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Articles 9661 - 9690 of 11905
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Overwintering Abundance And Distribution Of Striped Bass (Morone Saxtilis) In The Hudson River Estuary Using Hydroacoustic Techniques, Brian William Nagy
Overwintering Abundance And Distribution Of Striped Bass (Morone Saxtilis) In The Hudson River Estuary Using Hydroacoustic Techniques, Brian William Nagy
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Using a modification of standard techniques, a target strength to length relationship was developed for white perch (Morone americana) and striped bass (Morone saxtilis). This target strength to length relationship was compared to two standard relationships (Love and Foote). The calculated relationship was not found to be significantly different from Love's equation, but was different from Foote's equation. This calculated relationship was applied to hydroacoustic data collected on the Hudson River in December of 1995 and 1997. The goal of the hydroacoustic data collection was to assess the abundance and distribution of overwintering Hudson River striped bass. Results from this …
Modulation Of Thiols And Pulmonary Immune Responses Due To Diesel Exhaust Particle (Dep) Exposure, Nabil Hussain Al-Humadi
Modulation Of Thiols And Pulmonary Immune Responses Due To Diesel Exhaust Particle (Dep) Exposure, Nabil Hussain Al-Humadi
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Environmental exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) has been of concern because of its potential contribution to the increased prevalence of acute and chronic airway diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of thiol changes (due to DEP exposure) in immune responses. Rats were exposed to OVA, DEP, or both by intratracheal instillation (IT) and/or inhalation. IT-DEP exposure significantly increased the inflammatory parameters and thiol levels in both Sprague-Dawley and Brown Norway rats. Exposure to DEP and/or OVA resulted in significant increases in neutrophils, LDH, total protein, and albumin content in lavage fluid. Alveolar macrophage (AM) …
Integrated Through -Wafer Optical Monitoring Of Mems For Closed -Loop Control, Jeremy Michael Dawson
Integrated Through -Wafer Optical Monitoring Of Mems For Closed -Loop Control, Jeremy Michael Dawson
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Current trends in many microelectronic systems show an increased use of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) to perform a variety of tasks. The increased market for MEMS has led to microsystem technologies being employed in physically demanding environments and safety critical applications. This creates the need for higher degrees of certainty in MEMS operation, especially in systems that contain drive components operating under time varying load conditions. Situations such as these give rise to the need for detailed knowledge of the operational states of MEMS over the lifetime of the device, as well as device fault detection. Accurately obtaining this information by …
Effects Of D -Amphetamine And Morphine On Behavior Maintained By Fixed -Interval Schedules, Jennifer L. Johnson
Effects Of D -Amphetamine And Morphine On Behavior Maintained By Fixed -Interval Schedules, Jennifer L. Johnson
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The present experiments tested the effects of d-amphetamine and morphine on pigeons' responding during conventional and clocked FI schedules of food reinforcement. The first experiment compared performance between FI 5-min and continuously clocked FI 5-min components of a multiple schedule in which the rate of the houselight flashing increased in a continuous manner. The second experiment examined the differences between keypecking maintained by FI 5-min, response-dependent clocked FI 5-min, and response-independent clocked FI 5-min components of a multiple schedule. In the response-dependent clocked FI component, each peck produced a stimulus change that was correlated with the passage of time, while …
Effects Of Morphine, D-Amphetamine, And Food Deprivation On Temporally Organized Behavior, Todd William Knealing
Effects Of Morphine, D-Amphetamine, And Food Deprivation On Temporally Organized Behavior, Todd William Knealing
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Two experiments examined the effects of morphine and d-amphetamine on behavior that was temporally organized under several schedule arrangements. Two body weights were assessed for each experiment. Experiment 1 made use of fixed-interval (FI) schedules, the peak procedure, and a two-key (free-operant psychophysical) procedure. Indexes of timing performance under each of these schedules were assessed and compared. Timing indexes were decreased by both drugs in the two-key procedure, but were not reliably altered in the peak procedure. Both drugs produced clear rate-dependent effects on behavior in both procedures. In Experiment 2, FI performance was assessed both alone and with a …
