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Evaluation Of Pastures For Sustained Beef Production In Subtropical New South Wales, P T. Mears, D L. Garden, R W. Dicker
Evaluation Of Pastures For Sustained Beef Production In Subtropical New South Wales, P T. Mears, D L. Garden, R W. Dicker
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Limitations of low-quality grass pastures, soil fertility, mechanisms of legume persistence and the long-term sustainability of pastures for beef production were studied in a humid subtropical environment of New South Wales, Australia. Sustainability of pastures and animal growth responses in 3 experiments (varying from 4 to 10 years' duration) al 2 sites have been analysed and described. Steers or heifers were used lo assess the effects of introducing subtropical or temperate legumes, level of superphosphate and stocking rate on natural grass pastures, Principal factors which improved the level of beef production from pasture were (i) introducing persistent legumes (ii) level …
Igc Oral Presentation Summary: Xxv Igc Congress, S. Ray Smith, Echo Elizabeth Gotsick, J. R. Weinert-Nelson, Alayna Jacobs, Christopher D. Teutsch, Will Fleming, D. R. Woodfield, James L. Klotz, Jeff Lehmkuhler, Greg S. Halich, Brittany Davis, Brittany Hendrix, Krista Lea
Igc Oral Presentation Summary: Xxv Igc Congress, S. Ray Smith, Echo Elizabeth Gotsick, J. R. Weinert-Nelson, Alayna Jacobs, Christopher D. Teutsch, Will Fleming, D. R. Woodfield, James L. Klotz, Jeff Lehmkuhler, Greg S. Halich, Brittany Davis, Brittany Hendrix, Krista Lea
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
This paper will give an overview of the XXV International Grassland Congress thematic, keynote, and plenary sessions. The theme of the XXV IGC Congress meeting was “Grasslands for Soil, Animal, and Human Health.” We had many people attending, presenting, and participating in all these sessions. Within a month after the conclusion of the Congress, the proceeding’s papers presented at the meeting will be available on the IGC app. By the end of 2023 all papers will be available for download through any search engine at internationalgrasslands.org.
Importance Of Tropical Pasture Seed Quality And Factors Affecting It In Smallholder Farming System, H F. Chin, C C. Wong
Importance Of Tropical Pasture Seed Quality And Factors Affecting It In Smallholder Farming System, H F. Chin, C C. Wong
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Most tropical pastures are associated with and confined to smaJlholder animal production in developing countries of the tropics, with the exception of Australia. At present, tropical pasture seeds are very variable and poor in quality, as tropical herbage seed production is relatively new compared with that for temperate systems. Many tropical species are relatively wild and have yet to be domesticated and selected for pasture use, let alone for seed production characteristics. The unfavourable production and storage environment of the wet tropics, coupled with a lack of appropriate technology, also contributes towards poor quality in tropical pasture seeds. In this …
Integration Of Pastoral And Non-Pastoral Uses On Temperate Rangelands With Cold Winters In Developed Countries, T J. Maxwell, W A. Laycock
Integration Of Pastoral And Non-Pastoral Uses On Temperate Rangelands With Cold Winters In Developed Countries, T J. Maxwell, W A. Laycock
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The demands of the relatively wealthy and sophisticated societies of developed countries, with their substantial amounts of leisure time and discretionary income, are having an increasing impact on temperate rangelands in a variety of ways. Some parts of these societies are concerned to protect the landscapes, habitats, wildlife and solitude that can be found there, and wish to constrain any further development within these ecosystems; others also wish .to gain ready access to these resources for hunting, recreation and sport and believe that this requires the exclusion of domesticated livestock. Temperate rangelands are frequently used as water catchments and some …
Harvesting And Processing Techniques Of Tropical Grass And Legume Seeds For Smallfarmers, Lumyai Kowithayakorn, Chaisang Phaikaew
Harvesting And Processing Techniques Of Tropical Grass And Legume Seeds For Smallfarmers, Lumyai Kowithayakorn, Chaisang Phaikaew
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
For smallfarmers of forage legumes and grasses in Thailand, manual harvesting and cleaning of leguminous seeds have been widely practised because of cheap and available labour. Tropical grasses produce more seeds than can be harvested; hence it is necessary to find means to improve harvesting and processing techniques in order to obtain high standards of both quality and quantity of seed. The main obstacles could be due to prolonged flowering nnd grain filling periods of individual seedheads resulting in the uneven ripening of seeds at harvest. Premature seeds cause low yields and low quality nt harvests in many species. Flowering …
