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Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

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Asphalt And Concrete Pavement Condition Analysis For The Wvdoh, Frank Peter Taverna Iii Jan 2015

Asphalt And Concrete Pavement Condition Analysis For The Wvdoh, Frank Peter Taverna Iii

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The objective of this research was to compare the condition of the asphalt and concrete sections of pavement on a section of US 35 for the West Virginia Division of Highways. In the process of completing this objective, existing procedures for pavement assessment were evaluated and an improved methodology for pavement condition evaluation, in terms of Pavement Surface Rating, PSR, was established. PSR uses observable surface distresses to quantify the condition of a pavement on a 0 to 100 scale. The PSR methodology includes surface distress data collection, a distress identification manual, and a PSR calculation procedure and spreadsheet. This …

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Micro-Saw Devices Based On Randomly-Oriented Pzt Films: Design, Fabrication And Characterization, Jonathan Taub Jan 2015

Micro-Saw Devices Based On Randomly-Oriented Pzt Films: Design, Fabrication And Characterization, Jonathan Taub

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The main objective of this work was to research and develop a sensor device to monitor gas leakage in cryogenic temperatures and high vacuum. In addition, the sensor device should be small in size, function with low power, and display a short recovery time. The end application for this technology would be to monitor fuel leaks of hydrazine when refueling space satellites. To meet the specified requirements, an acoustic wave device was studied in this work. A micro-surface acoustic wave (muSAW) device was fabricated through a multi-layer thin film technique, where the active sensing material is based on a 300 …

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Perceptions Of Adult Learners' Readiness In Ghana For Online Instructions In Higher Education, Daniel Tetteh-Richter Jan 2015

Perceptions Of Adult Learners' Readiness In Ghana For Online Instructions In Higher Education, Daniel Tetteh-Richter

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Online learning has become an integral component of higher education in the 21st century. Harnessing this potential has resulted in an increase in enrollment without the corresponding wear and tear on main campus infrastructure. Many institutions of higher education have incorporated online learning into their programs while recognizing that online learners are more likely to be adult students. As such, adult learners must have basic online skills that make them ready for online learning. Also, online programs should be guided by andragogy -- a unique approach to educating the adult learner. And the adult learner must want to stay in …

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Testing The Relation Between Disgust And Approach-Avoidance Behavior, Ronald Thomas Jan 2015

Testing The Relation Between Disgust And Approach-Avoidance Behavior, Ronald Thomas

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The Behavioral Immune System (BIS) is a set of psychological processes that evolved to protect individuals from harmful contaminants and pathogens in the environment (Miller & Maner, 2011; Schaller & Duncan, 2007; Tybur, Lieberman, Kurzban, & DeScioli, 2013). The primary mechanism through which the BIS functions is the emotion of disgust, which causes negative physical and affective reactions that encourage avoidance behavior and serve as a deterrent from approaching potentially harmful stimuli (Schaller & Duncan, 2007). Consequently, disgust is proposed to serve a disease-avoidance mechanism. However, relatively little research has empirically tested the link between disgust and general behavioral avoidance …

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A Midsummer Light's Dream: The Journey Of Designing The Lighting For A Classic Tale, Tim Thistleton Jan 2015

A Midsummer Light's Dream: The Journey Of Designing The Lighting For A Classic Tale, Tim Thistleton

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This document is a discussion of the process involved with creating and executing a lighting design for A Midsummer Night's Dream, by William Shakespeare. It will follow my journey as the designer from first read, through the evolution of the design, and finally opening night. This paper will show my process as a designer through examples of my research, paperwork, and stories of collaboration. It will conclude with an evaluation of my work.

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Topics In Graph Compositions, Todd Tichenor Jan 2015

Topics In Graph Compositions, Todd Tichenor

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

For any discrete undirected graph G with vertex set V(G) and edge set E(G) (respectively), a graph composition of G is defined to be a partition of V(G) where every element of the partition yields a connected, induced subgraph of G. This dissertation is comprised of 5 chapters. The first is a general introduction to the concept of graph compositions and a survey of previously researched work; the second focuses on the composition number of deletions of specific graphs from complete graphs; the third focuses on establishing bounds for the composition number of general graphs and the Bell number coefficients …

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Design, Fabrication, And Testing Of A Multi-Cycle Pulse Detonation Engine, Eli M. Thorpe Jan 2015

