Digital Commons Network^™

Electronic Measurement Of Grazing Time And Intake In Free Roaming Livestock, J R. Forwood, M M. Hulse

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Herbage intake is one of the critical factors in understanding why livestock perform at various levels on different forages, however acceptable methods of measuring voluntary intake of free-roaming livestock are still lacking. Commonly used indirect measurement methods estimate pasture herbage loss or animal gain, fecal output and digestibility equations, grazing behavior calculations or indicators (Greenlaugh, 1982). More direct attempts of measuring intake include the Animal Weight Telemetry System (AWATS) of Horn and Miller (1979), multiple impedance plethysmography (Stuth et al., 1981) and the conductivity transducing cannula (CTC: Forwood et al., 1985). With new technology becoming avail­able in smaller, more affordable …

La Consommation De Matiere Sche De Fourrages Disponibles En Zone Tropicale, D Richard, H Guerin, G Roberge, D Friot

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Un certain nombre de publications fournissent des donnees sur les consommations de matiere seche (MS) des fourrages dans les regions intertropicales sans qu'il soit toujours possible de differencier les variations liees a la capacite d'ingestion de !'animal ou a l'ingestibilite du fourrage, facteurs conditionnant les quantites de matiere seche volontairement ingerees (MSVI). Par ailleurs, les donnees publiees pour un meme fourrage sont souvent tres variables ; par exemple, les quantites de MSVI de Digitaria decumbens extraites de 5 publications varient de plus de 40 p. 100 pour des repousses de meme age (Richard, 1987) sans qu'il soit possible d'identifier les …

Factor Affecting The Eating Rate Of Forage Feeds, G Moseley, A Antuna Manendez

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The total amount of a forage feed eaten by an animal may be regarded as the product of rate of eating and time spent eating. Balch and Campling (1962) suggested that it is controlled largely by the rate at which the forage can be broken down phy­sically and passed through the foregut. Differences in voluntary

intake between forage feeds may, however, be due to the effects of extrinsic factors such as environment, animal condition and feed presentation, or to inherent feed characteristics which con­trol the rate and extent of breakdown and digestion. The degree to which physical plant characteristics may …

Influence Of The Nature Of Hay On Its Ingestibility And The Kinetics Of Intake During Large Meals In Sheep And Cows, R Baumont, J P. Brun, J P. Dulphy

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Ingestibility is the quantity of a forage that can be eaten by a standard animal when it is fed ad libitum as the sole feed (INRA, 1978). The eating pattern of ruminants reflects the way in which intake is controlled. The animal eats a large meal when a new batch of forage is distributed ; meals thereafter are small until the next distribution (Dulphy & Faverdin, 1987). To make a closer study of forage ingestibility, it seemed interesting to record the daily pattern of intake and to analyse in detail the large meals, which are 60 to 90 % of …

Relationship Between The Mineral Content In Pastures And The Content Of These Elements In Blood Serum In Dairy Cows, A Lachowski, I Kuczynska, W Wojciechowski

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grass tetany, a conditioned Mg deficiency of improper K: (Ca + Mg) ratio is a nutritional problem in various parts of Poland. The aim of the investigations was to determine to what degree the mineral content of grasses in the pastures influenced the mineral content in blood serum in dairy cows. This is very important when the animals are grazing and when cattle slurry is used on grasslands. In the literature we can find opinion con­sidering hypomagnaesemia as a metabolic disorder of rumin­ants typified by low blood serum Mg and generally accompanied by hypocalcemia. It has been related to low …

Characterization Of Biological Properties Of Fodder Value Of Dandelion, Taraxacum Officinale Web., M Falkowski, I Kukulka, S Kozlowski

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In recent years the quantities of dandelion appearing on newly established grasslands has increased quite significantly. In such conditions it can no longer be treated as a meadow herb whose fodder value, according to European literature, equals half of that of valuable fodder plants. Becoming a weed, dan­delion has been the object of investigations on ways of elimina­ting it from the sward by means of herbicides (Schlotter et al., 1988). At the same time, experiments are under way on biologi­cal properties of dandelion with the aim to explain the causes of its expansion. It was found that there is an …

Effect Of Fertilizers On Cutting On Time On Chemical Composition Of Sward From Permanent Meadow, A Golob, Zdenka Berloznik, M Leskosek, Vekoslava Stibilj

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Ecological problems and surpluses of milk and meat have given rise to less intensive systems of grassland utilisation. One of such system is utilisation of air nitrogen via legume sym­biosis with nitrogen fixing bacteria. In Slovenia, where conditions for legume growth are more favourable than in NW Europe, natural meadows fertilized with P and K only give reasonable yields - on average around 7 t DM per ha (Leskosek, 1981). Most legumes suffer after fre­quent defoliation so such meadows should be defoliated only 2- 3 times during the growing season. Under less frequent cutting regime nutritive value of forage is …

