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Extension Agronomist Perceptions Regarding Clover Use In The Usa, D M. Ball, G D. Lacefield
Extension Agronomist Perceptions Regarding Clover Use In The Usa, D M. Ball, G D. Lacefield
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Recent enhancement of economic incentives for using legumes in forage/livestock systems seems likely to result in greater usage of clovers in the USA. To determine attitudes regarding clovers, a questionnaire was sent to forage crop agronomists having Extension assignments. Responses to most questions varied greatly, particularly among geographic regions. Poor grazing management was identified as the primary concern or problem associated with clovers, followed by poor persistence, and a lack of recognition of the benefits. Improved forage quality was ranked as the most important benefit, followed by better distribution of pasture growth, and biological nitrogen fixation. The importance of benefits …
Roles Of Clovers In Southeast U.S.A Pastures, G D. Lacefield, D M. Ball, J C. Henning, M Rasnake
Roles Of Clovers In Southeast U.S.A Pastures, G D. Lacefield, D M. Ball, J C. Henning, M Rasnake
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Grasses dominate pastures in the Southeast U.S.A.; research and farmer experience have shown that the addition of legumes to grass dominant pastures can improve environmental, agronomic and animal parameters. Legumes grown in mixtures with grasses can increase yield, improve forage quality and animal performance, convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form useable by plants, extend the grazing season, and offset certain animal disorders. As livestock producers continue to strive for more sustainable feed production and utilization programs with greater emphasis on grazing, legumes will play an even greater role in Southeast U.S.A. agriculture.
Sustainable Grazing Systems- A Program To Develop And Deliver Improved Temperate Pastures In Australia, W K. Mason, G Kay, G Lodge
Sustainable Grazing Systems- A Program To Develop And Deliver Improved Temperate Pastures In Australia, W K. Mason, G Kay, G Lodge
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The Sustainable Grazing Systems Program aims to combine the efforts of producers, researchers and extension agents into a focused partnership to develop, manage and implement grazing systems that are more profitable and more sustainable. Rather than the traditional approach of undertaking the research and then developing extension packages for livestock producers, this Program has set up a network with producers, researchers and extension agents to collectively develop and test improved systems. The process is described as colearning. Compared with more traditional approaches, producer input is greatly increased as the role of researchers and extension agents is modified, but not decreased. …
A New Degree For Land Based Industries At Massey University, New Zealand, J Hodgson, R D. Anderson, J H. Kirkman
A New Degree For Land Based Industries At Massey University, New Zealand, J Hodgson, R D. Anderson, J H. Kirkman
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A brief description is given of the background, structure and management of a new Bachelor of Applied Science degree introduced at Massey University in 1994 to meet the changing needs of the primary sector industries. Examples are given of the flexibility of choice offered to students enrolling in the programme, with particular reference to opportunities in plant and pastoral science. Enrollment statistics for the first two years of the programme are discussed.
The Evolving International Grassland Congress, L R. Humphreys
The Evolving International Grassland Congress, L R. Humphreys
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The locations of the International Grassland Congresses are listed. Analysis of the disciplinary themes of papers presented at five Congresses from 1937 to 1993 indicated a considerable homeostasis of content. The plant genetic base for grassland improvement received most attention, and this, together with plant physiology, plant ecology and soil science contributed 52 to 57 per cent of the subject matter at all five Congresses. Emergent topics are mentioned.
