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Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

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Epileptiform Bursting In The Disinhibited Neonatal Cerebral Cortex, Jason Eric Wells Aug 2003

Epileptiform Bursting In The Disinhibited Neonatal Cerebral Cortex, Jason Eric Wells

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The cerebral cortex, which include the neocortex and hippocampus, is an elaborate neuronal network communicating mainly through glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Glutamate, operating via AMPA, kainate, and NMDA receptors excites neurons, and operating via metabotropic glutamate receptors can either increase or decrease the excitation in the neuronal network. GABA, operating through GABAA and GABAB receptors, inhibits the mature neuronal network, and GABAA receptor blockade in the adult cerebral cortex leads to epileptiform bursts. In contrast, in the neonatal cerebral cortex, GABAA has been proposed to function as an excitatory neurotransmitter, and glutamatergic synapses are claimed to be underdeveloped. It …

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Seismic Interpretation And Structural Evaluation Of The Hope Basin, Alaska, Virginia L. Elswick Aug 2003

Seismic Interpretation And Structural Evaluation Of The Hope Basin, Alaska, Virginia L. Elswick

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The Hope Basin is a Cenozoic basin located off the coast of Alaska, in the Bering Sea. Its initial formation was theorized to have occurred from right-lateral movement on the Kobuk fault, a strike-slip fault located in northwestern Alaska. However, from an interpretation of newly reprocessed seismic lines that are located in the southeastern portion of the basin, it is evident that distinct characteristics of strike-slip basins, as evaluated by past authors, are not present within the study area. Furthermore, a study of the tectonic history of the region lends itself to an alternate theory of orogenic collapse of the …

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Three Essays On Stock Market Anomalies, Behavioral Finance, And Financial Econometrics, Ding Du Aug 2003

Three Essays On Stock Market Anomalies, Behavioral Finance, And Financial Econometrics, Ding Du

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This dissertation studies two important stock market anomalies, the correlation between stock returns and inflation and the predictability of stock returns. Chapter 1 is an introduction. Chapter 2 investigates why the stock return-inflation relation changes over time. Kaul (1987) considers changes in the monetary policy regime, while Hess and Lee (1999) propose changes in the composition of structural shocks. I show in Chapter 2: (1) different from Kaul (1987) and Hess and Lee (1999), both changes in the monetary policy regime and changes in the composition of structural shocks can in principle cause changes in the stock return-inflation relation; (2) …

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Simulation Of A Vertical Ground-Coupled Heat Pump System With Optimal Ground Loop Design, Krishna C. Adivi Aug 2003

Simulation Of A Vertical Ground-Coupled Heat Pump System With Optimal Ground Loop Design, Krishna C. Adivi

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

As the natural resources for conventional energy will steadily diminish in the future, it becomes necessary to search for alternate sources of energy. One of those sources includes the geothermal energy, which is defined as the thermal energy found in the earth's crust. Ground coupled heat pumps (GCHP) consist of a water-to-air or water-to-water heat pump, a circulator pump, a buried pipe grid and an interconnecting header. Heat is extracted from or rejected to the ground through this buried pipe grid that circulates a heat transfer fluid such as water or a water/antifreeze solution. Energy is spent to run the …

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Locomotive Emissions Effects Due To Engine Configuration, Nicholas P. Amandus Aug 2003

Locomotive Emissions Effects Due To Engine Configuration, Nicholas P. Amandus

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

There are two studies reported in this document. The first study tested a General Electric C39-8 (Norfolk Southern Engine Number 8678) locomotive and a General Electric D8-40C (Norfolk Southern Engine Number 8692) locomotive, which were equipped with General Electric Model 7FDL16L6 diesel engines with mechanically controlled fuel injection. The objective of this study was to determine if a mechanically fuel injected diesel locomotive engine could be made to meet the EPA Tier 0 emissions limits without a substantial loss in fuel economy by retarding the injection timing and installing a more efficient turbocharger. The first locomotive was equipped with a …