Screening Sericea Lespedeza Germplasm For Tannin Concentration In The Leaves And Herbage Palatability, J C. Petersen, J A. Mosjidis, N S. Hill

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Several million hectares in the subtropical world are currently used as grazing land for beef and dairy cattle, how­ever, in many cases animal production is very low. To improve animal nutrition, cultivated legume species can be introduced. Sericea lespedeza has potential and could be utilized in the acid soils of the· subtropics. Generally, sericea is low in palatability and nutritive value because its leaves contain tannins, which have long been associ­ated with low intake and reduced digestibility. Tannins are responsible for an astringent or bitter taste caused by the pre­cipitation of salivary glycoprotein (Goldstein and Swain, 1963). Chopping or macerating …

Natural And Artificial Drying Effects On Condensed Tannins Of Sericea Lespedeza, T H. University Of Georgia, W R. Windham, J J. Evans, C S. Hoveland

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Sericea lespedeza [Lespedeza cuneata (Dumont-Cours.) G. Don.] is well adapted to acid soils and low fertility but has generally been considered a low-quality forage due to high levels of tannin and indigestible fiber. Tannin levels increase during midsummer (Windham et al. 1988). The most com­monly used assay for tannin in sericea is the vanillin-HCl pro­cedure (Burns, 1963) on oven-dried samples. Oven-drying has been reported to cause increased polymerization or oxidative changes in tannins (Goldstein and Swain, 1963). Fresh-frozen sericea contained higher amounts of extract­able tannin than field-dried forage and fiber digestibility of high-tannin sericea by sheep was much lower …

Grassland For Our World, F Riveros

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The present-day role of grasslands and fodder is reviewed with respect agriculture, animal production and environmental concerns. The world 's grazing lands are a finite resource nnd, overall, are being badly mnnaEed; in most developing countries action is required now, before it is too lnte. They will continue to be a major source of animal feed for the foreseeable future; encroachment from cropping will con

Effect Of Irrigation On Vegetation Succession And Forage Regerneration, Fu Jing-Yan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

On The Cultivation And Utilization Of Floret Silvergrass (Miscanthus Floridulus) In The Southern Area Of China, Zhu Bangchang

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The plant genus Miscanthus (silvergrass) includes eight species and one variety in China. In the tropical and subtropi­cal area of south China, the silvergrass distributed widely includes the following seven species : Floret silvergrass ( Miscanthus floridulus), Chinese silvergrass ( M. sinensis), Sugary silvergrass ( M. sacchariflorus), Short-hair silvergrass ( M. brevipilus j, Eulalia silver grass ( M. eulalioides), Szechuan silvcrgrass ( M. szechuanensis), Nepal silvergrass ( M. nepalen�� sis). One of them, Floret silvergrass, is the widest in distri­bution and the highest in economical value, and plays a most important role in …

Herbage Dynamics And Plant-Animal Performance On Altered Northern Great Plains Rangelands, P O. Currie, D C. Adams, J D. Volesky

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Mechanical, chemical, and seeding treatments have been used on rangeland to increase herbage production (Griffith et al., 1985). These treatments are generally applied to rangelands in a low serial stage of succession. Improving these rangelands is of major economic importance to livestock producers attempting lo increase the efficiency of their operations. Our study evaluated 5 range improvement treatments for improving herbage and ani­mal production efficiency

Methodology To Determine Planting Time In King Grass (Pennisetum Sp.) Using Historical Climatic Indices, J R. Ayala, M Sistachs, R S. Herrera

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The determination of planting time by field trials has various disadvantages. These trials should be repeated at least for 3 years comparing different months and the extension of the results is limited. The analysis of the climatic effects would allow a greater generalization with correlations between cli­matic and establishment indices. The season of the year in which the highest number of correlations with monthly histori­cal climatic values are fulfilled is required so as to determine planting time. The objective of the present methodology is to select planting time by using correlations between climatic and establishment indices and the monthly characterization …

Methods For The Establishment Of Leucaena Leucocoephala In Cuba, T E. Ruiz, G Febles, N Sistachs, L E. Diaz, G Bernal, J J. Leon

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Studies in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world on the factors influencing the establishment and early manage­ment of legume swards as pure cultures have not been carried out integrally. Thus, the objective of the present study was to define the best options of the main components so as to develop a technology for establishing Leucaena leucocephala under our conditions.

Studies On Seed Storage And Sowing Time Of Leucaena Leucocphala In Cuba, T E. Ruiz, G Febles

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Germination of stored seeds and sowing time are essential factors that must be known when a technology for pasture utili­zation is required (Febles and Ruiz, 1986; Ruiz and Febles, 1986). Thus, these experiments were set out to learn the per­formance of the seed quality of Leucaena leucocephala cv Peru stored under different conditions and to determine the influence of the sowing time of this species during the rainy season.

