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- Grazing (380)
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- Nitrogen (177)
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- Sheep (160)
- Pasture (153)
- Cattle (152)
- Digestibility (146)
- Forage quality (137)
- Silage (137)
- Yield (131)
- Biodiversity (123)
- Nutritive value (120)
- Legumes (114)
- Trifolium repens (113)
- Intake (112)
- Stocking rate (110)
- Climate change (109)
- Perennial ryegrass (100)
- Phosphorus (100)
- Grasslands (99)
- Livestock (98)
- Lolium perenne (98)
- White clover (98)
- Grazing management (95)
- Management (95)
- Tall fescue (93)
- Seed production (91)
- Crude protein (90)
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Agricultural Behaviour Of Lablab Purpureus Cv. Rongai Under Cuban Conditions, V A. Remy, C Matias, A Perez, M Beavogui
Agricultural Behaviour Of Lablab Purpureus Cv. Rongai Under Cuban Conditions, V A. Remy, C Matias, A Perez, M Beavogui
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Production strategy of livestock in Cuba is based upon the utilization of swards as the main feeding source. Nevertheless, the climatical conditions that exist in certain period of the year lead to a seasonal productive unbalance due to the decreasing sequence of rainfall. Several alternatives have been adopted against this situation and one of them is the utilization of temporary cultivars. Taking into consideration the previous situation, the possibility of spreading Lablab purpureus, the suitable growth that it presents under temperatures among 18-30 °C (Duke, 1983), rainfall among 200-2500 mm (National Academy of Science, 1979) and its seed production from …
Influence Of The Manner Of Sowing And Vegetation Cycle On The Yield And Seed Quality Of Birdfoot Trefoil (Lotus Corniculatus), D Gataric, S Alibegovic-Grbic
Influence Of The Manner Of Sowing And Vegetation Cycle On The Yield And Seed Quality Of Birdfoot Trefoil (Lotus Corniculatus), D Gataric, S Alibegovic-Grbic
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In ecological conditions of Yugoslavia, birdsfoot trefoil, with its positive features, presents a very significant fodder crop, especially for the hill and mountain regions. However, due to poor seed production technology, there is a shortage of seed for more intensive production. Seed is usually produced on areas intended for the production of fodder, hand sown with large quantities of seed (25-35 kg/ha). The study was undertaken. with the following targets : I/determining the influence of the manner of sowing and vegetation cycle on the yield and the quality of seed ; 2/ determining the optimum sowing manner and vegetation cycle …
Nouvelles Possibilites De Lutte Contre Les Ravageurs De La Luzerne Porte-Graine En France, J Hacquet
Nouvelles Possibilites De Lutte Contre Les Ravageurs De La Luzerne Porte-Graine En France, J Hacquet
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
La mai'trise des insectes ravageurs dans la luzerne portegraine est une necessite pour l'obtention de rendements eleves et reguliers. La collaboration etroite entre le Service Technique de la FNAMS et la Laboratoire de Zoologie de l'INRA de Lusignan a permis d'inventorier les differents ravageurs, de mettre au point une panoplie de traitements et de faire connai'tre les moyens de lutte aupres de tous Jes praticiens de cette culture (FNAMS-INRA, 1980 et 1986). De plus des reseaux d'Avertissements Agricoles ont ete mis en place et suivis par le Service de la Protection des Vegetaux, avec la participation des professionnels (Perron, 1987). …
Variation Of Seed Yield And Its Components In Common Vetch (Vicia Sativa L.) Under Different Conditions, E Acikgoz, I Turgut, H Ekiz
Variation Of Seed Yield And Its Components In Common Vetch (Vicia Sativa L.) Under Different Conditions, E Acikgoz, I Turgut, H Ekiz
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) is widely used as a seed or hay crop in Turkey. In humid coastal areas it is principally used fot hay or green herbage while in dry regions it is used mostly for seed. Roughly ground vetch seed is a popular concentrated feed and mixed with straw or cereal grain (A9ikg6z, 1988). Approximately 200.000 ha of common vetch are seeded every year in Turkey. It is sown mostly as a spring-seeded crop and is often subjected to severe heat and drought stress as the season progress. Yields are generally low with an average seed …
White Clover Seed Production In Two Mediterranean Environments Of Tuscany And Sardinia, P Bullitta, Simonetta Bullitta, A Pardini, S Piemontese, P P. Roggero, P Talamucci
White Clover Seed Production In Two Mediterranean Environments Of Tuscany And Sardinia, P Bullitta, Simonetta Bullitta, A Pardini, S Piemontese, P P. Roggero, P Talamucci
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Purpose of the trialwas the identification of the most suitable varieties for white clover Trifolium repens L. seed production in Mediterranean environments. The main reason of this paper is to verify whether it is possible to produce seed of European varieties of white clover in south Europe considering that surfaces for seed production are decreasing in the northern European countries that were normally producers of white clover seed. The production of clover seed in southern Europe could advantageously replace the import from New Zealand and California.