Design, Fabrication, And Testing Of A Multi-Cycle Pulse Detonation Engine, Eli M. Thorpe

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

With the constant drive to improve the efficiency of systems used to generate heat and work pulse detonation engines have been explored. Pulse detonation engines can be described by the Humphrey thermodynamic cycle which, in theory, has advantages over the Brayton, Otto, and Diesel cycles.;This work is concerned with the design, fabrication, and the initial tests of a pulse detonation laboratory test bed. The test bed was designed with modularity and ease of alteration in mind while ensuring that a wide range of detonable fuel and oxidizer mixtures where able to be utilized.;Initial testing with a methane and oxygen mixture …

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Facial Planes As Landmarks For Diagnosis And Treatment Planning, Jennifer Tomblyn Jan 2015

Facial Planes As Landmarks For Diagnosis And Treatment Planning, Jennifer Tomblyn

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Background and Objectives: Diagnosing and treatment planning in contemporary orthodontics is based on comparing elements of craniofacial morphology to selected reference planes. Ideally, a valid reference plane should have good intra-individual reproducibility, low inter-individual variability, and good reliability. The aim of this study was to determine 1.) the reliability and reproducibility of FALL and Glabella Vertical as reference planes 2.) if Glabella Vertical can be used as a frontal reference plane and 3.) if NHO is affected by varying chin positions. Methods: Part 1) 3 judges measured 4 variables (F, FC, G, and GC) on 23 subjects at T1 and …

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The Impact Of Choice: Exercise Motivation And Physical Activity In College Students Enrolled In Fitness For Life, Julia Fera Tracy Jan 2015

The Impact Of Choice: Exercise Motivation And Physical Activity In College Students Enrolled In Fitness For Life, Julia Fera Tracy

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Background: Research suggests there is a decline in physical activity (PA) as individuals enter adulthood (Sallis, 2000). Physical activity behaviors that students develop during college years are said to have a long-term impact on adult habits (Keating, Guan, Pinero, & Bridges, 2005). Leslie, Sparling, and Owen (2001) suggest that college campuses are central settings with unseen opportunities to influence young adults' PA patterns. Higher education PA programs can be a mechanism to introduce adults to healthy lifestyles that include PA (Hardin, Andrew, Koo, & Bemiller, 2009).;Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of choice in a …

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The Influence Of Memory Enhancement Techniques On Children's Testimony, Ria M. Travers Jan 2015

The Influence Of Memory Enhancement Techniques On Children's Testimony, Ria M. Travers

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Eyewitness testimony is often key evidence in court cases, but it is often difficult to obtain accurate eyewitness memories (Loftus, Miller, & Burns, 1978). This is especially true when this testimony must be acquired from preschool children because young children have been found to be susceptible to suggestive interviewing techniques (Krackow & Lynn, 2003). Several aspects of children's cognitive capabilities have been found to influence their suggestibility, including their source monitoring abilities, or their abilities to trace the source of memories (Ceci & Bruck, 1993). Therefore, source monitoring ability provides a possible point of intervention to decrease children's suggestibility. Source …

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Evaluation Of Asphalt Mixture Performance Tester And Testing Protocol, Kyle Turner Jan 2015

Evaluation Of Asphalt Mixture Performance Tester And Testing Protocol, Kyle Turner

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

With the initial implementation of the Superpave mixture design method, no method "proof" testing the mixtures was included. This eventually led to the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) to sponsor projects that would eventually lead to the implementation of proof tests and a machine capable of performing these tests. The Asphalt Mixture Performance Tester (AMPT), which is capable of performing dynamic modulus |E*| and flow number tests, was the product of these sponsored research projects.;The objective of this research was to set up the AMPT, establish a working procedure for preparing and testing specimens in the machine, demonstrate the …

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Microbiology In Shale: Alternatives For Enhanced Gas Recovery, Yael Tarlovsky Tucker Jan 2015

Microbiology In Shale: Alternatives For Enhanced Gas Recovery, Yael Tarlovsky Tucker

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The gas-productive part of the Marcellus Shale occurs in the Appalachian basin at depths of 1.5 to 2.5 km (5,000 to 8,000 ft.), where most geologists generally assume that thermogenic processes occurring over geologic time periods are the only source of natural gas. This is because these sediments are believed to be sterile due to conditions these sediments have endured in the past, which are beyond those that most organisms are currently known to withstand. Recently, Marcellus shale drilling processes have allowed for the study of the microbiology of these sediments by analysis of microorganisms carried in "produced" waters that …

