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Two New Zoogonid Digenea From Deep Sea Fishes In The Gulf Of Panama, Robin M. Overstreet, Mary Lou Hanson Pritchard

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Panopula cavernossa gen. et sp. n. from the intestine of the brotulid Enchelybrotula (?) paucidens,/i> differs from other members of the Steganodermatinae by having testes near the anterior of the acetabulum, a posttesticular ovary, and a postequatorial acetabulum. Two related species are transferred to the genus Brachyenteron as B. pycnorganum comb. n. and B. spinosum comb. n. Neosteganoderma gillissi sp. n. from the synaphobranchid eel Synaphobranchus bathybius differs from N. glandulosum and N. polymixiae, the most similar species, because conspicuous glandular cells envelop the esophagus and pharynx, others about the genital atrium occur in elongated sacs, epithelium is lacking …

Marine Aspidogastrids (Trematoda) From Fishes In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, Sherman S. Hendrix, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Of the aspidogastrids Multicalyx cristata, Lobatostoma ringens, Cotylogaster basiri, and C. dinosoides sp. n., the last two had not been previously known from the Gulf of Mexico. The latter differs from other members of its genus by having relatively large equatorial marginal alveoli in comparison to those at the anterior and posterior ends of the holdfast. It also possesses extensive transverse musculature connecting opposed lateral alveoli. New host records are included for all four species, and we report preadults of what appear to be the first two species.

Nematicidal Injection: Targeted Control Of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Of Trees And Vines, D. R. Viglierchio, Armand R. Maggenti, R. V. Schmitt, G. A. Paxman

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Pressurized injection of nematicidal solutions was effective for control of nematodes within trees and vines. Significant (P = 0.01) control of Pratylenchus vulnus on grape was attained with four nonfumigants (carbofuran, oxamyl, phenamiphos, and sulfocarb) and one fumigant nematicide (DBCP). Pratylenchus penetrans was controlled (P = 0.05 and 0.1) in apples and walnuts with sulfocarb and oxamyl. This species also was controlled in apples with carbofuran and phenamiphos. The advantages of pressure injection over traditional methods of nematicide applications are discussed.

Monoecocestus Thomasi Sp. N. (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) From The Northern Flying Squirrel, Glaucomys Sabrinus (Shaw), In Oregon, Robert L. Rausch, C. Maser

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Monoecocestus thomasi sp. n. (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae), from the northern flying squirrel, Glaucomys sabrinus (Shaw), in Oregon, is described and distinguished from its congeners. Monoecocestus thomasi is the sixth species of Monoecocestus to be described from nearctic rodents, and the first from a member of the family Sciuridae. Our comparisons of taxonomic characters of the nominal species of Monoecocestus in North American rodents have shown that M. giganticus Buhler 1970 is a synonym of M. americanus (Stiles 1895), both from the porcupine, Erethizon dorsatum (Linnaeus). Insemination in Monoecocestus spp. is discussed, with the conclusion that it takes place only by way …

The Immunizing Potential Of Sporulated Oocysts Of Eimeria Nieschulzi Exposed To Heat And Co-60 Gamma-Radiation, George A. Conder, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria nieschulzi Dieben 1924, a rat coccidium, were exposed to radiation, heat, or both in an effort to attenuate the parasite. Moderate levels of each treatment or combination thereof attenuated the parasite, reduced pathogenesis (as judged by oocyst discharge during primary infection), and produced immunity to challenge when the oocysts were subsequently inoculated into rats. Thus, heat- and/or radiation-treated E. nieschulzi oocysts fed to rats could reduce pathogenesis during a primary infection and yet give good homologous protection.

Life History And Host Specificity Of Mediorhynchus Centurorum Nickol 1969 (Acanthocephala: Gigantorhynchidae), Brent B. Nickol

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Examination of 1905 arthropods from a swamp and surrounding pasture in southern Louisiana revealed larval specimens of Mediorhynchus centurorum in 8 of 228 woodroaches, Parcoblatta pensylvanica, but in no other species. The life cycle was confirmed by feeding eggs of M. centurorum to laboratory-reared woodroaches. Cystacanths later recovered from the woodroaches developed into mature worms when pipetted into esophaguses of red-bellied woodpeckers, Centurus carolinus; redheaded woodpeckers, Melanerpes erythrocephalus; yellow-shafted flickers, Colaptes auratus; and a hairy woodpecker, Dendrocopos villosus. Infection was achieved in all woodpeckers fed cystacanths at least 47 days old and the mean prepatent …