Preparation Of Benzoenyne -Allenes, Enyne -Isocyanates And Enyne -Carbodiimides And Their Applications In The Synthesis Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons And Heterocycles, Hongbin Li
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The thionyl chloride-induced cascade cyclization of enediynyl propargylic alcohols provides an efficient synthetic route to 11H-benzo[ b]fluoren-11-ols and related compounds. The simplicity of the synthetic sequence and the mildness of the reaction condition make this pathway especially attractive. Interestingly, in certain cases the intramolecular [2+2] cycloaddition reaction of the chlorinated benzoenyne-allene intermediates occurred preferentially to form 1H-cyclobut[a]indenes. Competition from the intramolecular [2+2] cycloaddition reaction could be avoided with the non-chlorinated benzoenyne-allenes, providing direct access to novel polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Several indeno-fused 4,5-diarylphenanrenes were synthesized by a consecutive C2-C6 cyclization of a symmetrical benzoenyne-allene. The formal Diels-Alder reaction involving a C2-C6 …
Edge Coloring Of Simple Graphs And Edge -Face Coloring Of Simple Plane Graphs, Rong Luo
Edge Coloring Of Simple Graphs And Edge -Face Coloring Of Simple Plane Graphs, Rong Luo
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
We prove that chie( G) = Delta if Delta ≥ 5 and g ≥ 4, or Delta ≥ 4 and g ≥ 5, or Delta ≥ 3 and g ≥ 9. In addition, if chi(Sigma) > 0, then chie( G) = Delta if Delta ≥ 3 and g ≥ 8 where Delta, g is the maximum degree, the girth of the graph G, respectively.;It is proved that G is not critical if d¯ ≤ 6 and Delta ≥ 8, or d¯ ≤ 203 and Delta ≥ 9. This result generalizes earlier results.;Given a simple plane graph G, an edge-face k-coloring of …
Factors Related To The Information Needs And Desired Level Of Participation Of Older Women Engaged In Medical Decision Making, Ronald Ralph Martin
Factors Related To The Information Needs And Desired Level Of Participation Of Older Women Engaged In Medical Decision Making, Ronald Ralph Martin
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Previous research suggests that older adults prefer less information and involvement in medical decision-making scenarios than younger adults. No previous research has empirically explored the factors that might influence the information and involvement preferences of older adults in medical decision-making scenarios. The present study involved an investigation of the influence of four factors on information and involvement needs: the complexity of the medical information, cognitive abilities, attitudes toward medical authority and health locus of control beliefs. Complexity was defined by contrasting reading levels (i.e., medical scenarios written at the 4th- vs. 11th-grade reading level). Cognitive abilities were measured using the …
Role Of Protein Kinase C Isoforms In Human Breast Tumor Cell Survival, Meredith Ann Mccracken
Role Of Protein Kinase C Isoforms In Human Breast Tumor Cell Survival, Meredith Ann Mccracken
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine/threonine kinases composed of 12 unique isoforms that function in a variety of cellular processes including proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and carcinogenesis. The contribution of individual PKC isoforms to these processes is largely unexplored. The purpose of this study is to identify specific PKC isoforms that promote breast tumor cell survival following radiation treatment. This work demonstrated that depletion of PKC delta and PKC zeta isoforms from MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast tumor cells by antisense oligonucleotides significantly impaired survival following radiation insult. Antisense oligonucleotides were shown to be effective and selective inhibitors …
Tone Classification Of Syllable -Segmented Thai Speech Based On Multilayer Perceptron, Nuttavudh Satravaha
Tone Classification Of Syllable -Segmented Thai Speech Based On Multilayer Perceptron, Nuttavudh Satravaha
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Thai is a monosyllabic and tonal language. Thai makes use of tone to convey lexical information about the meaning of a syllable. Thai has five distinctive tones and each tone is well represented by a single F0 contour pattern. In general, a Thai syllable with a different tone has a different lexical meaning. Thus, to completely recognize a spoken Thai syllable, a speech recognition system has not only to recognize a base syllable but also to correctly identify a tone. Hence, tone classification of Thai speech is an essential part of a Thai speech recognition system.;In this study, a tone …
