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Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

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Hegemonic Conflict In The Caspian Region: Accumulation By Dispossession And The Spatial Fix, Patrick L. Ehland Aug 2010

Hegemonic Conflict In The Caspian Region: Accumulation By Dispossession And The Spatial Fix, Patrick L. Ehland

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This research examines the political-economic and military activities of three major powers, the United States, China and Russia, in the Caspian region, comprising the nation states of Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Azerbaijan, since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. The activities of these three powers have been guided primarily by resource and strategic needs, and they have had a significant effect on the uneven development of the Caspian states. The interests and actions of the three powers have frequently come into conflict with each other, and the responses of the individual Caspian states have varied widely. …


Assessing The Cumulative Impact Of Disturbance On Canopy Structure And Chemistry In Appalachian Forests, Lindsay N. Deel Aug 2010

Assessing The Cumulative Impact Of Disturbance On Canopy Structure And Chemistry In Appalachian Forests, Lindsay N. Deel

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Eastern forests experience a range of disturbance events over time, from stand-replacing disturbances, such as clear cuts, to ephemeral disturbances, such as insect outbreaks. By understanding the cumulative impact of disturbances on canopy structure and chemistry, we can gain insight into management strategies, assess a variety of ecosystem services, and even contribute to a larger body of knowledge on global climate change. I transformed a series of Landsat images spanning approximately 25 years into cumulative disturbance maps covering Green Ridge State Forest and Savage River State Forest in western Maryland. Intensive field surveys collected during the summer of 2009 provided …


Literacy Knowledge Among Teachers: Considerations For Implementation Of The Rti Initiative, Amy F. Conner Love Aug 2010

Literacy Knowledge Among Teachers: Considerations For Implementation Of The Rti Initiative, Amy F. Conner Love

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A literacy knowledge assessment survey was designed to assess in-service teachers' literacy knowledge and determine the effect of professional training in reading instruction, teaching credentials, and years of experience on their literacy knowledge. This quantitative study used descriptive statistics to examine the relationship between variables of teacher demographics (professional development participation, professional development content, courses taken at a college or university, teaching credentials, and years of experience), comparisons between teachers who teach elementary general education, secondary general education (English/language arts), special education, and those who are reading teachers/reading specialists/literacy coaches, and comparisons between novice and veteran teachers. This study was …


Colonial Sugar Production In Nyanza: (Kibos-Muhoroni) The Asian Initiative, The Genesis, And Development Of Kenya's Sugar Industry, 1903--1963, Godriver A. N. Wanga Odhiambo Aug 2010

Colonial Sugar Production In Nyanza: (Kibos-Muhoroni) The Asian Initiative, The Genesis, And Development Of Kenya's Sugar Industry, 1903--1963, Godriver A. N. Wanga Odhiambo

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study analyses Asian sugar production in colonial Nyanza examines the Asian initiative and the development of commercial cane farming in Central Nyanza. Therefore, the work provides a different perspective on Asian initiative in agriculture and provides a framework on which to understand the persistent state of insufficiency in Kenya's sugar industry.;The study mainly relied on primary sources, secondary sources and oral interviews. These sources were derived from the Kenya National Archives, Nairobi, Syracuse University's Bird Library, Ohio University Library, Moi University Library Eldoret and West Virginia University Library. The primary materials included annual reports of the Department of Agriculture, …


The Impacts Of Longwall Mining On Groundwater Systems -- A Case Of Cumberland Mine Panels B5 And B6, Xinzhi Du Aug 2010

The Impacts Of Longwall Mining On Groundwater Systems -- A Case Of Cumberland Mine Panels B5 And B6, Xinzhi Du

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The longwall mining method is a commonly used method of coal extraction that involves the complete removal of large, rectangular panels of coal. Since it causes subsidence through the overlying strata to the ground surface, the surface-and ground-water above the longwall panels may be affected and drained into the lower levels. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of longwall mining subsidence on surface- and ground-water systems by using a groundwater flow model: Ground Water Vista (GWV).;To setup the GWV model, the Globe Information System software (ArcMap) was used to determine the geometry and boundary conditions of …