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The Root Of Sustainability: Investigating The Relationship Between Medicinal Plant Conservation And Surface Mining In Appalachia, Jessica B. Turner Jan 2015

The Root Of Sustainability: Investigating The Relationship Between Medicinal Plant Conservation And Surface Mining In Appalachia, Jessica B. Turner

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Since European colonization, Appalachian culture has been based on resource extraction, such as coal mining, timbering, and Non-Timber Forest Product (NTFP) harvest. Surface mining degrades forest habitat for medicinal plants, especially the habitat for the internationally valuable medicinal herb, American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.), and the NTFP culture associated with this plant. The relationship between medicinal plant conservation and surface mining must be studied with a non- traditional, multi-faceted approach: culturally, economically, and ecologically. (1) Using community-based participatory surveys, I determined how ginseng harvesters and non- harvesters in West Virginia communities view the relationship between surface mining and ginseng harvest. …

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Classical And Jazz Influences In The Music Of Nikolai Kapustin: Piano Sonata No. 3, Op. 55, Yana Tyulkova Jan 2015

Classical And Jazz Influences In The Music Of Nikolai Kapustin: Piano Sonata No. 3, Op. 55, Yana Tyulkova

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The subject of this dissertation is the contemporary Russian composer and pianist Nikolai Kapustin. Being himself a virtuoso pianist, Kapustin has written a large repertoire for solo piano. During the last fifteen years, the popularity of Kapustin in the United States has grown enormously through performances, publications, presentations, and recordings. Kapustin's output has over 150 opus numbers in all major forms of Baroque, Classical and Romantic music, such as suite, invention, preludes and fugues, variations, sonata, concerto, and more.;Kapustin's style fuses the classical approach to form and the jazz approach to harmony and rhythm in a very unique way. His …

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The Relationship Between Kinesthetic Perceptions Of Elite Music Theater Singers And Acoustic Measures Of Voice Production Methods: A Pedagogic Analysis, Leigh Usilton Jan 2015

The Relationship Between Kinesthetic Perceptions Of Elite Music Theater Singers And Acoustic Measures Of Voice Production Methods: A Pedagogic Analysis, Leigh Usilton

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study relates acoustic changes that occur during female belt voice, mix voice, and legit voice to the self-reported physical sensations of elite music theater (MT) singers for the purposes of developing further pedagogic language to convey imagery and sensation to students of MT singing.;Six professional female MT singers comfortable producing belt, mix, and legit styles of singing sang a series of C major and E-flat major scales on the vowels /alpha/, /ae/, /epsilon/, and /[special character omitted]/, followed by three brief excerpts from the modern MT repertoire. Both prior to and following the sung exercises, subjects described the three …

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Atlanticism In Visegrad: Understanding The Relationship Between Central Europe And The U.S. After 1989, Brian S. Valdivia Jan 2015

Atlanticism In Visegrad: Understanding The Relationship Between Central Europe And The U.S. After 1989, Brian S. Valdivia

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This thesis seeks to explore the relationship of the countries of Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia (together known as the Visegrad Group or Visegrad 4 [V4]) with the US after the fall of communism, and how this relationship helped them to transform their political and economic systems. This study will primarily focus on the years between 1989-2000, as this was the period during which US-V4 relations were at their peak. After the conclusion of the Clinton presidency, US foreign policy refocused its priorities as the US saw Central Europe as finally part of the Atlantic world and therefore …

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Interactions Of Brown Marmorated Stink Bug, Colletotrichum Acutatum And Trap Crops In Organic Tomato Production, Robert James Voshell Jan 2015

Interactions Of Brown Marmorated Stink Bug, Colletotrichum Acutatum And Trap Crops In Organic Tomato Production, Robert James Voshell

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Colletotrichum spp. (Ascomycota) cause anthracnose of tomato fruits (Solanum lycopersicum). Halyomorpha halys, the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is an invasive insect that injures tomato fruits with a piercing/sucking mouthpart.;To determine if H. halys feeding increases incidence of anthracnose on tomato fruit, five experiments were conducted. A 21-day transmission study was performed using detached fruits inside plastic containers in an incubator at 22°C. Tomato fruits receiving stink bugs with Colletotrichum inoculum had significantly higher anthracnose incidence than fruit receiving Colletotrichum inoculum only. A treatment using infested stink bugs (H. halys was placed in a petri dish of sporulating C. …