Antitumor Activity Of Antimalarials In Human Breast Cancer Cells, Qun Zhou
Antitumor Activity Of Antimalarials In Human Breast Cancer Cells, Qun Zhou
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Previously we showed that quinidine arrested MCF-7 cells in G1 phase of the cell cycle and led to a G1 to G0 transition followed by apoptotic cell death (Wang et al., 1998). The present experiments demonstrate that MCF-7, MCF-7ras, T47D, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-435 cells transiently differentiate before undergoing apoptosis in response to quinidine. The cells accumulated lipid droplets and the cytokeratin 18 cytoskeleton was reorganized. Hyperacetylated histone H4 appeared within 2 h of the addition of quinidine to the medium, and levels were maximal by 24 h. Quinidine treated MCF-7 cells showed elevated p21/WAF1, hypophosphorylation and suppression of retinoblastoma protein, …
Chebyshev Pseudospectral Methods For Conservation Laws With Source Terms And Applications To Multiphase Flow, Scott Alan Sarra
Chebyshev Pseudospectral Methods For Conservation Laws With Source Terms And Applications To Multiphase Flow, Scott Alan Sarra
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Pseudospectral methods are well known to produce superior results for the solution of partial differential equations whose solutions have a certain amount of regularity. Recent advances have made possible the use of spectral methods for the solution of conservation laws whose solutions may contain shocks. We use a recently described Super Spectral Viscosity method to obtain stable approximations of Systems of Nonlinear Hyperbolic Conservation Laws. A recently developed postprocessing method, which is theoretically capable of completely removing the Gibbs phenomenon from the Super Spectral Viscosity approximation, is examined. The postprocessing method has shown great promise when applied in some simple …
Three Empirical Essays On Environmental Regulations, Strategic Interaction, And Regional Trade Agreements, Paavo Eliste
Three Empirical Essays On Environmental Regulations, Strategic Interaction, And Regional Trade Agreements, Paavo Eliste
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This dissertation will focus on the relationship between trade and the environment. We will analyze this from three angles. First, we explore the effect of trade liberalization on a country's environmental regulations at global level. Secondly, we focus on trade and political integration process at the regional level and how it affects block members environmental policies. Thirdly, we analyze whether polluting producers are compensated for environmental policies at the national level.;The analysis will focus on environmental regulations in the agricultural sector. We use spatial econometrics techniques to analyze policy outcomes, which are dependent on trade or political interactions between countries …
Influence Of Mass Of Ruminal Contents On Voluntary Intake And Digesta Passage Of A Concentrate And A Forage Diet, Marcela Ana Whetsell
Influence Of Mass Of Ruminal Contents On Voluntary Intake And Digesta Passage Of A Concentrate And A Forage Diet, Marcela Ana Whetsell
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
To evaluate the influence of mass of rumen contents on voluntary intake and rumen function, five ruminally cannulated steers (500 kg) were fed a hay diet ad libitum in a 5 x 5 Latin square experiment. Mass of ruminal contents was altered by adding varying weights of modified tennis balls to the rumen before the initiation of each experimental period. Treatments consisted of 50 balls with a specific gravity (SG) of either 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 or 1.4 and the total weight of the balls was 7.45 kg, 8.50 kg; 9.25 kg, 10.55; and 11.55 kg, respectively. Daily DMI was …
Use Of Flowable Fill As A Backfill Material Around Buried Pipes, Andrew Ray Simmons
Use Of Flowable Fill As A Backfill Material Around Buried Pipes, Andrew Ray Simmons
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The objective of this research work was to study the performance of flowable fill as a backfill material around buried plastic corrugated pipes. The flowable fill materials used in this study contained varying proportions of fly ash, bottom ash, river sand, waste foundry sand, and cement. The relationships between flowability and compressive strength were investigated for different mixtures by using ASTM test methods in order to design suitable mixtures that meet WVDOT materials specifications. The second phase of the research was to design and construct a laboratory-scale pipe testing apparatus. The final phase was to find the pipe-soil interactions under …