One-Room Schools And Their Role In The Development Of The Appalachian Hills Of West Virginia: 1863--1940s, James Seth Caudill Aug 2010

One-Room Schools And Their Role In The Development Of The Appalachian Hills Of West Virginia: 1863--1940s, James Seth Caudill

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

One-room schools provided the educational settings for the majority of West Virginians until well into the twentieth century. The distribution of the population throughout the rural, rolling, and mountainous terrain resulted in the location of schools within walking distance for most students. The school population consisted of students of various ages and different grades contained in one room. Teachers required diverse skills, in order to perform as academic instructor, nurse, custodian, and entertainment leader at recess. The rural schools gave students in these communities an opportunity to achieve an education, offering both academics and life lessons. The thesis will examine …


Seasonal Trends In Separability Of Leaf Reflectance Spectra For Ailanthus Altissima And Four Other Tree Species, Aaron Burkholder Aug 2010

Seasonal Trends In Separability Of Leaf Reflectance Spectra For Ailanthus Altissima And Four Other Tree Species, Aaron Burkholder

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This project investigated the spectral separability of the invasive species Ailanthus altissima, commonly called tree of heaven, and four other native species. Leaves were collected from Ailanthus and four native tree species from May 13 through August 24, 2008, and spectral reflectance factor measurements were gathered for each tree using an ASD (Boulder, Colorado) FieldSpec Pro full-range spectroradiometer. The original data covered the range from 350-2500 nm, with one reflectance measurement collected per one nm wavelength. To reduce dimensionality, the measurements were resampled to the actual resolution of the spectrometer's sensors, and regions of atmospheric absorption were removed. Continuum removal …


Relationships Of Developmental Traits In Young Alpaca Crias And Lambs, Sara Elizabeth Lewis Aug 2010

Relationships Of Developmental Traits In Young Alpaca Crias And Lambs, Sara Elizabeth Lewis

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Successful reproduction in alpacas is highly dependent upon postnatal survival, which in turn is dependent upon a pattern of continuous gain in weight as an indicator of health. Weighing alpacas is the primary method used to assess their general health. Unfortunately, the measurement of cria weight is not always a simple, routine, or easy determination. The purpose of this study was to determine if, as in other species such as cattle and horses, morphometric body measurements can be used to estimate weight. In this study, continuous weight and girth measurements were taken on 34 alpaca cria. Age and girth were …


The Effect Of Locality Based Learning On Software Defect Prediction, Bryan Lemon Aug 2010

The Effect Of Locality Based Learning On Software Defect Prediction, Bryan Lemon

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Software defect prediction poses many problems during classification. A common solution used to improve software defect prediction is to train on similar, or local, data to the testing data. Prior work [12, 64] shows that locality improves the performance of classifiers. This approach has been commonly applied to the field of software defect prediction. In this thesis, we compare the performance of many classifiers, both locality based and non-locality based. We propose a novel classifier called Clump, with the goals of improving classification while providing an explanation as to how the decisions were reached. We also explore the effects of …


Phosphorus Nutrition In Broilers, Staci Ann Loop Aug 2010

Phosphorus Nutrition In Broilers, Staci Ann Loop

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Due to depleting resources, high feed ingredient costs, and eutrophication, phosphorus nutrition in broilers has been a topic of concern for many years. The amount of damage being done to the environment by phosphorus runoff in some states has led to regulations that require broiler litter to have decreased phosphorous with the use of a phytase enzyme. There are many phytase products on the market, however, these enzymes are not all equally effective. Companies may rely only on feed manufacture retention data instead of conducting live bird performance research to test the actual efficacy of the enzyme. The first study …


A Reconfigurable Distributed Multiagent System Optimized For Scalability, Summiya Moheuddin Aug 2010

A Reconfigurable Distributed Multiagent System Optimized For Scalability, Summiya Moheuddin