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Effect Of In-Situ Stresses On The Stability Of Coal Mine Development Workings, Murali Mohan Gadde Aug 2003

Effect Of In-Situ Stresses On The Stability Of Coal Mine Development Workings, Murali Mohan Gadde

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Among the different types of ground control problems associated with underground coal mining, those related to in-situ stresses are the most common ones affecting the safety of a mining operation. As a result, this has been the focus of many ground control research works done in the recent years. More work has been done in this thesis to add additional information on the in-situ stress related ground control issues of the underground coal mine development workings.;Three-dimensional finite element modeling has been done to examine the Influence of the in-situ maximum horizontal stress angle on the stability of both the entry …

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Bone Fracture Toughness Of Estrogen Deficient Rabbits, Matthew S. Smith Aug 2003

Bone Fracture Toughness Of Estrogen Deficient Rabbits, Matthew S. Smith

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Bone mass is commonly used as an indicator of fracture risk. It has been shown in numerous studies that bone loss causes increased bone fragility and risk of fracture. It has also been shown that 50% of patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures have the same bone mass as normal age matched controls. Thus, bone mass alone is not the only indicator of bone quality and ability to resist fracture.;The objective of this study was to qualitatively assess bone's mechanical and histomorphometric changes with drug treatment, and estrogen deficiency, using fracture toughness, femoral neck fracture and histomorphometric analysis in an …

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Investigation Into The Use Of A Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance For Real-Time Particulate Measurement, Marcus Gilbert Aug 2003

Investigation Into The Use Of A Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance For Real-Time Particulate Measurement, Marcus Gilbert

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Characterizing particulate matter (PM) in diesel exhaust emissions during transient test cycles has been a challenge for researchers. Acquisition of real-time PM data was proposed by the use of a Rupprecht and Patashnick Co., Inc. Series 1105 Diesel Particulate Monitor Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM) mass measuring device. The objectives of testing with a TEOM diesel particulate analyzer were to validate its collection capability and evaluate its real-time characteristics on transient test cycles. Conventional PM filtration was used as the base line for evaluating the TEOM collection capability. To evaluate real-time TEOM characteristics, the real-time mass rate data were separated …

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Effluent Characterization Of Flow-Through Aquaculture Operations In West Virginia, James H. Cunningham Aug 2003

Effluent Characterization Of Flow-Through Aquaculture Operations In West Virginia, James H. Cunningham

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In order to reduce pollutant loading nationwide, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), working in conjunction with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), is in the process of developing effluent management guidelines and standards for private and public aquaculture operations. The purpose of this study is to provide industry, State, and Federal stakeholders with baseline effluent water quality data specific to West Virginia flow-through facilities, in an effort to help concerned parties make informed decisions regarding impending regulations and to examine the potential to increase production, based on effluent pollutant load and permit limitations.;WVU-CEE researchers examined both large and small-scale …

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Comparison Of Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Emissions Between An On-Road Route And Engine Dynamometer Simulated On-Road Cycle, John Curtis Gibble Aug 2003

Comparison Of Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Emissions Between An On-Road Route And Engine Dynamometer Simulated On-Road Cycle, John Curtis Gibble

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Heavy-duty diesel engines are known to emit concentrations of harmful compounds of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). As a means of emissions control, engine dynamometer certification is currently employed. Current certification cycles provide for standardized comparisons, but may not be indicative of real-world emissions. Accurate in-use emissions testing would provide more realistic engine emissions values.;To examine the accuracy of the West Virginia University Mobile Emissions Measurement System (MEMS), on-road emissions tests were performed with six different diesel-powered vehicles. Exhaust species measured by MEMS were NO x and CO2, reported on a brake-specific basis. Information obtained during on-road …

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Estimating Reliability Impact Of Biometric Devices In Large Scale Applications, Karthikeyan Mahadevan Aug 2003

Estimating Reliability Impact Of Biometric Devices In Large Scale Applications, Karthikeyan Mahadevan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In the last two decades, there has been a tremendous growth of biometric applications especially in security. Reliability of the biometric devices is extremely important.;This thesis discusses an approach for estimating the reliability of systems, which contain biometric user authentication subsystem. The ECRA (Early Component Based Reliability Assessment) tool utilizes an easy to use interface and employs the Bayesian algorithm to predict the system reliability. This application of the ECRA technique to biometrics is new. Using the UML diagrams and the ECRA tool, the reliability of the system is predicted.