In Vitro Genotoxicity Investigations Of Jet Fuel, Shawna M. Jackman
In Vitro Genotoxicity Investigations Of Jet Fuel, Shawna M. Jackman
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The 60 billion gallons of jet propulsion fuels consumed worldwide create an exposure situation to over two million military and civilian personnel per year. The potential mutagenic, genotoxic and cytotoxic potency of military jet fuel was investigated in this study through in vitro systems such as human peripheral lymphocytes and metabolically competent hepatic cell lines. A battery of genotoxicological evaluations is employed, focusing on the comet assay to examine the induction of DNA damage. Cellular exposures to fuel were carried out directly and indirectly with an ethanol (EtOH) carrier. The fuel was found to be nonmutagenic with and without metabolic …
The Effects Of Feedback On The Behavioral Profile Of Preservice Teachers Across Three Educational Levels Of The Physical Education Student Teaching Experience., Joseph Scott Townsend
The Effects Of Feedback On The Behavioral Profile Of Preservice Teachers Across Three Educational Levels Of The Physical Education Student Teaching Experience., Joseph Scott Townsend
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The student teaching experience represents one of the most important components of a novice physical educator's preservice preparation. However, current research raises several important issues regarding the cooperating teacher's role as clinical supervisor. At the present time a less than complete picture exists of the effect of feedback using systematic behavioral data by cooperating teachers on their assigned preservice teacher in a variety of settings. This study adds to a research base that has rarely used behavior analytic designs in the past decade. A reversal to baseline research design was used to determine whether cooperating teachers could provide systematically collected …
Emergent Planning In Baccalaureate, General, Private, Not-For-Profit Colleges In The United States Of America., Reginald John Urbanowski
Emergent Planning In Baccalaureate, General, Private, Not-For-Profit Colleges In The United States Of America., Reginald John Urbanowski
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This study employed a method of analysis and development to develop the model of emergent planning. The study was exploratory in nature and therefore directed at uncovering a research process that was sensitive to the unique features of higher education and strategic planning. Triangulation involved the development of concepts from the literature, analysis of analogies, and the analysis of a survey. Fifty concepts were developed based on five principal tenets. These concepts were developed from literature in the social and business sciences. The analogy research was based on the analysis of three primary terms and five secondary terms that have …
The Effect Of Student Verses Teacher Instruction On Motor Skill Acquisition., Mary Ann Deluca
The Effect Of Student Verses Teacher Instruction On Motor Skill Acquisition., Mary Ann Deluca
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The primary purpose of this analysis was to evaluate whether student assistants in the gymnasium could assist the teacher in improving skill development. In this study, six novice students were chosen from a 5 th grade class based on scores from a pretest of juggling catches and cascades. One other fifth grade student from the same class was chosen as a student assistant by the physical education teacher based on leadership, maturation, respect, and maturity. Six single case studies were conducted for approximately 16 days. Supplementary dependent variables such as feedback, verbal cues, and modeling were also examined. These dependent …
Participants' Beliefs About Educational Risk And Resilience In Energy Express, A Summer Intervention Program For West Virginia's Elementary Schoolchildren, Lynn G. Mcmullen
Participants' Beliefs About Educational Risk And Resilience In Energy Express, A Summer Intervention Program For West Virginia's Elementary Schoolchildren, Lynn G. Mcmullen
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Energy Express is a six-week summer program to promote the school success of elementary school children living in rural and low-income communities of West Virginia. Throughout the course of the program, college student AmeriCorps members provide literacy, art, and recreation activities for multiage groups of 5 to 8 children under the direction of a site coordinator, most often a local education professional. The purpose of this study was to describe the beliefs of Energy Express participants about educational risks faced by West Virginia schoolchildren, and to examine the effects of those beliefs on daily program decisions and interactions with children. …