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Utilizing Early Cellular Changes To Explore Biological Responses To Individual Chemical And Mixture Exposures, Julie Anne Vrana Jan 2015

Utilizing Early Cellular Changes To Explore Biological Responses To Individual Chemical And Mixture Exposures, Julie Anne Vrana

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Humans are continuously exposed to a vast number of chemicals, whether it be from the air we breathe, the water we drink, or the medications we take daily. Early cellular changes after exposure to chemical insult, both individual chemicals and mixtures (two or more chemicals) thereof, can offer a wealth of information about cellular adaptation (e.g., cell death or survival decision processes). From this understanding, better prediction models for chemical risk assessment, such as toxicity or carcinogenicity, can be elucidated. Further, these prediction models can greatly improve the large backlog of chemicals waiting to be evaluated for potential adverse effects. …

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Integrating Popular Music And Informal Music Learning Practices: A Multiple Case Study Of Secondary School Music Teachers Enacting Change In Music Education, Martina Vasil Jan 2015

Integrating Popular Music And Informal Music Learning Practices: A Multiple Case Study Of Secondary School Music Teachers Enacting Change In Music Education, Martina Vasil

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to examine the practices and perspectives of music teachers who integrated popular music and informal music learning practices into their secondary school music programs. A primary goal was to understand music teachers' perspectives on the process of enacting change. The data for this parallel multiple-case study were four semi-structured interviews, two school site visits and observations, documents, and a researcher journal. The content of teachers' interviews was synthesized in the form of four narratives. Teachers' pathways to becoming more reform-minded were marked by shifts in professional identity away from teacher-centered, autocratic mindsets toward student-centered, …

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An Actor's Process In Performing The Role Of Oberon In William Shakespeare's "A Midsummer Night's Dream", Kyle Walter Jan 2015

An Actor's Process In Performing The Role Of Oberon In William Shakespeare's "A Midsummer Night's Dream", Kyle Walter

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

I was actually fortunate enough to choose the role I could use to write my thesis on during my last year of graduate school here at West Virginia University. I played the role of Martin in Theresa Rebeck's Seminar in the production of the WVU School of Theatre and Dance season; however I chose to use Oberon for multiple reasons.;I was originally going to use both roles and write a sort of compare and contrast document. I realize that would have been a "Midsummer Nightmare." So this decision led me here, taking on Oberon. I wanted to attempt to put …

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Antimicrobial Effectiveness Of Citrus Essential Oils And Organic Acids Against Salmonella And Listeria Monocytogenes, Karina Walker Jan 2015

Antimicrobial Effectiveness Of Citrus Essential Oils And Organic Acids Against Salmonella And Listeria Monocytogenes, Karina Walker

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The development of natural antimicrobials for foods is of increasing interest as consumers' desire for more natural foods continues to rise. Organic acids and citrus essential oils (EOs) are natural, generally regarded as safe substances that are known to possess antimicrobial properties. In-vitro tests of natural antimicrobials against a range of bacteria are required in order to determine their feasibility for food applications. The objective of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of citrus essential oils and organic acids against Salmonella Baildon, Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium (ATCC 14028) and three strains of Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 19115, ATCC 15313, …

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Fine-Particle Charging-Rate-Limit Modification To Grain Dynamics In Abrupt And Gradual Inhomogeneities, Jeffrey J. Walker Jan 2015

Fine-Particle Charging-Rate-Limit Modification To Grain Dynamics In Abrupt And Gradual Inhomogeneities, Jeffrey J. Walker

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Gyro-phase drift is a guiding center drift that is directly dependent on the charging rate limit of dust grains. The effect of introducing a gyro-phase-dependence on the grain charge leads to two orthogonal components of guiding-center drift. One component, referred to here as grad-q drift results from the time-varying, gyro-phase angle dependent, in-situ-equilibrium grain charge, assuming that the grain charging is instantaneous. For this component, the grain is assumed to be always in its in-situ-equilibrium charge state and this state gyro-synchronously varies with respect to the grain's average charge state. The other component, referred to here as the gyro-phase drift, …