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Dowel-Concrete Contact Characteristics, Sri Vani Sirisha Motamarri Aug 2003

Dowel-Concrete Contact Characteristics, Sri Vani Sirisha Motamarri

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In this thesis, the dowel-pulling force and the dowel-concrete coefficient of friction were measured using a novel laboratory setup of vibrating wire strain gauges embedded in both the dowel and concrete. The gages are set to measure the shrinkage strain induced in the concrete that surrounds the dowel as it cures causing the solidified concrete to clamp on the steel dowel. The measurements reveal that radial strain in concrete around the dowel is not uniform along the dowel circumference. As the dowel is pulled out of concrete, both the dowel-pulling force and the elastic strain recovery in concrete are recorded …

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Evaluation Of Binder Grades On Rutting Performance, Sri Harsha Nallamothu Aug 2003

Evaluation Of Binder Grades On Rutting Performance, Sri Harsha Nallamothu

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Asphalt mixes that have a good history of resisting rutting in posted speed applications may not perform well in intersections, climbing lanes, truck weigh stations, and other slow speed areas. The West Virginia Division of Highways, WVDOH, has implemented the Performance Grade binder specifications for all paving projects and Superpave for high volume road projects. The standard binder specified in the state is a PG 64-22; for high volume roads a PG 70-22 is specified. These binders appear to be working well for most projects in the state. The Superpave guidelines have provision for increasing the binder grade by one …

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Permeability And Strength Of Artificially Controlled Porous Media, Suresh Pasumarty Aug 2003

Permeability And Strength Of Artificially Controlled Porous Media, Suresh Pasumarty

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Oil well industry has been using hydraulic fracturing to open new channels and thus increase well productivity. Materials known as Proppants are injected into the fracture to keep the channels conductive after the applied hydraulic pressure is removed. But the proppants used to date are often crushed under the influence of rock closures, which leads to clogging of the channel.;The main objective of this study was to model a material that would be able to withstand the rock closure stresses and also remain conductive. A three-dimensional finite element model was developed to study the effects of the shape and the …

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Acoustic Emission Evaluation Of Frp Composite Specimens In Tension And Bending, Ryan Edward Arnold Aug 2003

Acoustic Emission Evaluation Of Frp Composite Specimens In Tension And Bending, Ryan Edward Arnold

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Fiber Reinforced Polymer composites are relatively new to the bridge construction industry. One of the challenges to greater usage is the lack of a nondestructive method to accurately evaluate them. Nondestructive evaluation of FRP composite structures using Acoustic Emissions was conducted. Seven tension specimens and fifteen bending specimens from three different FRP manufacturers were tested. The hand-laid tension specimens produced at WVU were tested following ASTM D3039. The bending specimens were tested according to ASTM D790.;AE parameters were analyzed, and connections were found between them and the loading quarter of the specimens along with the damage zone of the specimens. …

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Performance Of Doweled Concrete Joints Subjected To Fatigue Loading, Appalaraju Vetsa Aug 2003

Performance Of Doweled Concrete Joints Subjected To Fatigue Loading, Appalaraju Vetsa

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Distress in concrete transverse joints is often initiated due to the development of excessive stresses at the dowel/concrete interface. Recent studies indicated the existence of two types of stresses i.e. compressive stresses at the top and bottom of the dowel and tensile stresses at both sides of the dowel bar. These stresses are the primary concern as they are believed to be a major factor for the failure of rigid pavement joints.;Dr. Shoukry invented a new dowel design named shokbar that significantly reduces the magnitude of such contact stresses. The primary objective of this study is to characterize the behavior …