Aploparaksis Borealis Sp. N. (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae) From Passeriform And Charadriiform Birds In Chukotka And Alaska, S. K. Bondarenko, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Aploparaksis borealis sp. n. (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae), from the long-tailed jaeger, Stercorarius longicaudus Vieillot, on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska, and from the red-throated pipit, Anthus cervinus (Pallas), and the Lapland longspur, Calcarius lapponicus (Linnaeus), in Chukotka, northeastern Siberia, is described. This cestode is distinguished by the structure of the cirrus and other morphologic characters from other species of Aploparaksis Clerc 1903 in which there are 10 rostellar hooks and the vitelline gland is aporal to the ovary. A. borealis is the first species of Aploparaksis to be reported from birds representing two orders (Passeriformes and Charadriiformes).

Ultrastructure Of The Sporocyst Wall During Excystation Of Isospora Endocallimici, Clarence A. Speer, Alan A. Marchiondo, Donald W. Duszynski, Sharon K. File

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Sporocysts of Isospora endocallimici, a parasite of marmosets, were exposed to minimal essentials medium (MEM) or a trypsin-bile salt solution (TBS) and then fixed and prepared for trans- mission electron microscopy. Excystation occurred in TBS but not MEM. The sporocyst wall has 2 layers, a thin outer layer (15 to 110 nm thick) and a thick inner layer (65 to 180 nm thick), which is composed of 4 separate curved plates. The outer layer consists of 1 to 3 membranes interspersed with lipid droplets. In the inner layer, a thin layer of material connects the peripheral margins of 2 …

Telorchis Gutturosi Sp. N. (Trematoda: Telorchiidae) From Graptemys Pseudogeographica Gray In Nebraska, With Reports Of Additional Species Of Trematodes From Nebraska Turtles, Daniel R. Brooks, Monte A. Mayes

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

One species of digenean is described and 8 others reported from turtles in Nebraska. Telorchis gutturosi, described from Graptemys pseudogeographica, resembles T. stossichi, T. pseudoaculeatus, and T. pleroticus in having an acetabulum significantly smaller than the oral sucker, but differs by possessing a pharynx which is as large as the acetabulum and having the ovary only 1/10 the body length from the acetabulum. Telorchis necturi is considered the senior synonym of T. cryptobranchi; Graptemys pseudogeographica is a new host. Hapalorhynchus stunkardi is reported for the first time since its description. Based on new morphological evidence, …

Some Platyhelminth Parasites Of Sirens (Amphibia: Sirenidae) From North America, Daniel R. Brooks, Richard L. Buckner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A new genus and species of digenean and a new species of cestode are described and a previously described species of digenean reported for the first time from Siren intermedia from Illinois. A new genus is proposed for a previously described digenean, and another known species of digenean reported from Siren lacertina in Florida. Progorgodera foliata from S. intermedia has a foliate hind- body characteristic of members of Phyllodistomum and multiple testes arranged in 2 longitudinal rows characteristic of members of Gorgodera. Ophiotaenia sireni from the same host resembles O. filaroides in number of testes, O. amphiumae and O. …

Two Tetraphyllidean Cestodes From The Freshwater Stingray Potamotrygon Magdalenae Dumeril 1852 (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) From Colombia, Daniel R. Brooks, Thomas B. Thorson

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Two new tetraphyllidean cestodes are described from the freshwater stingray Potamotrygon magdalenae from Colombia. The new genus Potamotrygonocestus is proposed for P. magdalenensis, which differs from Pedibothrium by having a bilobed rather than X-shaped ovary, and simple rather than bifid hooks. It further differs from Pachybothrium hutsoni by having bothridial hooks inserted immediately posterior to an accessory sucker rather than inserted in the middle of a thick muscular pad. Potamotrygonocestus magdalenensis is unique among known tetraphyllideans by possessing vitellaria which are compact, cylindrical bands in the lateral portions of the middle of the proglottid. The second new species, Rhinebothrium …

Fabespora Vermicola Sp. N., The First Myxosporidan From A Platyhelminth, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The myxosporidan Fabespora vermicola sp. n., tentatively placed in the family Myxidiidae, is described from the digenean Crassicutis archosargi in an estuarine fish. The myxosporidan becomes the first known from a platyhelminth and the third from an invertebrate. It differs from the only other member of the genus primarily by having polar filaments 32 to 44 μm long rather than about 8 μm, and an infection with it can stop reproduction in the digenean host either by physical means or by necrosis of gametes.