Forage Information System On The World Wide Web, D B. Hannaway, S Griffith, P Hoagland, M Runyon, R Fisher
Forage Information System On The World Wide Web, D B. Hannaway, S Griffith, P Hoagland, M Runyon, R Fisher
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The Forage Information System on the World Wide Web (FIS WWW) is a global forage information resource envisioned to become a comprehensive information system for all aspects of forages. WWW technologies provide an opportunity to link people and information in a work-sharing and access-on-demand environment via interlinking of computers. The FIS is a collection of Internet-based forage information linked and accessible via WWW access software programs (browsers), like NetscapeR. Browsers provide a unified interface for information on the Internet. They make it possible to access formatted text, color pictures, sound, and video. The “superstructure” for FIS WWW is being developed …
Preliminary Evaluation Of Introduced And Local Lines Of Pearl Millet Under North Sinai Conditions, A H. Belal, A A. Younis
Preliminary Evaluation Of Introduced And Local Lines Of Pearl Millet Under North Sinai Conditions, A H. Belal, A A. Younis
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Field trials were conducted during 1994 and 1995 seasons on calcareous soil to evaluate thirty introduced and local lines of forage pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum). The evaluation included growth characteristics, forage yield, chemical composition and ion content. Present results of both seasons indicate that the thirty lines varied significantly in their growth, forage yield, chemical composition and ion content, organic and inorganic. The top productivity of dry yield and its components was from the ICMP- 155, while the lowest was from an introduced line from Ghana. Also, the line ICMP-155 gave the highest values of C.P., P+++, K+, …
The Rangeland Type And Its Geographical Distribution In Tibet, Cui Heng-Xin, Weinahan Heng-Xin
The Rangeland Type And Its Geographical Distribution In Tibet, Cui Heng-Xin, Weinahan Heng-Xin
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The area of Tibet is a major component of the Qing-Zang Plateau. The natural conditions are complex with various environmental types. The range of the area is of various types. Almost all the range types found in China are presented here. It is characterized by the geographical distribution on horizontal belts in plateau with vertical differences. Therefore it represents the characteristics of the combination of horizontal and vertical changes.
A Comparison Of Steer Gains On Cunningham Leucaena And Some Alternative Psyllid-Tolerant Shrub Legumes, R J. Jones, B Palmer
A Comparison Of Steer Gains On Cunningham Leucaena And Some Alternative Psyllid-Tolerant Shrub Legumes, R J. Jones, B Palmer
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Five shrub legumes, Leucaena leucocephala cv.Cunningham, L. leucocephala cv.Tarramba, L. diversifolia CPI 33820, L. pallida CQ 3439 and Calliandra calothyrsus CPI 115690 were compared for yield and steer gain in comparison to an all-grass control. Shrubs were sown in rows 4 m apart and all treatments, including the control, were sown with the grass Urochloa mosambicensis cv.Nixon. Edible legume yield was highest for L. leucocephala cv.Tarramba and lowest for L. leucocephala cv.Cunningham. In the absence of psyllid attack, liveweight gains over a 5-week period in summer were highest with cv.Cunningham (1170g/d) and lowest for C. calothyrsus (391 g/d) and the …
Forage Based Fallow Management Strategies For Intensified Land Use And Resource Conservation In Small Holder Farms, M A. Mohamed Saleem, Kahsay Berhe
Forage Based Fallow Management Strategies For Intensified Land Use And Resource Conservation In Small Holder Farms, M A. Mohamed Saleem, Kahsay Berhe
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Intensification of land-use is inevitable for long term food security in the east African highlands, but technological options need to be environmentally safe. How forages can be used as a basis for intensified grain and fodder production from the same land unit, and serve as a profitable fallow during necessary crop-free rest period is the purpose of this study.