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Development Of Instrumentation For Acoustic Monitoring, Deepak Mehra Aug 2003

Development Of Instrumentation For Acoustic Monitoring, Deepak Mehra

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This thesis describes a source/sink flow acoustic wave sensor for the identification of leaks in gas pipelines. One of the many type of signals associated with the high velocity gas flowing out of a hole in the pipeline is the ramp or step pressure drop.;A large 3-inch diameter diaphragm was installed in an attempt to detect the low frequency waves associated with a leak. This diaphragm with source or sink flow through a 17mm internal diameter pipe acts as a pressure signal amplifier.;The deflection of the diaphragm due to the amplified force can be measured with a strain gage whose …

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Non-Native Esl Teachers' Reactions To Students' Different Cultural Backgrounds In Classroom Interaction, Livia Silva Lirio Aug 2003

Non-Native Esl Teachers' Reactions To Students' Different Cultural Backgrounds In Classroom Interaction, Livia Silva Lirio

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

There have been research studies done in the area of cross-cultural analysis that discuss the necessity of culture-oriented examiners or assessors as well as "culture-free testing" when assessing students from different cultural and linguistic backgrounds. Despite evidence that "culture-bias" is present in oral examinations, few of the studies found directly approach the instructors' reactions to students' different cultural and backgrounds in classroom interaction. Therefore the purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate teachers' perspectives on teaching in a multicultural classroom. The findings of this study conducted in an American language institute with non-native ESL teachers reveal a mismatch between …

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Instructors' Message Variables And Students' Learning Orientation/Grade Orientation And Affective Learning, Leeanne M. Bell Aug 2003

Instructors' Message Variables And Students' Learning Orientation/Grade Orientation And Affective Learning, Leeanne M. Bell

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among instructors' message variables and students' learning orientation (LO), grade orientation (GO), and affective learning. Participants were 193 students (109 men, 83 women) enrolled in introductory communication courses at a large eastern university. Participants completed the Revised Self-Disclosure scale (Wheeless, 1978), the Humor Orientation scale (Booth-Butterfield & Booth-Butterfield, 1991), a narrative scale created for this study, the LOGO II scale (Milton, Pollio, & Eison, 1986) and the Instructional Affect Assessment Instrument (IAAI) (McCroskey, 1994). Results indicated instructors' message variables were not significantly related to students LO/GO, no significant differences among …

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Effect Of Computer Practice Of Component Gait Training Facts On Choice Of Ambulation Aid And Gait Pattern By Physical Therapist Assistant Students, Beverly R. Born Aug 2003

Effect Of Computer Practice Of Component Gait Training Facts On Choice Of Ambulation Aid And Gait Pattern By Physical Therapist Assistant Students, Beverly R. Born

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Health care educational programs are challenged to provide efficient and effective instructional strategies to teach students both the foundation knowledge and problem solving skills that they need to provide quality health care services. In the present study, computer-based text passages and quizzes were used to teach physical therapist assistant (PTA) students the component facts and principles needed for the higher level skill of choosing ambulation aids and gait patterns for patients in described clinical scenarios. The research questions were (a) whether learning component gait training skills would result in better ability to choose ambulation aids and gait patterns for patients …

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Investigation Of The Applicability Of Neural-Fuzzy Logic Modeling For Culvert Hydrodynamics, Jonathan M. Lester Aug 2003

Investigation Of The Applicability Of Neural-Fuzzy Logic Modeling For Culvert Hydrodynamics, Jonathan M. Lester