Factors Influencing Pasture Establishment And Persistence In The Mid-Altitude Zone, Yunnan, Southern China, Kui Jia-Xiang, R N. Glencross, Ai Hongxin, Chen Xiong

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The mid-altitude zone in Yunnan Province of SW China ranges from 1500-2500 m in altitude and has a climate inter­grading between sub-tropical and temperate with a mean temp. of 7-10°C in the coldest month and 19-22 °C in the hottest month. The annual rainfall ranges from 800-1200 mm with 80 % falling in the monsoon period, May to September. About 80 % of the total 39.4 m ha of the province is in this very hilly mid-altitude zone. (He et al., 1982) Native grassland vegetation is dominated by Themeda trianda, Arundinella radoli, Imperata cylindrica and some other grasses such as …

Obtention Of King Grass (Pennisetum Purpureum) Clones From Tissue Culture. Selection And Evaluation Of Mutants, R O. Martinez, M Monzote, R S. Herraera, R Cruz, V Torres

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

King grass (2n = 28) is widely used in Cuba for forage pro­duction. The increase in the variability of this species is there­fore of special interest in agriculture. Tissue culture as a tech­nique to produce and select somaclones from the king grass donor was used to obtain variability. These were obtained when the apical meristems were cultivated in MS medium with 3 mg/I of 2,4 D to regenerate the plants with different hormonal combinations. Those of 0.1 mg/! of kinetine (Martinez, 1986) were prominent. The variability in the selection and evaluation processes is exposed in this paper.

The Efficacy Of A High Magnesium Italian Ryegrass Cultivar In Alleviating Hypomagnesamia, G Moseley, D M. Baker, D H. Hides

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Hypomagnesaemia continues to cause serious economic losses in grazing livestock and recent evidence suggests that its incidence may be increasing. The disease is characterised by a drop in the concentration of magnesium in extracellular fluid and occurs in two forms, chronic and acute. Both forms give rise to classical clinical symptoms which may either result in death or drastically reduced levels of production. The body does not contain a major source of labile magnesium nor does it have a homeostatic mechanism for controlling the level of magnesium in extracellular fluid. The maintainance of normal levels therefore depends almost entirely on …

Evaluation And Selection Of The Salt-Tolerant Alfalfa, Geng Huazhu

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) as a good forage has b��en popu­larly cultivated for a long time in China. Now it is mainly distributed in the north of the Yangtse River, and covers about 1.3 million hectares in the 14 provinces and regions. It can be planted in the saline-alkali areas, accept alluvial plains and hill regions, for instance, the North of Jiangsu, East of Hebei, North-west of Shandong and Xingjiang. The alfalfa is success­fully used in improving and utilizing the saline-alkali soils for developing animal husbandry in the Gangzhou District of Hebei Province, where its planting area is increasing rapidly, …

Plant Improvement Using Endophytic Fungi, G C.M Latch

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Endophytic fungi which grow intercellularly in many species of grasses have been a scientific curiosity for almost a century. The mycelium of many of these fungi never emerges from the plant and the fungus is disseminated by way of hyphae in the seed. Other endophytes such as Epichloe typhina form a myce­lial weft around the developing inflorescences thus preventing seed formation. Grasses infected with endophytes usually appear healthy and the presence of the fungus can only be detected by examining tissues from leaf, sheath, culms and seed for fungal mycelium. The economic importance of these fungi was first discovered by …

Non Conventional Evaluation Of Tropical Pasture Accessions, R T. Paterson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Many thousands of tropical and sub-tropical grass and legume accessions are to be found in germplasm banks in Australia (Tropical Forages Genetic Resources Centre), Colombia (CIAT), Ethiopia (ILCA) and other countries, but most are poorly categorized in terms of their climatic, edaphic and biotic adaptation. In contrast, a number of ecosystems in the developing world are poorly served with pasture varieties capable of sustaining high levels of animal production. It is likely that such material exists in germplasm collections, but since it has not been tested under a range of conditions, it remains unidentified. There is an urgent need to …

Research On Distant Hybridization Between Melissutus Ruthenicus C.W Chang And Medicago Sativa Zhaodong, Wang Diankui, Li Hong, Luo Xinyi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Distant hybridization can be used to combine the characteri­stics of different species and genus to produce a new variety. By crossing the wild species Melissutus ruthenicus C.W. Chang (2n = 2x = 16) which exhibits cold-, drought- and salt-alkali resistance with the local high-yielding cultivar Medicago saliva Zhaodong (2 n = 4 x = 32), it was hoped to synthesize the fine characteristics of two parents, to obtain a new intermediate variety of alfalfa. This paper reports on the advance of the hyb­ridization, the results of cytological studies and the tendency of variations of filial generations as a guide to …