Control Of Oxytropis Ochrocephala Bge. On The Mountainous Pasture Of Southern Ningxia, China, Guo Sijia, Chen Yizhong, Li Kechang, Xu Rong
Control Of Oxytropis Ochrocephala Bge. On The Mountainous Pasture Of Southern Ningxia, China, Guo Sijia, Chen Yizhong, Li Kechang, Xu Rong
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Oxytropls ochrocephala Bge., the main poisonous plant on the mountainous pasture in southern Ningxia, has Increased dramatically as a result of overgrazing, The results of a series of studies on control of this plant show the following 3 ways are effective, (1) Spraying selective herbicide Butylate which makes the unpalatable dicotyledons drop by 37% and poisonous plant drop by 86.8% while the palatable grasses increase by 230%; the total yield is raised by 5.4%. This method can both control the poisonous plant and improve the pasture. (2) Spraying herbicides Starane, T-101, D-250, etc., which can specifically kill Oxytropis ochrocephala …
Commercial Seed Production Of Tropical Forage Grasses And Legumes In Costa Rica, Rosemary Sylvester-Bradley, J E. Ferguson
Commercial Seed Production Of Tropical Forage Grasses And Legumes In Costa Rica, Rosemary Sylvester-Bradley, J E. Ferguson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
ABSTRACT A commercial seed enterprise with the initial objective of producing and marketing seeds of recently selected pasture species (Brachriaria dictyoneura and Arachis pintoi) oo small farms in the south west of Costa Rica is described. Farmers provide land and fencing and use the seed plots for grazing when not In the flowering period. The enterprise provides labour and technical organisation for establishment and seed production. Costs of organisation, and research and development work were greater than production costs; To achieve profitability the enterprise needs to increase net income possibly through share-cropping including animal production, and diversification into …
Ruzi Grass (Brachiaria Ruziziensis) Seed Production In North-East Thailand, Chaisang Phaikaew, Chanchai Manidool, Pimpaporn Devahuti
Ruzi Grass (Brachiaria Ruziziensis) Seed Production In North-East Thailand, Chaisang Phaikaew, Chanchai Manidool, Pimpaporn Devahuti
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The recent expansion of beef and dairy production in Thailand has increased demand for pasture seed. Ruzi grass (Brachiaria ruziziensis) seed production has increased from 18 tin 1983 to 466 tin 1991. The; production sites are in the north east, where soils and climate are most suitable for seed production. 60% of all ruzi seed is being produced by smallfarmers; the rest is produced by government stations. Average farmer yield of rilzi is 400 kg • seed/h'a, with each farmer contracted 'to grow 0.32 h�� of ruzi grass, at a guaranteed price of US$2/kg; Abo·ut 2700 farmers are …
Model Herbage Seed Farm Establishment In South-West China, Guizhou Province, M P. Rolston, G W. Lill, R W. Brougham, Xie Jishi
Model Herbage Seed Farm Establishment In South-West China, Guizhou Province, M P. Rolston, G W. Lill, R W. Brougham, Xie Jishi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A model herbage seed farm was established during 1983-1988 in Guizhou to provide a base for research, training and the product.ion of quality seed for smallholder pasture development. The site is at 26°N in a monsoonal subtropical zone at 1000 m asl. Mean monthly temperatures range from 4°C in winter to 25°C in summer. Seed yield potential of cultivars of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata), white clover (Trifolium repens) and red clover (Trifolium pratense) was evaluated. Major nutrient limitations were identified, including responses to K and P. Management strategies to …
Efficiency Of Grassland Areas Of Desert Steppe In North China, Wang Ning, Wang Kezhi
Efficiency Of Grassland Areas Of Desert Steppe In North China, Wang Ning, Wang Kezhi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
On the desert steppe of Yanchi County of Ningxia Province, where 1he annual precipilalion is only 300 mm, some methods, including reducing unirrigated land, exploiting water resources, cultivating grasses, planting trees and developing animal husbandry, have been used to improve production. After 10 years the poor villages have become richer; the cultivated grassland is up to 44% of the total arable area and the forest cover to 15%; value of livestock farming output has increased by as much as 5 times, gross yields of grain have increased 1.5-fold, and the average income per capita increased more than 5-fold.