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This thesis proposes a novel solution for optimizing the size and communication overhead of a distributed multiagent system without compromising the performance. The proposed approach addresses the challenges of scalability especially when the multiagent system is large. A modified spectral clustering technique is used to partition a large network into logically related clusters. Agents are assigned to monitor dedicated clusters rather than monitor each device or node. The proposed scalable multiagent system is implemented using JADE (Java Agent Development Environment) for a large power system. The performance of the proposed topology-independent decentralized multiagent system and the scalable multiagent system is …


Elucidating The Role Of Ascorbic Acid In Flowering And Pathogen Defense In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Madhumati Mukherjee Aug 2010

Elucidating The Role Of Ascorbic Acid In Flowering And Pathogen Defense In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Madhumati Mukherjee

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

L-ascorbic acid (AA) protects plants against abiotic stress. Previous studies suggested that this antioxidant is also involved in the control of flowering and enhanced disease resistance. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms through which AA deficiency promotes flowering and pathogen resistance.;To decipher how AA influences flowering time, four AA-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana mutants vtc1-1, vtc2-1, vtc3-1 and vtc4-1 were grown under short and long days, respectively. These mutants flowered and senesced before the wild type irrespective of the photoperiod, a response that cannot simply be attributed to slightly elevated oxidative stress in the mutants. Genetic analyses demonstrated that various photoperiodic …


Switchgrass Establishment And Growth For Biofuels And Carbon Sequestration On Reclaimed Mine Lands In Appalachia, Travis L. Keene Aug 2010

Switchgrass Establishment And Growth For Biofuels And Carbon Sequestration On Reclaimed Mine Lands In Appalachia, Travis L. Keene

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Climate change mitigation and the high cost of transportation fuels have created an interest in utilizing biofuels to supplement the nation's energy portfolio. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) has been suggested as a possible biofuel feedstock because of its ability to produce large amounts of biomass over a wide range of growing conditions and its ability to sequester atmospheric carbon (C) into stable soil organic carbon. Appalachia has the potential to become a center of biofuel production with its large expanses of reclaimed mine land. Switchgrass production on surface mine land offers the opportunity to increase the land resources devoted to energy …


The Effect Of Cannula Design Upon Apically Extruded Sodium Hypochlorite During Endodontic Therapy, Gavin L. Criser Aug 2010

The Effect Of Cannula Design Upon Apically Extruded Sodium Hypochlorite During Endodontic Therapy, Gavin L. Criser

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This in vitro study investigates the effect of cannula design on the amount of apically extruded sodium hypochlorite during non surgical root canal therapy. Ten human, extracted, single canal teeth were decoronated and instrumented and randomly assigned to two different treatment groups BO (blown out apices) and NBO (non-blown out apices). Three different cannula designs (Max-i-Probe, Pro-Rinse, Monoject) were compared in respect to the amount of extruded root canal irrigant yielded beyond the root apex. The results of this study support the conclusion that safe ended, side vented cannula design reduces the possibility of extruding sodium hypochlorite beyond the root …


Analysis Of Lidar Point Data And Derived Elevation Models For Mapping And Characterizing Bouldery Landforms, Aaron Edward Maxwell Aug 2010

Analysis Of Lidar Point Data And Derived Elevation Models For Mapping And Characterizing Bouldery Landforms, Aaron Edward Maxwell

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This thesis assessed the viability of using LiDAR-derived elevation data in accurately mapping and characterizing bouldery geomorphic features in a study area in the Allegheny Mountains. This study showed that the ground returns classification process conducted by the Canaan Valley Institute (CVI) for their property using the TerraScan software generally removed 5 to 10 m scale local topographic variability and bouldery landforms in creating the CVI classified ground returns data. In open areas, last returns elevation and intensity data were successfully used in this study to map bouldery landforms in the study area. Identifying and describing boulders under a tree …