Water Use In A Newly Established Pasture As Influenced By Grazing Management, M H. Entz, W P. Mccaughey
Water Use In A Newly Established Pasture As Influenced By Grazing Management, M H. Entz, W P. Mccaughey
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of grazing system and stocking rate on spring profile soil water, soil water extraction and evapotranspiration (ET) of a newly established grass/ legume pasture. The experiment, located on a fine sandy loam soil in western Manitoba, was a two replicate RCBD with continuous and rotational grazing at stocking rates of 1.1 and 2.2 steers/ha. The pastures contained alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), meadow bromegrass (Bromus biebersteineii Roem and Shult.) and Russian wild ryegrass (Elymus juncea L.). Growing season ET averaged 38.4 cm and was consistently highest for …
The Effect Of Crop Residues On Cattle Productivity Wihtin Agropastoral Production Systems In Southern Mali, S.J L.E Leloup, L 'T Mannetje
The Effect Of Crop Residues On Cattle Productivity Wihtin Agropastoral Production Systems In Southern Mali, S.J L.E Leloup, L 'T Mannetje
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The effect of seasonal diet on cattle productivity was studied in a village in southern Mali. A comparison of measured and simulated liveweight changes of cattle proved that crop residue consumption during the dry season has become indispensable for animal production. Correspondingly, maximum livestock numbers to be fed during the dry season appeared to be directed by crop residue availability. Apparently crop residue availability determines cattle productivity in this village. This is likely to be the case in most of southern Mali where the importance of rangelands’ perennial grasses is decreasing.
Grazing Impacts On The Production Stability Of Fescue Prairie, W D. Willms, J F. Dormaar, J R. King
Grazing Impacts On The Production Stability Of Fescue Prairie, W D. Willms, J F. Dormaar, J R. King
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The fescue prairie in southwestern Alberta is highly productive but susceptible to grazing during the growing season. This study examined how production stability is affected by grazing impact. It was initiated in 1949 using four fixed stocking rates (1.2, 1.6, 2.4, 4.8 animal-unitmonths ha-1). Forage and livestock production were estimated over 4 or 15 years, respectively. The coefficient of variation (CV) for either primary or secondary production was constant over all rates except for the very heavily stocked paddock. Forage production, and therefore livestock production, in that paddock was dependent on precipitation during the growing season. Heavy grazing pressure resulted …
The Role Of Tagasaste (Chamaecytisus Proliferus) In Farming Systems Of Southern Australia, E C. Lefroy, A K. Abadi Ghadim, N J. Edwards, M A. Ewing
The Role Of Tagasaste (Chamaecytisus Proliferus) In Farming Systems Of Southern Australia, E C. Lefroy, A K. Abadi Ghadim, N J. Edwards, M A. Ewing
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Farm scale economic analysis of a recently developed alley cropping system based on the fodder shrub tagasaste (Chamaecytisus proliferus) was carried out using the optimising model MIDAS. The model was used to assess the potential application of this new farming system to infertile sandplain soils in southern Australia by comparing the profitability of improved serradella based annual pasture (Ornithopus compressus and O. sativa), tagasaste in plantations and tagasaste alley cropping. The third option was the most profitable, increasing sheep carrying capacity by 76% and resulting in 45% of the model farm being planted to tagasaste alley …
Can The Restoration Of Degraded Rangelands Ever Be Economic?, N D. Macleod, J C. Noble, J R. Brown
Can The Restoration Of Degraded Rangelands Ever Be Economic?, N D. Macleod, J C. Noble, J R. Brown
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Degradation of rangeland pastures in Australia is widespread and ongoing. The characteristics of many restoration technologies in relation to land values contribute to a perception of their being uneconomic. However, while this might be true within the general context of broadscale application, it need not be the case in specific instances. Both the underlying contexts and processes need to be considered in assessing the economic value of a given restoration technique for a given degradation problem.
Modifying Management Methods To Promote The Reform And Development Of Grassland Based Animal Husbandry Through Better Resource Use, Cui Heng-Xin, Zhang Jiang-Ling, Asya Jiang-Ling
Modifying Management Methods To Promote The Reform And Development Of Grassland Based Animal Husbandry Through Better Resource Use, Cui Heng-Xin, Zhang Jiang-Ling, Asya Jiang-Ling
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The development of grassland livestock production cannot rely on the cost of pasture degradation. The stocking rate has to be based on the pasture production and it also has to be under the guidance of law. Changing management methods, development of grassland agriculture and optimization of the utilization of natural resources is the effective way of improving the reformation and development of grassland livestock production.