Vegetative Propagation Of White Clover An Application In White Clover Seed Production, P C.D Newton, A I. Popay
Vegetative Propagation Of White Clover An Application In White Clover Seed Production, P C.D Newton, A I. Popay
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Establishment of white clover for agricultural purposes is invariably by seed. However, natural regeneration is almost entirely vegetative (Chapman, 1987), and flowering may be restricted to a small proportion of individuals within a population (Burdon, 1980) When white clover is present in the soil seedbank, there is potential for both intra- (between classes) and inter-varietal contamination of seed crops. Lancashire et al., (1985) have commented that genetic contamination of white clover seed is a world-wide problem. Volunteer seedlings may be removed from between the crop rows mechanically, but there remains an untreatable area close to the crop which is available …
Viability Of Stylosanthes Seeds As Affected By Storage Duration, J B. Brolmann, B J. Boman
Viability Of Stylosanthes Seeds As Affected By Storage Duration, J B. Brolmann, B J. Boman
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Tropical legumes such as members of the genus Stylosanthes (sty lo) contribute to the improvement of pastures in the tropics and sub-tropics. Stylosanthes is usually established from seed. In Florida, seed of Stylosanthes has to be produced and collected before the onset of the winter since occasional frosts can damage seed-bearing vegetation. Therefore, early maturing Stylosanthes varieties have been developed. In stylo seed collections maintained for breeding or seed exchange purposes, maintenances of seed viability is critical. New pests or new diseases may require a renewed screening of stored accessions. It is important, then, that the seed source of this …
Modification Of Stolon Growth, Development And Flowering By Plant Growth Regulators In White Clover (Trifolium Repens L.) Seed Crops, A H. Marshall, D H. Hides
Modification Of Stolon Growth, Development And Flowering By Plant Growth Regulators In White Clover (Trifolium Repens L.) Seed Crops, A H. Marshall, D H. Hides
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Within the EEC the need to develop low cost less intensive systems of animal production has led to an increase in the importance of legumes generally, and white clover in particular. At present, annual white clover seed usage within the EEC is approximately 4,000 tonnes, however, the self sufficiency rate is expected to fall below 50 % by the end of the 1980s due principally to unpredictable seed yields which make it an unprofitable crop for seed growers. The main component of seed yield in white clover is the number of ripe inflorescences at harvest (Zaleski, 1961) however, the proportion …
Growth Regulator Effects On Seed Production Of Lotus Corniculatus L. And Lotus Uliginosus Schkuhr., J G. Hampton, Qingfeng Li, M D. Hare
Growth Regulator Effects On Seed Production Of Lotus Corniculatus L. And Lotus Uliginosus Schkuhr., J G. Hampton, Qingfeng Li, M D. Hare
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Seed yield in both Lotus corniculatus L. and Lotus uliginosus Schkuhr. (syn. L. pedunculatus Cav.) is considered to be limited by the indeterminate growth habit which results in a protracted (2-4 month) flowering period (Witchwoot, 1987; Li and Hill, 1988) leading to wide variation in seed maturity and seed loss through pod shattering. In both species seed yield is determined primarily by the number of inflorescences (Mos, 1983 ; Witchwoot, 1987), and thus treatments which alter or remove apical dominance, enhance shoot production or main stem branching thereby increasing inflorescence numbers (Clifford et al., 1983 ; Li and Hill, 1988), …
Plant Resources And Forage Seed Production In China, Dong Peihua
Plant Resources And Forage Seed Production In China, Dong Peihua
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