Daniel Defoe And The Reform Of The English Nation: An Examination Of His Moralistic Writings., Tiphanie N. Stocks
Daniel Defoe And The Reform Of The English Nation: An Examination Of His Moralistic Writings., Tiphanie N. Stocks
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Daniel Defoe (1660-1731) advocated social and moral reform in early eighteenth century England through his novels, pamphlets, essays, and other moralistic writings. This work traces Defoe’s reform efforts by analyzing his religious education and those political actions that helped him to develop his beliefs. While Defoe’s writings reflect religious and moral concerns that were typical of the era and addressed by other polemicists, he differed from contemporary reformers in that he used fiction as well as essays and pamphlets to disseminate his beliefs. While other writers quickly followed suit, up until 1720, only Paul Bunyan in The Pilgrim’s Progress, published …
Policy Effectiveness And Instrument Selection: An Examination Of United States Organ And Tissue Donation Policies., Jennifer Lyn Mesich-Brant
Policy Effectiveness And Instrument Selection: An Examination Of United States Organ And Tissue Donation Policies., Jennifer Lyn Mesich-Brant
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Continuing advances in medical technology have made organ and tissue transplantation safer and more effective. However, organ and tissue donation has not increased at a similar pace. In order to promote donation and transplantation, federal and state governments have assumed an active role in educating citizens about the need for organs and tissues. This research examines why this policy area developed the way that it did and how effective it has been. I examine the need for a new policy typology and argue that policy type influences instrument selection. More specifically, I examine the effectiveness of policy changes in certain …
The Relationship Between West Virginia School Principals' Self-Perceived Brain Hemispheric Cognitive Styles/Leadership Styles And Identified Schools Of Excellence., James Perry Varner
The Relationship Between West Virginia School Principals' Self-Perceived Brain Hemispheric Cognitive Styles/Leadership Styles And Identified Schools Of Excellence., James Perry Varner
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The purpose of this study was to identify the predominant self-perceived brain hemispheric cognitive styles and leadership styles of principals of schools identified as a West Virginia School of Excellence and to compare these with principals of schools that have not been identified as a West Virginia School of Excellence. The following research questions provided the focus for this study: Is there a difference between West Virginia principals of schools identified as a West Virginia School of Excellence and principals of schools not identified as a School of Excellence who perceive themselves as: (1) Right brain hemispheric cognitive style and …
A Study Of The Relationship Between Job Satisfaction And Selected Demographics Of West Virginia Teachers And Their Intent To Stay In The Teaching Profession., Kevin Joe Smith
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between job satisfaction and selected demographics of West Virginia teachers and their intent to stay in the teaching profession. Teacher demographics collected included age, number of dependent children, type of educator, grade level, subjects taught, education level, teaching experience, and household income. Teacher intent to stay in the teaching profession, teacher demographics, and overall job satisfaction were both collected using the Smith Teacher Intent to Stay Inventory. Intrinsic, extrinsic, and overall job satisfactions were assessed using the Smith Job Satisfaction Scale. The Smith Teacher Intent to Stay Inventory and the …
A Study Of Student Characteristics And Their Effect On Student Satisfaction With Online Courses., Karen Elizabeth Kirtley
A Study Of Student Characteristics And Their Effect On Student Satisfaction With Online Courses., Karen Elizabeth Kirtley
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between selected student characteristics and the level of student satisfaction in online courses at Marshall University. The study examined characteristics as identified in the literature and made conclusions to support or refute previous research. A descriptive research design was used to examine the relationship between the student's age, gender, marital status, employment status, motivation to enroll in online course, expectation of course and experience in course with student satisfaction. Research questions were developed to examine this relationship. The population for this study was N = 554 students who enrolled in …