Native Grasses In The Pilbara Region, Australia; Resource Acquisition, Allocation And Growth, L J. Ingram, L T. Bennett, M A. Adams
Native Grasses In The Pilbara Region, Australia; Resource Acquisition, Allocation And Growth, L J. Ingram, L T. Bennett, M A. Adams
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Biomass production and nitrogen content of the native perennial grasses, Barley Mitchell grass (Astrebla pectinata ) and Kangaroo grass (Themeda triandra), were studied over the 1996 growing season. After 160 mm of rain, the biomass of T. triandra increased from 2 to 4 t/ha, while A. pectinata increased from 1.1 to 1.5 t/ha. N in aboveground biomass of T. triandra increased from 14.5 to 17 kg/ha and of A. pectinata from 8.5 to 10 kg/ha. A. pectinata leaves senesced quickly increasing the total amount of N in dead leaves. T. triandra senesced more slowly but dead leaves …
The Effect Of Different Winter Utilization Periods Of A C4 Subtropic Foggage On The Growth Of Weaners, I F. Reckling, G.H J. Kruger
The Effect Of Different Winter Utilization Periods Of A C4 Subtropic Foggage On The Growth Of Weaners, I F. Reckling, G.H J. Kruger
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A significant (P<0.05) increase in lick consumption was found, as winter progressed, which was attributed to a significant decline in the quality (P<0.05) of Digitaria eriantha foggage. Harvested treatments resulted in a significant (P<0.05) decline in residual soil nitrogen levels compared to unharvested treatments. Losses, due to trampling, on average was 21.25%. It is advocated that Digitaria eriantha ought to be utilised in summer and is only suitable for maintenance if utilised in winter.
Leucaena Leucocephala As A Supplement For Goats On Tropical Pastures, T Clavero, R Razz
Leucaena Leucocephala As A Supplement For Goats On Tropical Pastures, T Clavero, R Razz
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A field experiment was conducted in the dryland farming area of Northwest Venezuela in order to evaluate three diets in grazing goats (pasture only; grazing pasture + 0.3 kg of commercial concentrate/ animal/d; grazing pasture + restricted grazing for 2 hours daily in Leucaena leucocephala) on milk production (mp) and milk composition (fat -f- and mineral concentration -mc-). The experiment was laid out as randomized block design. The data showed significant difference (P<0.05) between treatments. Milk production increased in 50 and 70% when goats had access to commercial concentrate or Leucaena graizing as well as grass pasture compared with the control treatment. Milk production in goats with access to Leucaena was insignificantly different than goats on concentrate. Treatments did not affect milk composition. The results suggest that Leucaena leucocephala can supply an adequate amount of nutrient with similar value to commercial concentrate for milk production in grazing goats.
The Effect Of Long-Term Grazing Treatments On The Establishment Of Woody Plants In A Southern African Savanna, G N. Smit, N.F G. Rethman
The Effect Of Long-Term Grazing Treatments On The Establishment Of Woody Plants In A Southern African Savanna, G N. Smit, N.F G. Rethman
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Eight paddocks which were debushed to an open savanna during 1935/36 and subsequently grazed annually during different seasons by steers were surveyed after a period of 54 years. Though woody plants have increased in all the paddocks, regardless of the grazing treatment, the rate of woody plant establishment was notably higher in those paddocks that received a more intense annual grazing treatment. This effect was most noticeable in those paddocks of which the mean Animal Unit-grazing days ha-1 exceeded 100 days annually. These results confirm the existence of a positive linear relationship between the severity of the grazing treatment and …
Evaluation Of The Chemical Composition Of Some Locally Available Acacia Seeds As Animal Feed In Botswana, A A. Aganga, C M. Tsopito
Evaluation Of The Chemical Composition Of Some Locally Available Acacia Seeds As Animal Feed In Botswana, A A. Aganga, C M. Tsopito