A Redescription Of Crassicutis Archosargi, A Digenean Exhibiting An Unusual Tegumental Attachment, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The homalometrine Crassicutis archosargi from the northern Gulf of Mexico is redescribed, and some related digeneans are discussed. Numerous unidentified refractile bodies occurred in the tegument and other tissues of a few specimens of C. archosargi, and an intimate relationship between the parasite and its piscine host resulting from a modified tegument is reported for others. Binding by the described adhesive tegument increases the number of known ways digeneans attach to their hosts. Several specimens also harbored a histozoic myxosporidan in several tissues and a flagellate, Hexamita sp., in their ceca.

Anesthetization Of Morphologically Similar Species With Carbon Dioxide For Separation And Culture, Gregory R. Noel, Armand R. Maggenti

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Nematologists frequently encounter congeneric species in sampling for nematodes. No convenient method for the separation of morphologically similar species has been described. For Meloidogyne spp., inoculum consisting of hundreds of eggs can be easily obtained from a single egg mass and a pure population reared on a suitable host. The separation and culture of other plant parasitic nematode species, such as Paratrichodorus spp., is often more difficult. The species may be separated by placing a single female in the rhizosphere of a host plant, but the chances of a single nematode increasing to a high population in a short time …

Neodeuterobaris Pritchardae Gen. Et Sp. N. (Digenea: Microscaphidiidae) In A Sideneck Turtle, Podocnemis Lewyana Dumeril 1852, From Colombia, Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Neodeuterobaris pritchardae in the stomach of the freshwater turtle, Podocnemis lewyana, from Colombia resembles members of Deuterobaris in possessing ventral glands, a dorsal oral hood, and vitelline follicles confluent posteriorly, but apparently differs from them by possessing 5 rather than 7 rows of ventral glands; by lacking ventral spines, extracecal uterine loops, and a muscular esophageal bulb; and by inhabiting the stomach of freshwater turtles rather than the intestine of marine turtles. Those characters are considered significant enough to erect a new genus. Diagnosis of the Deuterobaridinae is emended to accommodate the new species.

Five Species Of Platyhelminths From Bufo Marinus L. (Anura: Bufonidae) In Colombia With Descriptions Of Creptotrema Lynchi Sp. N. (Digenea: Allocreadiidae) And Glypthelmins Robustus Sp. N. (Digenea: Macroderoididae), Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Gorgoderina diaster, Cylindrotaenia americana, and Ophiotaenia bonariensis are reported, and Creptotrema lynchi and Glypthelmins robustus described from Bufo marinus from 3 localities in the Republic of Colombia. All are new locality records and B. marinus is a new host for G. diaster and C. americana. Creptotrema lynchi differs from C. creptotrema in possessing smaller eggs, relatively smaller oral papillae and suckers, and elongate rather than spherical testes. Glypthelmins robustus differs from all other species in the genus in possessing a pharynx which is significantly larger than the acetabulum and tegumental spines restricted to the anterior fifth of …

Parasites Of California Marine And Estuarine Fish, Milton S. Love, Mike Moser

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

While working on the parasites of several California marine fish, it was difficult to find out which parasites had been reported from our fish. Pertinent sources were scattered over a number of journals, covering many years. We compiled this list because we felt there was a need for a single source which would give all the parasites infecting California marine fish. As "marine fish" was a somewhat vague term, we decided to use it in a broad sense and included estuarine and anadromous fish in the survey. In addition, we have included records from landlocked populations of anadromous fish, such …

Prevalence Of Antibodies To Toxoplasma Gondii In Wild And Domestic Animals Of New Mexico, Arizona And Colorado, Alan A, Marchiondo, Donald W. Duszynski, Gary O. Maupin

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Using the Sabin-Feldman dye test, sera from wild and domestic animals in New Mexico, Arizona and Colorado were tested for the prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. The prevalence of positive titers (≥ 1:8) in animals from these areas was: New Mexico (178 of 569, 31%), Arizona (11 of 56, 20%), and Colorado (2 of 7, 29%). The overall prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma was 30% (191 of 632).

