The Mid-1980s To The 2010s, George K. Ambindwile

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This paper examines the effects of market-driven rice farming on the use of water in Mbarali District from about the mid-1980s to 2010s. It specifically traces the development of both peasant and state rice farming and their subsequent effects on water use in the district. The study is essentially qualitative, although in some cases it uses quantitative data to validate its arguments. Thus, it adopts political economy and historical ecology theories to understand changes brought by market-driven rice farming; and the ways peasants struggled to accommodate those changes in their agricultural practices. The area of study included six villages, namely …

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Model Fitting And Analysis Of The Cost-Effectiveness Of Control Strategies In The Threatened Wildebeest-Lion Prey-Predator System In The Serengeti Ecosystem, Thadei D. Sagamiko Nov 2021

Model Fitting And Analysis Of The Cost-Effectiveness Of Control Strategies In The Threatened Wildebeest-Lion Prey-Predator System In The Serengeti Ecosystem, Thadei D. Sagamiko

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

In this paper, a wildebeest-lion prey-predator model for the Serengeti ecosystem was adopted from a previous publication. The threats to the model system were poaching, retaliatory killings, and droughts. The proposed threat control strategies for these threats were anti-poaching patrol to mitigate poaching, construction of strong bomas to reduce retaliatory killings, and construction of dams to mitigate the impact of droughts. Data on the lion population density in the Serengeti ecosystem were used to fit the model by using the maximum likelihood method. The impact of different control strategies for a period of five years was analysed using the incremental …

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Assessment Of The Relationship Between Heavy Metal Concentrations In Soil And Tea Leaves Grown At Amani In Tanga Region By Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (Edxrf), Mohamed Mazunga, Masasi Kamanyola Nov 2021

Assessment Of The Relationship Between Heavy Metal Concentrations In Soil And Tea Leaves Grown At Amani In Tanga Region By Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (Edxrf), Mohamed Mazunga, Masasi Kamanyola

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Determination of the concentration of heavy metals in tea leaves is important in assessing its quality for human consumption. This study aimed to assess the relationship between the concentration of heavy metals in soil and tea leaves at Kwamkoro tea plantation in Amani, Tanga. The soil and tea leaves samples were analysed by using the Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry. The results of heavy metals mean concentrations in soil were Cr (185.65 ± 27.91 µg/g), Mn (341.15 ± 24.41 µg/g), Ni (25.6 ± 3.27 µg/g), Cu (21.71 ± 2.33 µg/g), Zn (41.29 ± 5.27 µg/g), As (1.25 ± 0.17 µg/g), …

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Determination Of Angular Distribution Of Bremsstrahlung Spectral Temperature Measured At The Centre Position Of Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source, Mwingereza John Kumwenda Dr Nov 2021

Determination Of Angular Distribution Of Bremsstrahlung Spectral Temperature Measured At The Centre Position Of Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source, Mwingereza John Kumwenda Dr

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This study aims at determining azimuthal angular distribution of bremsstrahlung spectral temperature measured from 28-GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS), using data obtained from the Busan centre of Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI). Bremsstrahlung photons of the angular distributions from 28-GHz ECR Ion source at the KBSI were measured in three azimuthal angles for the first time. Three round type NaI(TI) scintillation detectors were used to measure the angular distributions of the bremsstrahlung photons emitted at the centre position of the ECRIS at the same time. Monte Carlo simulation based on Geant4 package was performed to take the geometrical …

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Adaptation Versus Adoption Of Sounds From Kiswahili Into Chimalaba, Hamisi Amani Nov 2021

Adaptation Versus Adoption Of Sounds From Kiswahili Into Chimalaba, Hamisi Amani

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This paper describes an exciting case of adaptation versus adoption of sounds from Kiswahili loanwords integrated into Chimalaba. The data were collected through interviews and targeted elicitation of lexical loanwords containing borrowed sounds. The analysis of adaptation and adoption of Kiswahili sounds into Chimalaba was guided by the assimilation theory (AT), which holds that speakers of the borrowing language always change the phonological patterns of loanwords so as to fit into the system of their language. The findings indicate that phonological integration of Kiswahili loanwords into Chimalaba displays two types of conformity: conformity to the phonological structure of the recipient …

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Teachers’ Attitudes Towards Student Caning: Do Differences In Socio-Demographic Characteristics Really Matter?, Nkuba. Mabula Oct 2021

Teachers’ Attitudes Towards Student Caning: Do Differences In Socio-Demographic Characteristics Really Matter?, Nkuba. Mabula

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Research findings from low-income and high-income countries indicate that teachers’ use of violent discipline is prevalent. However, studies that explore teachers’ attitudes towards violence and its association to their socio-demographic characteristics are lacking. This paper assessed teachers’ attitudes towards student caning and the associated teachers’ socio-demographic characteristics. The data were drawn from four schools in two regions using a case study design. Considering the total number of participants, 72 teachers (53% females; average age: 32.47 years, SD = 6.64, range: 22–59 years) participated in this study. Of the 72 teachers, their qualification ranged from postgraduate degree (2.8%), bachelor’s degree (74%), …

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Demographic Factors As Determinants Of Adolescents’ Help-Seeking Intention For Sexual Exploitation In Tanzania, Budeba Petro Mlyakado, Jessica Chi-Mei Li Oct 2021

Demographic Factors As Determinants Of Adolescents’ Help-Seeking Intention For Sexual Exploitation In Tanzania, Budeba Petro Mlyakado, Jessica Chi-Mei Li

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This study examines the influence of adolescents’ gender, age, locality, and history of sexual victimisation on adolescents’ help-seeking intention for sexual exploitation. It compares how these demographic variables influence adolescents’ intention to seek help from formal sources (teachers, police, doctors/nurses, counsellors/social workers, local government leaders, and religious leaders); informal sources (parents, i.e., father and mother), guardians (uncles, aunts and grandparents); siblings (brothers, sisters or cousins), and friends. In this study, a cross-sectional survey is used to examine responses from a stratified random sample of 1,116 adolescents aged 13-17 years (M = 15.66; SD = 1.09), recruited from rural and urban …

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The Negative Effects Of Cyberbullying Among Secondary School Adolescents In Tanzania, Hezron Zacharia Onditi, Jennifer Shapka Oct 2021

The Negative Effects Of Cyberbullying Among Secondary School Adolescents In Tanzania, Hezron Zacharia Onditi, Jennifer Shapka

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Cyberbullying and its associated consequences on children and adolescents has recently become a problem of global concern. Using phenomenological research design, this study explores the negative effects of cyberbullying on Tanzanian secondary school female and male adolescents. A total of 20 adolescents (50% female) in secondary schools (Form I to Form IV) who identified themselves as victims of cyberbullying were involved in the interview to share their lived experiences on the negative effects of cyberbullying. From thematic analysis, results indicated that, similar to their counterpart adolescents in the developed countries, Tanzanian female and male adolescents have experienced emotional, social, cognitive, …

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