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Two separate studies were conducted using indigenous browse seeds. In the first study, seeds from nine locally available Acacia trees were analysed for proximate composition, fatty acid composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility. Nutrient composition of the seeds varied in crude protein from 12.52% for Acacia robusta to 21.82% for Acacia erubescens. Ash content ranged from 3.20% to 4.75%. The in vitro dry matter digestibility ranged from 46.00% for Acacia rehmanniana to 62.00% for Acacia erubescens. Fatty acids present in the seeds included palmitic, linoleic and oleic acids. The second study was to evaluate the influence of processing on …
Salt Tolerance In Herbage And Its Application To Greening The Desert, Y Maeda, T Otani, K Ogiwara, S Murai, H Takenaga
Salt Tolerance In Herbage And Its Application To Greening The Desert, Y Maeda, T Otani, K Ogiwara, S Murai, H Takenaga
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Canadian peat moss was used as water holding material and the efficacy of mixing the peat with the sand on water holding capacity of the sand, and the adaptability of alfalfa (AL), burmudagrass (BG), bahiagrass(BH), weeping lovegrass (WL) and Japanese lawngrass(JL) to dry and saline conditions were investigated. Without mixing peat, pF value of the sand did not change for 6 days after watering, but rose markedly up to 2.9 after 18 days. With mixing peat at the rate of 2% by the sand weight, the value did not change for 20 days, and rose gradually up to 2.5 on …
Some Improvable Points For Better Utilization Of Reed Canarygrass Cultivars In Japan, T Otani, M Ito, Y Maeda, Y Kurihara
Some Improvable Points For Better Utilization Of Reed Canarygrass Cultivars In Japan, T Otani, M Ito, Y Maeda, Y Kurihara
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Relationships among growth stage, herbage quality, and dry matter accumulation of reed canarygrass cultivars were investigated in a rainy mountainous district of Japan. Fiber content accumulated during the primary growth correlated with some growth characters of this grass, especially with preferential culm expansion, so that total amount of cell wall constituents reached a remarkably high level about the time when culm/foliage (C/F) ratio in dry matter was elevated above 1.5. In aftermaths, whose early regrowth went on rather quickly, dry matter accumulation began to decline at the stage that C/F ratio of standing crop became ca. 1.0 and fiber content …
Forage Yields Of Simple Mixtures Of Selected Genotypes Of Grasses And Adapted Herbaceous Legumes In Southwest Nigeria, I Ezenwa, M E. Aken'ova
Forage Yields Of Simple Mixtures Of Selected Genotypes Of Grasses And Adapted Herbaceous Legumes In Southwest Nigeria, I Ezenwa, M E. Aken'ova
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Three tropical grasses viz. Guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq), elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum) and star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst) and three herbaceous legumes viz. Verano stylo (Stylosanthes hamata (L) Taub), centro (Centrosema pubescens Benth) and tropical kudzu (Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb) Benth) were evaluated for their dry matter (DM) yield potential in mixtures and sole stands. Annual DM yields of Verano stylo in mixtures with star grass, Guinea grass and elephant grass as well as tropical kudzu mixtures with Guinea grass and elephant grass varied between 13.2 and 14.2 t/ha. These yields were similar to …
Multiple Land Use Management: Case Studies On Building Partnerships, Greg Riemer, Tom Harrison
Multiple Land Use Management: Case Studies On Building Partnerships, Greg Riemer, Tom Harrison
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
As part of the Saskatchewan commitment to the North American Waterfowl Management Plan the Saskatchewan Wetland Conservation Corporation (SWCC) is acquiring over 30,000 acres of native vegetation in a contiguous block around the Big Quill Lake in east central Saskatchewan. Some of this range land was in extremely poor condition. This lake is of internationally significant importance to waterfowl, nesting and migrating shorebirds. SWCC goals for this area are to improve the condition and vigour of the range for livestock and to provide and protect habitat for wildlife such as Baird's sparrow and piping plovers. Big Quill Lake is a …