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

As a result of an earlier WV DOH study, the idea came to the forefront of using a completely new approach to analyzing the complex subject of culvert hydrodynamics. The literature indicates that there have been no reports of artificial intelligence, to include neural networks, fuzzy logic, or combined neural-fuzzy logic, used to investigate and predict culvert hydrodynamics.;The scope of this dissertation is to investigate the applicability of using neural-fuzzy logic to predict culvert diameters. To analyze these flows, commercial culvert software was employed to account for all types of flow conditions. This included different slopes, lengths, flow-rates, pipe sizes, …

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Identification Of Metrics Used By Decision Makers To Determine The Efficacy Of Wireless Communication Systems In Higher Education, Karen R. Petitto Aug 2003

Identification Of Metrics Used By Decision Makers To Determine The Efficacy Of Wireless Communication Systems In Higher Education, Karen R. Petitto

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This research described the wireless network technologies that are available for use in higher education, determined the categories of metrics used to evaluate wireless network efficacy, and yielded a self-assessment instrument for guiding small college administrators considering wireless local area network systems.;The features and benefits of contemporary wireless systems in higher education were identified through a review of the professional journals, government publications, and standards industry documentation. The literature identified three categories of metrics beneficial for the evaluation of efficacy of wireless campus local area networks: cost, speed, and reliability. After identification of these categories of metrics, a modified Delphi …

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Dietary Patterns, Exercise Behaviors And Osteoporosis Knowledge Of College Women At West Virginia University, Jamie Sutton Deem Aug 2003

Dietary Patterns, Exercise Behaviors And Osteoporosis Knowledge Of College Women At West Virginia University, Jamie Sutton Deem

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study was conducted to describe the dietary patterns, exercise behaviors and osteoporosis knowledge of college women at West Virginia University. One hundred forty-one women were recruited (ages 18--27). Mean intake of nutrients including calcium (860 +/- 369 mg/day) was reported. Calcium intake was significantly lower than the recommendation (1000 mg/day; p < 0.0001). Mean reported exercise time was 54.4 minutes/day. This was significantly greater than the recommendation of 30 minutes/day (p < 0.01). Osteoporosis knowledge was measured by questionnaire. The majority of participants were able to identify 7/14 risk factors. A T-test indicated that individuals who answered osteoporosis risk factor questions correctly had higher intakes of calcium, but were still significantly below the recommendation (p < 0.001). Results indicated that exercise time was significantly higher in individuals who answered osteoporosis risk factor questions correctly (p < 0.001). These results suggest that college women do not have adequate intakes of calcium or knowledge of osteoporosis for prevention of the disease.

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Global Demand For Certified Hardwood Products As Determined From A Survey Of Hardwood Exporters, Ellen E. Hrabovsky Aug 2003

Global Demand For Certified Hardwood Products As Determined From A Survey Of Hardwood Exporters, Ellen E. Hrabovsky

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

United States hardwood exporters were surveyed to determine the current international markets for certified hardwood products (CHWP) and to document the experiences of hardwood exporters concerning CHWP and certification. There was a 42% response rate to the 265 mailed surveys. Twenty six percent of exporting companies received requests for CHWP. These requests represented <5% of the companies total export business. The experiences of the responding exporters parallels that reported in previously published studies. Willingness to pay a premium is low. Over half of the exporters indicated that customers will not pay any premium. Chain of custody issues are a major problem and the supply of certified hardwood lumber is small. Only large companies owning their own forests have no problem with certification, chain-of-custody documentation or supply. The markets remain predominantly niche markets centered in northern Europe. China is emerging as a major market for primary CHWP.