Breeding Switchgrass For Improved Animal Performance, K P. Vogel, K J. Moore, A A. Hopkins
Breeding Switchgrass For Improved Animal Performance, K P. Vogel, K J. Moore, A A. Hopkins
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Studies on breeding and evaluating switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) for improved animal performance have been conducted for the last 18 years. !ti vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) has been increased 3 8 g/kg after 3 cycles of selection; demonstrating· that IVDMD of switchgrass can be improved using recurrent, phenotypjc selection. Digestibility of plant tillers collected at panicle emergence was an excellent predictor of IVDMD of progeny in pastures or swards during the growing season. Small improvements in IVDMD (20-30 g/kg} significantly improved average daily gains and gains/ha (17-24 %) of beer cattle (Bos taurus) grazing switchgrass. It should …
Small-Grain Forage For Winter Pastures, D J. Undersander, D P. Hutchenson
Small-Grain Forage For Winter Pastures, D J. Undersander, D P. Hutchenson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The paper summarises 2 studies comparing wheal (Triticum aestivum), barley (Horderim vulgare), rye (Triticale secale), and triticale (x Triticoseca/e) for fornge production and animal performance. Wheat, rye and triticale were planted in 10, 20 and 30 cm row spacings and grown over 2 winters in South Carolina. Porage yield from earlyOctober plantings ranged from 2961 to 5000 kg/ha in 1986-87 and from l012 to 3400 kg/ha in 1987-88. Porage yield was highest from rye, most of the forage growth occurring in autumn. Wheat produced forage growth most uniformly throughout autumn and spring. In the …
Effects Of Lime And Fertilizer On The Establishment Of White Clover In The Falkland Islands, J A. Kerr, Rosie Poultney
Effects Of Lime And Fertilizer On The Establishment Of White Clover In The Falkland Islands, J A. Kerr, Rosie Poultney
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
White clover (Trifolium repens L.)-based pastures could improve low pasture and animal production in the Falkland Islands. However, establishment is difficult and expensive. Effects of lime and fertilisers containing nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) on white clover dry matter yield and root nodulation were experimentally assessed between 1986-88. Lime at 1 t/ha and 30 kg/ha P as triple superphosphate, separately improved clover yield. Nodulation was improved only by lime. Neither N nor K fertilisers affected on white clover establishment yields,
Winter Grazing Rough Fescue Grasslands With And Without Preconditioning On Annual Pasture, W D. Willms, L M. Rode, B S. Freeze
Winter Grazing Rough Fescue Grasslands With And Without Preconditioning On Annual Pasture, W D. Willms, L M. Rode, B S. Freeze
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Winter grazing of the fescue prairie is desirable to reduce the cost of feeding preserved forages and to conserving the native prairie. Rough fescue (Festuca campestris Rydb,), the dominant and most productive forage species in the foothills region, is highly sensitive to summer grazing but tolerates grazing while dormant. Since the forage quality declines after senescence, and the energy requirements increase in winter, this study was made to determine the feasibility of winter gmzing pregnant Hereford cows with and without preconditioning on annual pasture. The study, replicated over a 4-year period {n=4), used a 2x2 factorial design representing native …
Improvement Strategies In Winter Cold Temperate Rangeland Ecosystems With Particular Reference To Extensive Grazing Lands Of Iran, A Koocheki
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Traditional land use systems in Iran have been divided between crop production and livestock grazing. Grazing land management in most parts is based on pastoral nomadism which operates between plains as winter grazing lands and mountains as summer grazing lands. Mountainous areas are an important source of food and feed production for nomads and their herds. In Iran two main ranges of mountains, Elburz and Zagros, are the summer territory of nomadic pastoralists. At present 1.5% of total population of the country are nomads. They contribute as much as 27% of value added in the animal industry of the country. …
Winter Cold Temperate Rangelands: Improvement Strategies For Intensive Rangeland Ecosystems, B E. Allan, D Scott
Winter Cold Temperate Rangelands: Improvement Strategies For Intensive Rangeland Ecosystems, B E. Allan, D Scott