Some Ecological Aspects Of Semi-Natural And Temporary Grasslands, N Gaborcik, L Ondrasek, J Cunderlik, J Tomaskin, T Kizek
Some Ecological Aspects Of Semi-Natural And Temporary Grasslands, N Gaborcik, L Ondrasek, J Cunderlik, J Tomaskin, T Kizek
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Some ecological aspects were studied in semi-natural and temporary grasslands at different levels of fertilizer application. The research was carried out in the upland region of central Slovakia at the altitude of 460 m in Banská Bystrica. At zero fertilizer application, soil CO2 production and Cox content were higher in the temporary grassland. Atmospheric N fixation was also higher in the temporary grassland. However, root accumulation, microbial biomass content and R : S ratio were lower in the temporary grassland. By comparison with the semi-natural grassland, leaf area index (LAI), net assimilation rate (NAR) and crop growth rate (CGR) were …
Galega Orientalus Lam. Var "Gale" New Legume, Protein And Perennial Fodder Crop In Fr Yugoslavia, B Radenovic
Galega Orientalus Lam. Var "Gale" New Legume, Protein And Perennial Fodder Crop In Fr Yugoslavia, B Radenovic
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In our four-year research, (Galega orientalis Lam.) Var. “GALE” grown in the region of North Backa, FR Yugoslavia, gave a considerably higher yield in green mass, hay, crude protein content, crude fat content, ash and dry matter contents, compared to control plant (average of the 1991/96 trials). During hay stacking, leaves did not fall off, which is a very favorable property.
Parental Dominance Or Tolerance In Lucerne, M C. Campbell, P S. Cocks
Parental Dominance Or Tolerance In Lucerne, M C. Campbell, P S. Cocks
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Lucerne (Medicago sativa) was sown at increasing distances from isolated adult plants along 4 radials 0.5 m long, to evaluate possible influences of the parent plant on seed germination and seedling survival. Time of sowing was also considered with radials 3 & 4 being sown in May and radials 1 & 2 being sown four weeks later. Two cultivars were used in the 1995 experiment; Hunterfield, a winter active cultivar and P545, a winter dormant cultivar. The results indicate that seeds as close as 2.5 cm to established plants could germinate, survive and become established. Observations suggested that …
Effects Of Grazing Frequency And Soil Water Supply On Basal Cover Of Four Perennial Grasses, A J. Bowcher, J M. Virgona
Effects Of Grazing Frequency And Soil Water Supply On Basal Cover Of Four Perennial Grasses, A J. Bowcher, J M. Virgona
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Changes in basal area and soil water extraction were examined in four perennial grasses, Phalaris aquatica cv. Sirosa, Dactylis glomerata cv. Porto, Festuca arundinacea cv. Demeter and Danthonia richardsonii cv. Tarana. Treatments were factorially arranged with four species, three different grazing intervals (2-, 5- and 8- weeks) and two watering regimes (rainfed and supplementary water)and were imposed from early spring to mid-autumn in 1994/5 and 1995/6. In 1994/5, the basal area of all species declined except for the native, D. richardsonii under rainfed and watered conditions. The grazing treatments had no effect on changes in basal area in this …
Productivity Of Renovated Naturalized Pastures In Atlantic Canada, Y A. Papadopoulos, E Charmley, R C. Martin, A H. Fredeen, K B. Mcrae, D Mason, S.A E. Fillmore
Productivity Of Renovated Naturalized Pastures In Atlantic Canada, Y A. Papadopoulos, E Charmley, R C. Martin, A H. Fredeen, K B. Mcrae, D Mason, S.A E. Fillmore
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and improved productivity of reduced tillage pasture renovation methods in the establishment of triple species pasture mixtures into an existing naturalized stand. Experimental treatments, 2 (low and high stocking rates) by 2 (frost- and sod-seeding methods) factorial with an additional non-renovated pasture control treatment, were arranged in a randomized complete block design with two replications. Despite the fact that high stocking rates resulted in reduced herbage yield, animal production per hectare was substantially improved in the establishment and the first postestablishment year. Sod-seeding was the most effective establishment method …