China is situated in the Eastern part of Asia ; from North to South it extends across the temperate and tropical zones. From East to West it has humid, semiarid, arid regions. There is no frost through the year in some part ofHainan Island, Yunnan, Guangdong and Taiwan provinces. Therefore plants grow the year round and there is a wide range of tropical species. The geographical and climatical differences resulted in rich grass resources. There are three hundred million hectares of natural pastures in Northern China, with more than 4000 plant species. These plants have different degrees of feeding value. …
Harvest Management And Regrowth Of Trifolium Alexandrinum, R E. Joost, J D. Mooso
Harvest Management And Regrowth Of Trifolium Alexandrinum, R E. Joost, J D. Mooso
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Adaptation of berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum) beyond the coastal regions of the southeastern United States was limited by a lack of cold tolerance prior to the release of 'Bigbee', a selection from a stand of 'Sacromonte' subjected to temperature of -15 and -18 Con successive nights in 1972. The release of Bigbee in 1985 expanded the range of berseem clover adaptation to include the entire Southeast, as far north as Oklahoma (Knight, 1985). It is known that annual clovers do not rely on root reserve carbohydrates, but rather on residual leaf area and rapid leaf regeneration from active …
Closing Ceremony Speech, S. Ray Smith
Closing Ceremony Speech, S. Ray Smith
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
No abstract provided.
Soil Compaction And Novel Traffic Systems In Ryegrass Grown For Silage: Effects On Herbage Yield, Quality And Nitrogen Uptake, J T. Douglas, C E. Crawford
Soil Compaction And Novel Traffic Systems In Ryegrass Grown For Silage: Effects On Herbage Yield, Quality And Nitrogen Uptake, J T. Douglas, C E. Crawford
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Grassland soils, on which the crop is managed for conservation as silage, receive large amounts of vehicle and machinery traffic : rolling and multiple slurry and fertilizers applications, plus multiple harvests, are all activities which are potentially damaging to soil and sward. A number of short-term studies in the UK (Frame, 1987 and Frost, 1988) and elsewhere (Luten and Roozeboom, 1976, and Rasmussen and M¢ller, 1981) have indicated that dry matter yield can be reduced as a consequence of stress imparted to soil by agricultural tyres. Nevertheless, there is a general lack of information on the influence of soil compaction …
Contribution Of Red Clover To Maize Grain Yields, K D. Johnson, D K. Greene, J H. Cherney
Contribution Of Red Clover To Maize Grain Yields, K D. Johnson, D K. Greene, J H. Cherney
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Renewed emphasis has been placed on crop rotation systems that include a perennial legume. Reasons for this interest include protection of soil from erosion, protection of ground water from nitrate contamination, reduction of soil compaction, and potential for fewer inputs which could reduce costs of grain production. Barnes et al. (1985) reported that a nondormant alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) selected for increased Nin the root and crown had similar summer herbage yield as adapted dormant cultivars, but provided 62 % more symbiotically fixed N for a following crop than dormant cultivars. If most benefit is to be derived from cultivars …
Analysis Of The Effect On N Nutrition On Dry Matter Yield Of A Sward By Reference To Potential Yield And Optimum N Content, G Lemaire, F Gastal, J Salette
Analysis Of The Effect On N Nutrition On Dry Matter Yield Of A Sward By Reference To Potential Yield And Optimum N Content, G Lemaire, F Gastal, J Salette
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Previous work has shown that the N content of a sward could be related to the dry matter accumulation during the course of the regrowth by the following equation : N % = a(Wtb, where W is the weight of aboveground biomass and N % the N concentration of dry matter (Salette & Lemaire, 1981). The coefficient a represents the N % for an aerial biomass of I t/ha, and b characterizes the degree of dilution of N during the regrowth. When b = 0, N % remains constant during the regrowth. If b = I, there is an increase …