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Transfer of developed grassland technologies to rangelands is discussed in terms of environmental gradients and the options and constraints they impose. Winier feed limitation can be overcome through conserved feeds and various in situ systems involving special purpose pastures and feed banks. General animal nutrition can be improved through intensive development, low input systems, better control of range utilisation and, where appropriate, correction of mineral deficiencies. The emphasis in seeking quick and easy solutions to rangeland management problems is questioned, A more informed, environmentally sound and sustainable approach to rangeland fanning atlitudes and management is proposed. A stepwise process to …
A Research And Development Strategy For Whitegrass Pasture: The Dominant Cool Temperate Rangeland Species Of The Falkland Islands, G M. Hoppe, J A. Kerr
A Research And Development Strategy For Whitegrass Pasture: The Dominant Cool Temperate Rangeland Species Of The Falkland Islands, G M. Hoppe, J A. Kerr
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Whitegrass (Cortaderia pilosa), the dominant rangeland plant species in the Falkland Islands, has been estimated to cover approximately 60% of the land area, It generally grows on peat soils and exhibits a range of growth forms depending upon soil drainage, The climate of the islands is cool oceanic with on annual precipitation of 300-650 mm. A brief history of agricultural research (established only in 1975) and work areas is presented. A major constraint to the productivity of the Falkland Islands sheep industry is poor utilisation of whilegrnss·dominant pasture. To develop new management strategies for whitegrass aimed at improved …
Phosphate Fertilizer For Pasture Maintenance In Southern Brazil, O.L P. De Oliverira
Phosphate Fertilizer For Pasture Maintenance In Southern Brazil, O.L P. De Oliverira
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The study was conducted in the south of Brazil at the Brazilian Agricultural Research Enterprise, BMBRAPA. A winter-cultivated pasture stocked for 14 years with different stocking rates ended with different soil phosphorus (P) levels. To evaluate additional pho·sphate fertiliser response on this area, a pot experiment in the glasshouse was carried out. Levels of 0, 20, 40, 80 and 160 kg/ha of P20s were applied on a soil with 12.0, 12.5 and 17.0 ppm of available soil P, respectively, from low, medium and high stocking rates. White clover (Trifolium repens L.) was grown in pots of 2 kg of …
Choosing A Forage System For The Future In Dairying Production In The Western Part Of France, Eric P. Gendron
Choosing A Forage System For The Future In Dairying Production In The Western Part Of France, Eric P. Gendron
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A group of 25 dairy farms (44 ha, 38 cows, 7500 kg of milk/cow) was used for elaborating technical and economic references on dairy production systems in the department of Maine et Loire (western France), between 1986 and 1991. Changes in choosing a forage system began with the restriction of dairy production under EC rules introduced in 1984. Very intensive systems (over 10 000 kg of milk/ ha) no longer guaranteed that a better level of production per cow meant a better income for the farmer. After 5 years of study it was possible to propose 4 forage systems with …
Effect Of Grazing Order On Live-Weight Gain Of Young Female Beef Cattle, Jose Fernando Piva Lobato, Blas H.J Cristaldo Albospino, Fernando Rigo Magalhaves, Assan Ali Taher
Effect Of Grazing Order On Live-Weight Gain Of Young Female Beef Cattle, Jose Fernando Piva Lobato, Blas H.J Cristaldo Albospino, Fernando Rigo Magalhaves, Assan Ali Taher
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In order to evaluate the daily live-weight gain and overall live weight of 2 groups of 30 female beef calves from weaning until 2 years of age, an experiment was run at Field Station al Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, in Eldorado do Sul district. Group A was introduced to the paddocks first, and the animals were allowed to graze half the available pasture. These animals were then removed and group B was introduced and grazed the remaining available pasture, During the first (28 June 1990-19 October 1990), and second (12 June 1991-16 October 1991 ), winter-spring seasons, …
Animal Keeping By Grazing, I Vinczeffy, M Kota
Animal Keeping By Grazing, I Vinczeffy, M Kota
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
This study calls attention to some important parameters and effects of the pasture and grazing, on the basis of our experiments carried out during the last 45 years.