Breeding Guinea Grass (Panicum Maximum Jacq.) For Stall-Feeding, B S. Sidhu, P D. Mehndiratta, R K. Batta

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Punjab is a part oflndo-Gangetic plain with sub-tropical cli­mate. Due to fertile alluvial soil, assured irrigation and small holdings intensive agriculture is in practice. Same plain land is suitable for forage as well as grain production, thus farmers sel­ect to grow which is profitable. Production of milk by stall­feeding of animals on multicut annual summer grasses raised under heavy nitrogen and assured irrigation is relatively econ­omical for the farmers. Thus, a breeding programme on Guinea Grass which responds better to nitrogen than many other summer grasses, was undertaken to develop fast growing annual type which may be cultivated to produce …

Great Diversity For Increased Yield Within Narrow Grass Population, Glenn W. Burton

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Increasing yield of animal product per unit of input is the ultimate objective of any forage breeding project. It increases the efficiency of production and the profit of the producer. It may be achieved by screening and utilizing the world diversity of a species as has been demonstrated in Cynodon spp. (Burton, 1947, 1988). It can also be realized by recurrent restricted phenotypic selection (RRPS) within a narrow-based grass pop­ulation. Pensacola bahiagrass, Paspalum notatum var. saure Parodi, a sexual diploid (2n = 20) that occupies several million hectares in the southern USA is such a grass. It originated as a …

The Study On The High Yield Property Of Billion Dollar Grass, Wan Lishong, Liu Shenglin, Geng Renren, Shao Shengrong, Jiang Wenkui

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In 1964, one plant of billion dollar grass (Echinochloa crus­galli Link) was found by Wan Lisheng in artificial grassland in mid-part of the desert steppe in Ningxia, China. 50 g of seeds were collected in the same year. After 24 years' systematic selec­tion breeding, a new variety named Hai zi-1 billion dollar grass (BDG) was developed. The characteristics of the grass were high-yield and fine quality with extraordinary plant height. The average height of the community was 180-230 cm, the highest plant could be 250 cm high. Its field yield was 16,866 t/ha DM in Ningxia plain irrigated area …

Grass Adaptation In Cuba. Ii. Regional Results With New Cultivars, J J. Paretas

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Cuba, bovine feeding is based on the maximum pasture and forage utilization. Pastures occupy approximately 3.0 mil­lion hectares, the highest agricultural area of the country. From there, one million hectares are sown with improved varieties and the rest with low yielding and poor quality natural species or shrub areas with a very poor utilization area (Paretas and Carballar, 1988). On considering the high genetic potential of the animals mainly pures or with a high Holstein blood percentage, empha­sis is made to transform the areas dedicated to pasture by improving the varieties yielding more and with a more stable production …

Comparative Study Of Some Varieties Of Cowpea I- Productivity And Nutritive Analysis, K M. Ghobrial, M A. Gabra

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Egypt, the serious problem of feed shortage, especially of green summer fodder suppresses the improvement of animal production. Therefore, dependence on improving local food and food resources for both animals and humans becomes a «must» for a right policy. The animal feeding system is depen­ding on the cultivation of berseem (Trifolium alexandrium L.). It produces annually around 4.81 million tons starch value/year and could cover the requirements of animals with surplus of 0.92 million tons starch value. However, in summer period, there will be at least a deficiency of 1.50 million tons starch value and most animals are …

Early-Maturing And High-Yielding New Pea Varieties Zhongwan N1, N2, N3, And N4, Yunyue Sun, Jiakai Su

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Pea is one of the main edible beans for the Chinese people. The total output of pea in China is third only to that of soybean and broad bean. In the main producing area, pea is a protein supplement feed for the animals and poultry next to bean meal. However, the planting area was restricted because most of the old varieties have long growing periods. The yield is low, the seed quality is poor, the plant is high, so it is easy to lodge. Therefore we selected and bred new pea varieties with early­maturing,' high-yielding, low-plant and erect as well …

The Performance Of Wheatgrass Cultivars In Inner Mongolia Of China, Yun Jing-Feng, Mi Fu-Gui

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Crested wheatgrass (Agropyron J. Gaertn) is native to Eurasia and most commonly occurs in southern regions of the U.S.S.R., northern regions of China and the P.R. of Mongolia. It is a main species component of steppe, sandy regions of steppe and mountain vegetation. Crested wheatgrass is a very winter-hardy, drought-resistant, extremely long-lived perennial bunchgrass. It regrows very early in the spring and turns yellow very late in the fall, main­taining a period of green growth more than 7 months. It is more widely used for rangeland improvement and artificial pasture establishment in the arid and semi-arid regions. There are …