Nitrogen Fixation In Mixed Pastures Under Two Grazing Intensities, R O. Refi, C A. Navarro, C J. Escuder
Nitrogen Fixation In Mixed Pastures Under Two Grazing Intensities, R O. Refi, C A. Navarro, C J. Escuder
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In the Humid Pampa, 10 millions of ha present intrazonal hydromorphic alkaline soils with low P assimilable content and cyclic floods and droughts. Gramineous native ranges utilized for extensive cattle raising with low productivity levels occupy 70 % of the area. The lack of adapted legume and grass genotypes and little information about grazing management makes it difficult to increase production through implanted pastures due to their low persistence (Darwich and Gonzalez, 1982). To modify this situation an interdisciplinary study of four forage mixtures integrated by promising germplasm for that conditions was carried out. This paper is part of that …
Strategies Of Fertilizer Nitrogen Applications To Grassland For Beef: Effects On Production And Soil Mineral Nitrogen, N M. Titchen, R J. Wilkins, L Philipps, D Scholefield
Strategies Of Fertilizer Nitrogen Applications To Grassland For Beef: Effects On Production And Soil Mineral Nitrogen, N M. Titchen, R J. Wilkins, L Philipps, D Scholefield
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Experiments in Britain have shown beef production increases with fertilizer-N application to grazed grassland up to at least 300 kg N/ha (Wilkins et al., 1987; Baker and Mayne, 1988). However in view of the small offtake of N in the animal products (c.30 kg/ha) there is increased concern on the fate of the applied N, particularly in relation to loss of nitrate by leaching (Garwood and Ryden, 1986). This paper reports a 3-year experiment which examined the impact on production and on N movements of different strategies of fertilizer-N application and of the effects of removing grazing livestock at the …
Biomass Production And Nitrogen Transfer In Mixed Cropping With Glycine Max (L) Merr. And Sorghum Biocolor Moench, S Ogata, K Kuwata, H Saneoka, K Fujita
Biomass Production And Nitrogen Transfer In Mixed Cropping With Glycine Max (L) Merr. And Sorghum Biocolor Moench, S Ogata, K Kuwata, H Saneoka, K Fujita
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
It is well known that the mixed-cropping of legumes and grasses benefits the productivity and management of pastures (Ogata et al., 1986; Kawamoto et al., 1983). However, the effect of mixed-croppings on forage biomass production, and how to transfer N fixed to the associated gramineous plants in fields of low N fertility, is less well known (Simpson, 1965). The N accumulation and the transference ofN fixed in mixtures of forage type soybean and sorghum were studied as a model system.
Changes In Vegetation Of Various Meadows Under Differential Mineral Fertilization, S Benedycki, S Grzegorczyk, M Mlynarczyk, K Grabowski
Changes In Vegetation Of Various Meadows Under Differential Mineral Fertilization, S Benedycki, S Grzegorczyk, M Mlynarczyk, K Grabowski
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Permanent meadows and pastures occurring in the Mazurian Lake District (North-eastern part of Poland) constitute 32 % of arable lands. Most meadows are situated on peat soils (Olkowski, 1972). Continuous and successive changes take place in such populations. The moment some species decline, the number of others increases which are better adjusted to site conditions or human activity such as fertilization and the way of land use. These changes occur with different intensity depending on fertilizer doses, land use and site conditions which have not been well recognized with regard to permanent meadows (Olkowski and Olesinski, 1976, Eilart, 1986). Determination …
Developing Effective Nutrient Seed Coatings For Grasses And Legumes, J M. Scott
Developing Effective Nutrient Seed Coatings For Grasses And Legumes, J M. Scott