Breeding To Reduce Susceptibility To Bloat In Dairy Cattle, C A. Morris, R J. Wilkins
Breeding To Reduce Susceptibility To Bloat In Dairy Cattle, C A. Morris, R J. Wilkins
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
An experiment with Friesian x Jersey cross cattle was established in 1972 at Ruakura, in order to select in 2 closed herds for high (HS) or low (LS) susceptibility to pasture bloat. By the 1990 calf crop, there was a difference in adjusted bloat score between herds of 0.94 units (1.93 genetic standard deviations). The repeatability and heritability of a single bloat score were 0.13+0.02, and 0.12+0.06, with a heritability of 0.52+0.22 for mean bloat score. Annual death rates from bloat have averaged 2.6% in the HS herd and 0.8% in the LS herd (0% in the LS herd for …
Influence Of Renovation Of Old Fescue Pasture On Beef Production, J A. Josifovich
Influence Of Renovation Of Old Fescue Pasture On Beef Production, J A. Josifovich
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The influence of renovation by interseeding of a 30-year-old fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) pasture, naturally invaded with dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.), was evaluated during 3 years at the Pergamino Experiment Station. The renovation was done by minimum tillage equipment using a spring-toothed cultivator, The mixture sown was brome (Bromus 1mioloides H.B.K.) cv. Martfn Fierro MAG, chicory (Cichoriumorium intybus L.) cv. San Pedro INTA, red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) cv. El Surefto INTA, white clover (Trifolium repens L,) cv. El Lucero MAG, and Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum L.) cv. La yapalNTA. There were 2 treatments: …
Some Effects Of Sole Pasture Diets On Reproductive Performance Of Lactating Cows In Seasonal Dairy Herds, K L. Macmillan, S Mcdougall
Some Effects Of Sole Pasture Diets On Reproductive Performance Of Lactating Cows In Seasonal Dairy Herds, K L. Macmillan, S Mcdougall
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The reproductive performance of 631 dairy cows in 5 herds which had a single concentrated calving programme in late winter was monitored through the post-partum period and the breeding programme. The cows in ench herd were of high genetic merit and received a sole ration of pasture grazed in situ. Anoestrous animals which had failed to ovulate since calving were identified before the start of the breeding programme. The average post-partum interval to first oestrus was 48.5 days, but ranged from 35.7 to 58,5 days in individual herds. It was 86.6 days in the anoestrous cows which represented 18.7% of …
Experience With Grazing Geese On Pasture, G Nacy, S Mihok
Experience With Grazing Geese On Pasture, G Nacy, S Mihok
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Under large field and model experimental conditions large flocks of geese were grazed. Rotational grazing was utilised in order to avoid sward damage by overgrazing and environmental pollution by too much goose droppings on the grazed area. Observations included grazing habits of geese, selection of grasses and herbs by geese, rotational grazing and use of electric fences, effect of goose droppings on grass and the necessity of grain supplementation for meat geese grazed on pasture. Our experiences show that the geese grazed deeper into the sward canopy than any other grazing domestic animal in Hungary. The geese did not select …
Trends In Intensive Temperate Grassland Systems, J D. Leaver, F Weissbach
Trends In Intensive Temperate Grassland Systems, J D. Leaver, F Weissbach
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Intensification of grassland in temperate zones has been successful in substantially increasing output of animal products per unit area of land. This trend is unlikely to continue, however, where intensification has been supported by large subsidies, as in EC countries. The high costs of both subsidising the production systems and the export of surplus products is not sustainable. The distortion in world trade caused by such policies combined with concerns over the environmental implications of intensification has already led to CAP reforms in Europe to de-intensify ruminant. livestock systems. Liberalisation of world trade through GA TT could lend to further …