Determining Efficacy Of A Thermally Processed Exogenous Enzyme Cocktail For Broilers, Kala Renea Beaman Aug 2010

Determining Efficacy Of A Thermally Processed Exogenous Enzyme Cocktail For Broilers, Kala Renea Beaman

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Feed ingredient price has influenced nutritionists to maximize diet nutrient availability through use of exogenous enzymes. Poultry are almost exclusively fed pelleted diets that entails feed being subjected to conditions of high moisture, temperature and pressure that could partially denature added enzymes. Exogenous enzyme efficacy may be decreased or completely lost if enzymes are not able to survive the pelleting process. The objective of the current studies was to properly assess the efficacy of a commercially available exogenous enzyme cocktail subjected to increasing steam conditioning temperatures during pelleting (82, 88, 93°C). Dietary treatments consisted of nutritionally adequate diets or Positive …


Communicative Facework In Marital Dissolution And Post-Dissolution Processes, Brandi N. Frisby Aug 2010

Communicative Facework In Marital Dissolution And Post-Dissolution Processes, Brandi N. Frisby

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Divorce affects nearly 24,000 adults (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2008) and one million children yearly (Amato, 2000), often with negative consequences for those who are involved (Amato, 2000; Kiecolt-Glaser & Newton, 2001). Unlike previous research which focused on predictors of divorce, this dissertation (2 studies) focused on the communicative processes that occur when divorce is initiated and in turning points which comprise the interactions in post-divorce relationships. In study one, participants (N = 69) reported on the conversation where the decision to divorce was made, the face threats and facework which were communicated during that conversation, and the individual …


A Comparison Of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy And Treatment As Usual With Families With A History Of Child Abuse And Neglect And Intimate Partner Violence, Kimberly P. Foley Aug 2010

A Comparison Of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy And Treatment As Usual With Families With A History Of Child Abuse And Neglect And Intimate Partner Violence, Kimberly P. Foley

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Child abuse and neglect (CAN) and intimate partner violence (IPV) are serious public health issues that need to be addressed. In 2005, a reported 899,000 children throughout the United States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico were the victims of either abuse or neglect resulting in the death of 1,460 children under 18-years-of-age (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2005). In the United States each year, adult women are subjected to over 5 million IPV incidences and which result in the death of approximately 1,300 women (APA, 2005). A meta-analysis of 31 studies conducted by Appel and Holden …


Three Essays On Institutions And Economic Development, Sanjukta Roy Aug 2010

Three Essays On Institutions And Economic Development, Sanjukta Roy

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This dissertation consists of three essays that look into different types of institutions and their relation with various aspects of economic development. The essays explore the role of financial institutions, political institutions and the role of a free media in the context of economic development. Chapter 2 elaborates on how foreign direct investment (henceforth FDI) inflow into an economy can contribute towards the freedom of the institution of media. Chapter 3 analyzes how a free media can help mitigate terrorism incidents and strengthen a democracy for the same cause. Chapter 4 investigates how the development of financial institutions, namely financial …


Recommendations For Biomechanics In The Physical Education Teacher Education Curriculum, Susan M. Ross Aug 2010

Recommendations For Biomechanics In The Physical Education Teacher Education Curriculum, Susan M. Ross

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to determine the critical biomechanics competencies physical educators need to learn, and delineate learning environments and instructional methods for delivering core biomechanics competencies within the physical education teacher education curriculum. An initial list of theoretical and applied biomechanics competencies was constructed using the knowledge and skills recommended by the Guidelines and Standards for Undergraduate Biomechanics and three textbook sources. A two-round, modified Delphi procedure involved the repeated circulation of a survey to a small panel of content experts. The study sample included biomechanics specialists, physical education teacher educators, and K-12 physical education teachers. The …


Hydroclimate Reconstructions Of The Potomac River Basin Using Tree Rings, Richard Stockton Maxwell Aug 2010

Hydroclimate Reconstructions Of The Potomac River Basin Using Tree Rings, Richard Stockton Maxwell