Nine of 17 fecal samples from wild zoo felines contained Toxoplasma-like oocysts which were inoculated per os and intraperitoneally into mice. Mice from six of these nine inoculations later …

Immunoglobulins Attached To And In The Integument Of Adult Schistosoma Mansoni Sambon 1907, From First Infection Of Cf1 Mice, Franklin Sogandares-Bernal

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

7S_γ2b antibody was found attached to and in the integument of adult Schistosoma mansoni removed from CF₁ white mice. With the techniques used, I_gA, I_gM, 7S_γ1, 7S_γ2a, 7S_γ3, and C3 complement were not found to be attached to the integumental surfaces. 7S_γ2b does not seem to fix C3, and it is suggested this antibody may be acting in enhancing and blocking roles which protect the worms from the host.

A Review Of The Genus Allassostomoides Stunkard 1924 (Trematoda: Paramphistomidae) With A Redescription Of A. Chelydrae (Maccallum 1919) Yamaguti 1958, Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A redescription of Allassostomoides chelydrae and a review of the genus is presented, based on new collections of A. chelydrae and A. parvus from Nebraska, and examination of all type material relating to the genus. A. chelydrae, A. parvus, and A. louisianaensis are considered valid species. New host records for A. chelydrae are Bufo americanus, Rana catesbeiana, Chrysemys picta, and Graptemys pseudogeographica.

Prevalence Of Toxoplasma Antibodies In Range Vs. Dairy Cattle From The Bitterroot Valley Of Montana, Franklin Sogandares-Bernal, A. A. Marchiondo, Donald W. Duszynski, J. K. Ward

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

"Natural" or unaltered foods have become a fad in recent years. This includes the drinking of unpasteurized cow's milk as well as that designated "Certified." This report is made to call attention to a high prevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma in dairy as compared with range cattle. Previous to this study, few papers have considered the breed or conditions of management of cattle sampled for toxoplasma antibodies (McIlwain, 1969, Arch Environ Health 19: 885-886; Vanderwagen et aI., 1974, J Am Vet Med Assoc 164: 1,034-1,037).

Buquinolate As A Preventive Drug To Control Microsporidosis In The Blue Crab, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

When administered a single meal containing spores of Nosema michaelis and buquinolate, specimens of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, were less likely to acquire spore-ridden muscle tissue than individuals not allowed the drug. Those crabs presented the drug 48 hr preceding or following the introduction of spores also exhibited minimal incidence of infection. Even after 2 mo, spores were not observed in the musculature of most crabs.

Phyllodistomum Scrippsi Sp. N. (Digenea: Gorgoderidae) And Neobenedenia Girellae (Hargis, 1955) Yamaguti, 1963 (Monogenea: Capsalidae) From The California Sheephead, Pimelometopon Pulchrum (Ayres) (Pisces: Labridae), Daniel R. Brooks, Monte A. Mayes

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Phyllodistomum scrippsi sp. n. is described from the urinary bladder and Neobenedenia girellae is reported from the skin of Pimelometopon pulchrum from La Jolla, California. Phyllodistomum scrippsi differs from P. borisbychowskyi in possessing lobed vitell ari a, fewer extracecal uterine loops, irregular to lobed gonads, and larger eggs; and from P. acceptum in possessing a short esophagus, nondigitiform vitelline lobes, and an oral sucker larger than the acetabulum. An annotated checklist of trematodes parasitizing P. pulchrum is given.