Career Maturity And The Use Of Disability Support Services: The Effect Of Locus Of Control And Career Self -Efficacy For College Students With Disabilities., Bethanne T. Jacobson
Career Maturity And The Use Of Disability Support Services: The Effect Of Locus Of Control And Career Self -Efficacy For College Students With Disabilities., Bethanne T. Jacobson
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Each year the number of college students with disabilities increases. For these students, completing a college education is important in order to meet personal goals of self-sufficiency, independence, financial security, and to allow for more effective competition in the job market. This study examined the influence of locus of control and career self-efficacy on the development of career maturity for college students with disabilities. The college students that responded to this study demonstrated high levels of career self-efficacy, career maturity, and an internal locus of control regardless of gender, ethnicity, academic level, disability status, age of onset of disability, or …
The Development And Validity Testing Of The Risk Communicator Style Scale And The Risk Knowledge Index., Jason Steven Wrench
The Development And Validity Testing Of The Risk Communicator Style Scale And The Risk Knowledge Index., Jason Steven Wrench
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This study examined the current lack of quantitative research in the area of risk communication. This study set out to develop and then validate two different scales that could be used for future research in the area of risk communication. The first scale created in this study is the Risk Communicator Style Scale. The scale is based on the technical and democratic models of risk communication described by Fiorino (1989). This study found a conceptual problem with Fiorino's original conceptualization of technical risk communication. Fiorino's original conceptualization of technical communication tried to equate the use of scientific and statistical information …
The Significance Of Metallothionein Isoform 3 Gene Expression In Human Prostate Cancer., Rana Dutta
The Significance Of Metallothionein Isoform 3 Gene Expression In Human Prostate Cancer., Rana Dutta
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Since the expression of the brain specific metallothionein isoform, MT-3, was shown to be expressed in many, but not all prostate cancers, this gene was transfected into the commonly utilized prostate tumor cell line, PC-3, to study the consequence of MT-3 expression on growth rate and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. PC-3 cells were stably transfected with MT-3 or MT-1E under control of the constitutive CMV promoter. The levels of MT-3 protein for the 5 overexpressing clones had an average level of 8.3 ng MT-3 per μg protein as assessed by quantitative immunodot blot analysis, and three were picked for further …
A Stratigraphic And Sedimentary Analysis Of The Purslane Formation Of Western Maryland., Jeffrey Ian O'Connell
A Stratigraphic And Sedimentary Analysis Of The Purslane Formation Of Western Maryland., Jeffrey Ian O'Connell
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
In the past, outcrops of the Purslane Formation have been misidentified and neglected receiving little attention as a major Lower Mississippian unit. While exposures of this formation are rare, those that occur in western Maryland are worthy of extensive analysis. In particular are the exposures in the Oakland sand and gravel quarry, those along Deep Creek Lake in McHenry, and those above the third bench on the north cut face of the I-68 road cut through Sideling Hill. Through detailed stratigraphic and sedimentary analysis it is possible to correlate these deposits with each other as well as accurately reconstruct sedimentary …
The Role Of Power And Energy Demands In Hybrid Vehicles., John Jason Conley
The Role Of Power And Energy Demands In Hybrid Vehicles., John Jason Conley
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
In the past, the process of hybridizing a vehicle has been founded on modeling of drive cycles and vehicle performance requirements. One of the primary advantages of hybridization is the use of regenerative braking to recover energy. This work focuses on creating a different approach to determining the optimal hybrid vehicle component sizes. A hybrid vehicle design process has been established where the vehicle is designed by modeling real world driving data to determine hybrid component sizes needed to maximize the regenerative braking energy recovery. Vehicle speed and road grade data were collected for use in the modeling. The power …