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The following dissertation is composed of three separate manuscripts with the overall theme of hydroclimate reconstructions of the Potomac River Basin. The first manuscript investigated two methods of crossdating eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L.) and examined the dendroclimatic response of earlywood, latewood, and total ring-width. In the second manuscript, May precipitation for West Virginia Climate Region 6 was reconstructed using two millennial-length eastern redcedar chronologies from 750-1998. Comparisons were made to other paleoclimate proxy records of moisture in the Mid-Atlantic Region. The final manuscript focused on a multi-species reconstruction of Potomac River streamflow from 950-2001. In this manuscript, species importance …


Mountaineer Boys And Girls Club Public Relations Campaign Professional Project, Lisa K. Brown Aug 2010

Mountaineer Boys And Girls Club Public Relations Campaign Professional Project, Lisa K. Brown

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The task of sustaining a nonprofit organization in a small town can be challenging. These organizations rely on public relations to communicate with the public and maintain their funding. This professional project provides the Mountaineer Boys and Girls Club ("the Club") in Morgantown, West Virginia, with a public relations campaign. The campaign is designed to assist the Club with increasing donations, extending stewardship and increasing website visits from a relationship management perspective. The project also offers other nonprofit staff members with a guide to use when creating their own public relations plans.


Goal Framing Of Health Related Behaviors: What Factors Contribute To The Persuasiveness Of A Message?, Sarah A. Stoner Aug 2010

Goal Framing Of Health Related Behaviors: What Factors Contribute To The Persuasiveness Of A Message?, Sarah A. Stoner

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

There is evidence that the manner in which relevant information is framed can influence decisions that are based on that information. That is, information may be presented in a positive frame (i.e., describing benefits gained from engaging in behaviors) or in a negative frame (i.e., describing losses from not engaging in behaviors). The effect of information frame on older adults' decision to comply or not comply with health behavior recommendations is unclear due to a paucity of research. In an attempt to understand factors that influence older adult healthy behavior decision making, the current study examined variables that might predict …


Dietary Cholesterol Effects On Learning, Memory And Amyloid Beta: Learning And Memory Effects On Brain Cholesterol And Sulfatide Levels, Deya S. Darwish Aug 2010

Dietary Cholesterol Effects On Learning, Memory And Amyloid Beta: Learning And Memory Effects On Brain Cholesterol And Sulfatide Levels, Deya S. Darwish

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Recent studies have revealed ambiguous findings on the effects of dietary cholesterol on learning. In one study by Schreurs and coworkers it was reported that a 2% cholesterol diet had a positive effect on learning. However, it was realized that metals, specifically copper, could potentially exacerbate the aggregation of amyloid beta (Abeta), a protein associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) leading to the formation of Abeta plaques. In a subsequent publication by Sparks and Schreurs it was reported that a 2% cholesterol diet with the addition of 0.12 ppm copper had a detrimental effect on learning and resulted in the formation …


Text, Graphics, And Multimedia Materials Employed In Learning A Computer-Based Procedural Task, Kari Christine Carlson Coffindaffer Aug 2010

Text, Graphics, And Multimedia Materials Employed In Learning A Computer-Based Procedural Task, Kari Christine Carlson Coffindaffer

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The present research study investigated the interaction of graphic design students with different forms of software training materials. Four versions of the procedural task instructions were developed (A) Traditional Textbook with Still Images, (B) Modified Text with Integrated Still Images, (C) Onscreen Modified Text with Silent Onscreen Video and (D) Onscreen Narrated Video for four computer tasks. Two research questions guided the study: Research Question 1: Are there any significant differences in student learning of a computer-based procedural task due to the format of the training materials? Research Question 2: Do individual differences in prior knowledge and spatial abilities make …


A Numerical And Experimental Study Of The Effects Of Dynamic Roughness On Laminar Leading Edge Separation, Peter D. Gall Aug 2010

A Numerical And Experimental Study Of The Effects Of Dynamic Roughness On Laminar Leading Edge Separation, Peter D. Gall