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Seed coatings provide a unique opportunity to supply developing seedlings with a source of nutrients to which each sown seedling has preferential access compared to neighbouring weeds, thus providing the seedlings with a competitive advantage during pasture establishment. A study of commercially prepared nutrient coatings (containing nitrogen [NJ, phosphorus [P] and sulfur [SJ) applied to seeds of perennial ryegrass showed that whilst the S component of the coating was effective, the P component was only partially effective, and the N component was ineffective in alleviating the respective soil nutrient deficiencies (Scott et al., 1985). The successful development of nutrient seed …
The Impact Of Renovation And Phosphate Fertilization On The Productivity Of Pastures In Uruguay, J A. Garcia
The Impact Of Renovation And Phosphate Fertilization On The Productivity Of Pastures In Uruguay, J A. Garcia
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Natural grasslands in Uruguay produce low yields of poor quality herbage and therefore intensive farming is based upon sown pastures of temperate species. Although quite productive, these pastures show high instability and after reaching a peak in the second year, herbage yields rapidly go down due to a consistent legume decline. They usually end up in the fourth year in a low producing grassy sward dominated by perennial grasses like tall fescue or by bermudagrass which is endemic in the cropping/pasture area. Thee lack of persistence is also common to other countries of the region and although the effects of …
Sur Les Teneurs En Molybedne Des Plantes Fourrageres Des Sols Liasiques Du Bassigny - Consequences Zootechniques, L Duval
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
En 1943, Ferguson et ses collaborateurs mirent en evidence que la teneur elevee en molybdene des plantes fourrageres est la cause d'une maladie des ruminants appelee scouring ou teartness et observee par Clarke (1855) sur les sols liasiques du Somerset (Grande-Bretagne); ils montrerent aussi que cette • intoxication molybdique ou molybdenose est prevenue et guerie par !'ingestion de cuivre (Ferguson et al., 1943). En France, c'est aussi sur des sols liasiques que des cas aigus de molybdenose ont ete identifies par Fretet (1959), a Is-enBassigny (Haute-Marne). Des determinations, effectuees par Flon (1968), confirmerent !'existence de teneurs elevees en molybdene clans …
Effects Of Changes In Fertilizer Use On The Composition And Productivity Of Permanent Grassland In Relation To Agricultural Production And Floristic Diversity, R J. Wilkins, A Hopkins, F W. Kirkham, C Sargent, O Mountford, C Dibb, J Gilbey
Effects Of Changes In Fertilizer Use On The Composition And Productivity Of Permanent Grassland In Relation To Agricultural Production And Floristic Diversity, R J. Wilkins, A Hopkins, F W. Kirkham, C Sargent, O Mountford, C Dibb, J Gilbey
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
More than 50 % of enclosed grassland in Britain comprises swards older than 20 years. There is much variation both in fertiliser inputs and in stocking rates, with the trend for increased intensity in use over the last 40 years now being succeeded by increased concern for nature conservation and the protection of the environment. In some areas financial incentives are given for the adoption of management practices intended to increase sward botanical diversity, but there is little information on the rates of change in botanical diversity and production as the management of an old sward is changed with either …
Phosphorus Requirement For Establishment Of Tropical Forage Grasses And Legumes, J A. Gomide
Phosphorus Requirement For Establishment Of Tropical Forage Grasses And Legumes, J A. Gomide
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Soil phosphorus level is a limiting factor for successfull forage establishment which, in turn, determines pasture productivity. Recommendations of P fertilization should not only be based on the available PO4 but should consider the soil P04 buffer capacity and the P critical value for the crop to be grown (Novais and Kamprath, 1979). This study aimed at the determinations of P critical doses and levels for the establishment of four species of Brachiaria and four tropical legumes, in five soils.