Behavior Of Goats And Sheep On An Eroded Hill Country Pasture In Winter, L A. Greaves, M E. Wedderburn
Behavior Of Goats And Sheep On An Eroded Hill Country Pasture In Winter, L A. Greaves, M E. Wedderburn
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The behaviour of cashmere-producing does was compared with that of Romney ewes on an area of surface erosion in pasture-dominated hill country during winter. Five ewes and 5 does were monitored. Each group was observed for 4 days, during June-July, from dawn to dusk. A fixed, remote video camera was used to record the animals' behaviour. Tapes were later analysed, noting animal activity, position and time. Bwes spent 13% of their day on the eroded surfaces compared to 2% for the does, Does were observed on the erosion mainly in the afternoon, whereas the ewes were present at all stages …
Lysimeter Study Of The Fate Of Nitrogen In Animal Urine Applied To Flood-Irrigated Pasture, K C. Cameron, P M. Fraser
Lysimeter Study Of The Fate Of Nitrogen In Animal Urine Applied To Flood-Irrigated Pasture, K C. Cameron, P M. Fraser
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The fate of nitrogen (N) in animal urine returns to flood irrigated pasture was studied using large soil monolith lysimeters (800 nun diameter x 1200 mm deep). Over a period of I year, the largest fraction of applied 15N (44%) was recovered by the pasture plants. The total amount (42 kg N/ha) and average peak concentration of N, in the leachate (42 µgN/ml) were less than values reported for many: other agricultural situations (e.g., ploughed pasture). The amount of N lost by denitrification was high (28% of applied 15N) and attributed to the wet soil conditions which prevailed. The amount …
Factors Affecting Plant Sulphur Requirements In New Zealand Pastoral And Arable Systems, M L. Nguyen, K M. Goh
Factors Affecting Plant Sulphur Requirements In New Zealand Pastoral And Arable Systems, M L. Nguyen, K M. Goh
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
This paper reviews major factors affecting sulphur (S) cycling in New Zealand pastoral and arable· systems and identifies areas of research required to improve the efficient use of S fertilisers and soil S reserves. In the grazed pastoral system, S removal in animal products constitutes a small fraction of total S output while S leaching losses and excreta! S transfer losses to stock camps are substantial. Although grazing animals may cause a considerable S loss from the system, they enhance the oxidation of elemental S. Accumulated soil organic S due to the return of animal excreta and long-term annual applications …
An Overview Of The New Zealand Experience In Establishing, Maintaining, And Utilizing White Clover Based Pastures, M B. O'Connor, A M. Bryant, R A. Prestidge
An Overview Of The New Zealand Experience In Establishing, Maintaining, And Utilizing White Clover Based Pastures, M B. O'Connor, A M. Bryant, R A. Prestidge
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Establishment of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) involves the provision of all major and minor elements necessary for clover growth and N fixation (particularly P, S, K, Mo). Nitrogen fertiliser is not necessary. Inoculation of seed with rhizobium is required where white clover has not been grown previously and in difficult environments. Pest control where necessary is enhanced by insecticidal and nematicidal seed coatings on the white clover seed, Barty management is critical and involves regulnr close grazing during the first 6 months. Maintenance of white clover pastures involves annual inputs of fertiliser (P, S, K) with lime at …