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The aircraft industry, as a whole, has been deeply concerned with improving the aerodynamic efficiency of current and future flight vehicles, particularly in the commercial and military markets. However, of particular interest to the field of aerodynamics is the elusive concept of a workable flow control mechanism. Effective flow control is a concept which if properly applied can increase aerodynamic efficiency. Various concepts and ideas to obtain successful flow control have been studied in an attempt to reap these rewards. Some examples include boundary layer blowing (steady and periodic), suction, and compliant walls for laminar flow control. The overall goal …


Analysis And Scaling Of A Two-Stage Fluidized Bed For Drying Of Fine Coal Particles Using Shannon Entropy, Thermodynamic Exergy And Statistical Methods, Steven Lee Rowan Aug 2010

Analysis And Scaling Of A Two-Stage Fluidized Bed For Drying Of Fine Coal Particles Using Shannon Entropy, Thermodynamic Exergy And Statistical Methods, Steven Lee Rowan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Liquid water (moisture) in coal causes a number of economic and environmental issues for the mining and electrical power generation industries. Coal preparation plants utilize large amounts of water for cleaning coal and removing unwanted materials such as clay, sulfur, pyrite and mercury. After the cleaning process, it is necessary to separate as much of the water from the coal as possible. Unfortunately, current dewatering techniques are not effective with particle sizes below 150 microm, which compromises 6--8% of the total energy found in mined coal. In most cases, these fine coal particles end up in slurry waste ponds. Additionally, …


Sensitivity Analysis Of Flexible Pavement Performance Parameters In The Mechanistic-Empirical Design Guide, Armando Orobio Aug 2010

Sensitivity Analysis Of Flexible Pavement Performance Parameters In The Mechanistic-Empirical Design Guide, Armando Orobio

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) was the result of NCHRP project 1-37A. This is a mechanistic-empirical pavement design procedure which uses mechanistic and empirical models, nationally calibrated with information from several databases, especially the national Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) study. This database includes data from pavements located throughout North America.;A large amount of inputs are required in order to perform pavement design with MEPDG. These may be classified into traffic loads, material properties and climate input parameters. The pavement distress mechanisms are too complex to be completely modeled without utilization of empirical data. So, calibration is required to improve …


Prediction Of Response To Escitalopram Across Multiple Outcomes In Older Adult Gad Patients, Caroline M. Ciliberti Aug 2010

Prediction Of Response To Escitalopram Across Multiple Outcomes In Older Adult Gad Patients, Caroline M. Ciliberti

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Anxiety disorders are common in late-life and have detrimental effects of health and well-being (Stanley, Diefenbach, & Hopko, 2003; Wetherell et al., 2004). Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is the most common anxiety disorder in late-life (Beekman et al., 1998). Beyond the diagnostic symptoms, older adults with anxiety disorders may present with a variety of physical symptoms (Palmer, Jeste, & Sheikh, 1997). As a result, GAD is a heterogeneous disorder. Empirically-supported treatments are available for late-life GAD, but little is known about how people with different constellations of presenting symptoms respond to treatment, and whether they differ according to the way …


Assessing The Psychometric Properties Of The Childbirth Stages Of Readiness Questionnaire (Csorq), Suzan Walsh Clemens Aug 2010

Assessing The Psychometric Properties Of The Childbirth Stages Of Readiness Questionnaire (Csorq), Suzan Walsh Clemens

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Women choose pharmacological approaches in addition to or in lieu of self-management to relieve childbirth pain for several reasons including availability, personal preference, medical necessity, and anticipation of high levels of pain during labor. When pain expectations result in (or are influenced by) pathologically high fear and anxiety during the antenatal period, a woman can suffer a myriad of negative effects that can include psychopathological status during pregnancy, a distressing birth experience, and postpartum distress. This study assessed the validity and reliability of the Childbirth Stages of Readiness Questionnaire (CSORQ) for use in prenatal obstetrical care to identify women's stage …