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Geophysical Investigation Of The T And T Mine Complex, Preston County, West Virginia, Jennifer S. Mabie Aug 2003

Geophysical Investigation Of The T And T Mine Complex, Preston County, West Virginia, Jennifer S. Mabie

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The U.S. Department of Energy National Energy and Technology Laboratory have utilized an airborne platform with remote sensing technologies consisting of a multi-spectral scanner and airborne electromagnetic conductivity technologies to provide a rapid reconnaissance of watershed areas. Airborne surveys were flown over the T&T Mine Complex, located in Preston County, West Virginia. The electromagnetic and thermal anomalies observed in the airborne data were compared to mine maps to correlate anomalous features with mine pools and ground water discharge points that may represent acid mine drainage (AMD). Surface geophysical studies were performed to delineate the conductivity anomalies observed in the airborne …

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Factors Influencing Participation In The Beef Quality Assurance Program Of The West Virginia Cooperative Extension Service, Sara D. Peacock Aug 2003

Factors Influencing Participation In The Beef Quality Assurance Program Of The West Virginia Cooperative Extension Service, Sara D. Peacock

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to identify factors that contribute to participation in the West Virginia Beef Quality Assurance program. This study explored barriers and encouragers that affected involvement in educational programs offered by the West Virginia Cooperative Extension Service. The population consisted of 387 West Virginia Beef Producers from the West Virginia Young Sire Performance Evaluation Program mailing lists. The sample consisted of 85 producers randomly selected from the accessible population and 85 responses to the survey were completed. It was found that the average BQA farmer had a higher net income from their farming practices and had …

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Metallothionein Gene Expression In Human Breast Cancer, Volkan Gurel Aug 2003

Metallothionein Gene Expression In Human Breast Cancer, Volkan Gurel

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Metallothioneins (MT) are a family of low molecular weight (6 kDa) cysteine rich proteins that participate in a variety of functions such as detoxification of heavy metals and homeostasis of essential metals. They can also act as scavengers of free radicals. MT-1 and 2 isoforms are ubiquitously expressed, whereas the expression of the third isoform is limited to the neural tissue. In the PC-3 prostate cancer cell line, MT-3 expression has been shown to inhibit cell growth and increase drug resistance. The goal of the present study was to determine if MT-3 overexpression would influence the growth of human breast …

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Essays On International Monetary Institutions, Monetary Policy, And Economic Stability, Elham Mafi-Kreft Aug 2003

Essays On International Monetary Institutions, Monetary Policy, And Economic Stability, Elham Mafi-Kreft

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This dissertation is a collection of essays that focus on how the policy actions and design of monetary institutions affect various economic indicators, such as commodity prices, asset prices, and production. Chapter 1 of the dissertation discusses the role and design of monetary institutions. Chapter 2 outlines the process undertaken during the European economic and monetary unification with an emphasis on the European Central Bank (ECB). Chapter 3 empirically analyzes the effects that the ECB has had on the economic stability of its member countries. Specifically, substantial disagreement exists among economists about the degree to which central banks should pursue …

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Essays On International Political Economy, Tomi Ovaska Aug 2003

Essays On International Political Economy, Tomi Ovaska

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This dissertation is a collection of essays that focus on the effects of government intervention on economic outcomes. The work is empirical in nature and incorporates cross-country comparisons to highlight the effect governments potentially have in influencing the working of markets. The essays in this dissertation ask what governments actually do and why, what governments should avoid doing, and finally, what governments should undertake to foster economic progress. Chapter one is a short introduction to the role governments play in modern societies. Chapter two considers what governments do and why, focusing on fiscal illusion. Contrary to the fiscal illusion hypothesis, …

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Numerical Simulation For Parametric Study Of A Two -Stroke Compression Ignition Direct Injection Linear Engine, Ehab F. Shoukry Aug 2003

Numerical Simulation For Parametric Study Of A Two -Stroke Compression Ignition Direct Injection Linear Engine, Ehab F. Shoukry

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A time based numerical simulation program was built at West Virginia University to simulate the operation of a two-stroke compression ignition direct injection linear engine. The two-stroke linear engine consists of two pistons connected together with a yoke and allowed to move freely according to the frequent combustion that takes place in response to fueling and load applied along the full stroke of the internal combustion engine. The simulating program used a series of dynamic and thermodynamic equations that were solved simultaneously to predict the performance and analyze the different factors affecting the operation of the two-stroke compression ignition linear …

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