Platyhelminths Of Nebraska Turtles With Descriptions Of Two New Species Of Spirorchiids (Trematoda: Spirorchiidae), Daniel R. Brooks, Monte A. Mayes

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Twenty-one species of platyhelminth parasites are reported from 8 species of turtles collected in Nebraska. Two species of spirorchiids are reported as new. Vasotrema brevitestis sp. n. from Trionyx muticus and T. spiniferus differs from V. amydae Stunkard, 1926, in possessing a relatively shorter, more compact testis, postcecal length equal to one-fifth the body length, a cirrus sac which does not extend to the opposite cecum, and vitellaria composed of discrete follicles more restricted in distribution. Hapalorhynchus foliorchis sp. n. from Chelydra serpentina differs from H. gracilis Stunkard, 1922, in possessing a narrower oral sucker and larger acetabulum, a prominent …

Histochemistry Of The Tissue Capsule Surrounding Intradermal Mites, Hannemania Spp. (Acarina: Trombiculidae) In New Mexico Amphibians, Jill J. Grover, Donald W. Duszynski, Barbara C. Bogan

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The first occurrence of larval intradermal mites, Hannemania spp., from New Mexico amphibians was recently reported (Duszynski and Jones, 1973, Int. J. Parasit. 3: 531-538). These parasites are always encapsulated by host connective tissue in the dermis of their host and the capsules are grossly visible below the epidermis. Basic histochemical procedures were used to help characterize and give us a better understanding of the structure and formation of this tissue capsule.

Thynnascaris Reliquens Sp. N. And T. Habena (Linton, 1900) (Nematoda: Ascaroidea) From Fishes In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico And Eastern U.S. Seaboard, Donald E. Norris, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Thynnascaris reliquens sp. n. is described from the type host, the sheepshead, Archosargus probatocephalus (Walbaum), and other fishes of the northern Gulf of Mexico and southern Florida, including the Gulf toadfish, Opsanus beta (Goode and Bean); the spiny boxfish, Chilomycterus schoepfi (Walbaum); the slippery dick, Halichoeres bivittatus (Bloch); and the Atlantic croaker, Micropogon undulatus (Linnaeus). Its salient characters are: length up to approximately 12.5 cm; lips broad, with pedunculate pulp and equatorially constricted flanges; esophagus 8 to 12% and spicules 3 to 6% of body length; preanal and postanal papillae up to 33 and 6 pairs, respectively. In the type …

Fine Structure Of The Oocyst Walls Of Isospora Serini And Isospora Canaria And Excystation Of Isospora Serini From The Canary, Serinus Canarius L., Clarence A. Speer, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Oocysts of Isospora serini and Isospora canaria, from the canary Serinus canarius, were broken, added to a cell suspension, fixed in Karnovsky's fluid, and studied in the electron microscope. The oocyst wall of each species had an electron- lucent inner layer, a more osmiophilic middle layer and an outer layer of electron-lucent (I. serini) or electron-dense material interspersed with some electron-lucent material (I. canaria). A few, relatively large lipid-like bodies were present in the outer or middle layer of the oocyst wall of I. canaria. As many as 9 membranes were present in …

Taxonomy And Zoogeography Of Lemmus Spp. (Rodentia: Arvicolinae), With Notes On Laboratory-Reared Lemmings, Robert L. Rausch, Virginia R. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Lemmings of the genus Lemmus Link, 1795, have long attracted interest because of the high numerical densities attained at intervals by their populations. In earlier times, in northern Europe, such events seemed so remarkable as to be explained by some as a consequence of the animals' having fallen from the sky (HaGSTROM 1749). During the last 25 years, lemmings have been the object of intensive ecological investigation in Eurasia and North America, although there has been no consensus concerning their taxonomic relationships. In 1959, a colony of brown lemmings from arctic Alaska was established in our laboratory, primarily to provide …

Pilogalumna Cozadensis, A New Species Of Galumnid From Nebraska, U.S.A., F. Reese Nevin

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

In working with the galumnids in my collection of oribatid mites I found that a number of specimens from Nebraska showed several characteristics which differentiated them from other species of pilogalumnids. The description and drawings of the new species is based upon a study of these specimens.

Rabies In Experimentally Infected Bears, Ursus Spp., With Epizootiologic Notes, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Ten black bears, Ursus americanus Pallas, and three brown bears, U. arctos Linnaeus, were inoculated with rabies virus from naturally infected foxes in Alaska. The bears were more resistant than canine species, requiring at least 1,000 MLD₅₀ of virus for infection. Low titres or negative results were obtained in salivary glands titrated in mice. Clinical course of the disease, post mortem findings, and microscopic lesions are described. Microscopic lesions were more· severe in brown bears, in which the inflammatory response was distinguished by the presence of numerous eosinophils in the perivascular infiltrate and among cells diffusely infiltrating the parenchyma. …