F.A.O Design K*B*P Trials In The Mid-Altitude Zone Of Yunnan Province, Southern China, J Bruce-Smith, Yang Guo-Rong, Huang Bi-Zhi, Li Ji-Xin
F.A.O Design K*B*P Trials In The Mid-Altitude Zone Of Yunnan Province, Southern China, J Bruce-Smith, Yang Guo-Rong, Huang Bi-Zhi, Li Ji-Xin
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The Project is investigating the development of « improved pastures » as a practical way to increase ruminant livestock production. Some preliminary results of fertilizer requirements, indicated that K and B may be required as well as P (Wang el al., 1985) for the establishment of such pastures in this mid-altitude (2,000 m) transitional sub-tropic-temperate zone of Yunnan. The objective of this paper is to present some experiences from applying the Hauser (1971) truncated factorial design trials (widely used by FAO to obtain N, P, K, fertilizer recommendations for cereal crops) to a pasture establishment situation where P. K and …
The Effects Of Reducing Or Stopping Fertilizer On New Zealand Dairy Pastures, M B. O'Connor, C Feyter, A.H C. Roberts
The Effects Of Reducing Or Stopping Fertilizer On New Zealand Dairy Pastures, M B. O'Connor, C Feyter, A.H C. Roberts
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
New Zealand agriculture with its reliance on legume-based pastures to supply nitrogen has a requirement for fertilizer inputs of phosphorus, sulphur, potassium and to a lesser extent, magnesium and various trace elements. The soils in the two main dairying regions of New Zealand (Waikato, Taranaki) are formed from volcanic ash parent material and are highly P retentive. Traditionally dairy pastures on such soils have been developed using heavy applications of P.K.S. fertilizers (750-1000 kg.ha-1 .year-1). Such rates have often continued for 10-20 years or more and scientists have repeatedly questioned the need for continued high inputs of fertilizer (Hutton, 1977; …
Effect Of Nitrogen Fertilization In Combination With Potassium And Phosphorus And Cutting Frequency On The Yield Of Brachiaria Ruzizensis In Adamawa, Cameroon, E T. Pamo, D Pieper
Effect Of Nitrogen Fertilization In Combination With Potassium And Phosphorus And Cutting Frequency On The Yield Of Brachiaria Ruzizensis In Adamawa, Cameroon, E T. Pamo, D Pieper
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Fertilizers have been shown to increase forage yields under some conditions (Owensby and Smith, 1975), but has very little effect under other conditions (Stoddart et al., 1975). Thus in recent years a great deal of attention has been focussed on the ways and possibilities of increasing forage production by fertilization. Various experiments have been conducted on the response of Brarhiaria ruziziensis Germain and Evrad, one of the best perennial forage grasses of the region, to fertilization at Wakwa Animal Research Station. Yonkeu et al., (1986) indicated that application of phosphorus did not lead to improved yield of the forage on …
Fixation De L’Azote Chez Le Trèfle Blanc (Trifolium Repens L.) Interactions Entre Le Deficit Hydrique Et La Fertilization Potassique, A Guckert, L Shamsun Noor, C Robin, D Schontz
Fixation De L’Azote Chez Le Trèfle Blanc (Trifolium Repens L.) Interactions Entre Le Deficit Hydrique Et La Fertilization Potassique, A Guckert, L Shamsun Noor, C Robin, D Schontz
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Le role du potassium au niveau de l'etat hydrique des vegetaux et notamment des processus d'osmoregulation est bien connu (Mengel, 1984). Dans ce contexte nous avons cherche a determiner l'effet d'un apport d'engrais potassique sur le comportement du trefle blanc en situation de deficit hydrique. Nos observations ont porte sur ]'evolution du potentiel de base, de l'activite photosynthetique et de la fixation d'azote.
White Clover (Trifolium Repens L.) For Low Input Pastoral Farming Systems, A D. Mackay, J R. Caradus
White Clover (Trifolium Repens L.) For Low Input Pastoral Farming Systems, A D. Mackay, J R. Caradus
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In temperate regions, white clover (Trifoliurn repens L.) is the predominant legume in pastures, because while fixing N it is able to withstand the stresses of grazing (Brougham et al., 1978). White clover is however a poor competitor for soil phosphate (P). This is of particular significance when many soils in New Zealand and throughout the world are P deficient. Regular inputs of P fertilizer are required to maintain the vigour and productivity of this forage legume. The increasing costs of manufacture and application of P fertilizer and at the same time the general decline in demand for agricultural …
The Effect Of Adjusting Soil Availbale N/P Ratio Through Fertilizing On The Growth Of Alfalfa, Zhongping Li, Shuzhen Wan, Jianqiang Zhao
The Effect Of Adjusting Soil Availbale N/P Ratio Through Fertilizing On The Growth Of Alfalfa, Zhongping Li, Shuzhen Wan, Jianqiang Zhao
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Our past experiments indicated that on calcareous soils, growing alfalfa for 5-7 years without phosphorus application led too large a soil available N/P ratio to keep the normal yield and quality of alfalfa production (Lin et al., 1964; Li, 1972). If phosphorus can be added sufficiently when alfalfa is grown, not only the Rhizobium nitrogen fixation can be promoted to keep a proper N/P ratio for alfalfa growth, but also a beneficial condition can be created for the following crops. (Li et al., 1988 ; Li, 1983).