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Variations In Selenium Concentrations By Photochemical And Temperature-Controlled Iron Cycles, Kendi L. Waltemyer Jan 2015

Variations In Selenium Concentrations By Photochemical And Temperature-Controlled Iron Cycles, Kendi L. Waltemyer

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Selenium (Se) concentrations in natural waters may vary over a 24-hour (diel) period in response to temperature changes. Diel cycles of Se have not been reported in coal mine drainage (CMD) waters, and understanding the mechanisms of Se concentration variations in CMD is important for predicting Se fate and mobility. Iron (Fe) is often associated with CMD, and diel cycles of dissolved Fe species concentrations and/or the formation of Fe oxyhydroxide minerals may impact Se mobility. Experiments were conducted in a laboratory setting between July 2014 and April 2015 to determine if selenite (SeIV) concentration changes could be detected in …

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Evaluating Work-Related Risk Factors Associated With Low Back Disorders In The Roofing Industry, Di Wang Jan 2015

Evaluating Work-Related Risk Factors Associated With Low Back Disorders In The Roofing Industry, Di Wang

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Roofers have long suffered from low back disorders (LBDs), which is a primary non-fatal injury in construction. The harsh work environment exposes the roofers to a diversity of physical exposures which may cause severe LBD injuries. Until now, most of research on roofing safety has been mainly focused on fatal injury risks, such as falls from height, leaving much to be desired in the risk assessment of non-fatal, cumulative musculoskeletal disorders among this population. Existing ergonomics studies have identified several physical risk factors associated with LBDs in workplaces and developed predictive models for general LBD risk assessments. However, these models …

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Commercial Real Estate Investment And Economic Development In The Northeast Region Of The United States, Tizita Wasihun Jan 2015

Commercial Real Estate Investment And Economic Development In The Northeast Region Of The United States, Tizita Wasihun

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The U.S. commercial real estate (CRE, henceforth) market was pummeled during the great recession. As the economy sees gradual improvements, investment continues to forge ahead from its worst slump, with fresh opportunities as construction rebounds. The debate on the relationship between real estate investment and economic growth has a long history in the economic development literature. Frequently asked questions are, should real estate investment be part of economic development strategies? Does real estate investment have more economic benefits than other investments? Should real estate investment wait until economic growth is achieved? Does real estate investment spur economic growth or, vice …

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What Are Faculty Perceptions Of Using Emotional Intelligence In Pedagogy And Andragogy?, Eveldora R. Wheeler Jan 2015

What Are Faculty Perceptions Of Using Emotional Intelligence In Pedagogy And Andragogy?, Eveldora R. Wheeler

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This dissertation study compared the key findings from the first piece of research (pilot study) by allowing further exploration and re-examination of faculties' Perceptions of Using Emotional Intelligence (PUEI) in STEM, Social Sciences, online, and face to face in Pedagogy and Andragogy. This study draws particular attention to the notable rise of emotional issues emerging in differing educational contexts (online and face to face) and the significance of faculty response to their PUEI. Emotional intelligence, a complexity often viewed skeptically is a recurring theme for this study and can greatly benefit higher educational institutions, professional learning environments, and businesses particularly. …

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Attenuation Of Spatial Memory Impairment In A Tau Mouse Model Of Alzheimer's Disease With Riluzole, Daniel S. Weitzner Jan 2015

Attenuation Of Spatial Memory Impairment In A Tau Mouse Model Of Alzheimer's Disease With Riluzole, Daniel S. Weitzner

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Individuals at risk for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) often demonstrate hyperactivity in areas of the memory network, such as the hippocampus, prior to AD diagnosis. Evidence suggests that this hyperactivity might be a contributing factor to the development of AD. Tau, a protein responsible for binding and maintaining microtubules, has been implicated as a factor in hyperactivity, potentially through its alterations in glutamate signaling. Glutamate, the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, is essential for learning and memory. However, excess glutamate that accumulates in the synapse can lead to neuron loss and eventual behavioral impairments. Recently, our lab …

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Facial Image Analysis For Body Mass Index, Makeup And Identity, Lingyun Wen Jan 2015

Facial Image Analysis For Body Mass Index, Makeup And Identity, Lingyun Wen

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The principal aim of facial image analysis in computer vision is to extract valuable information(e.g., age, gender, ethnicity, and identity) by interpreting perceived electronic signals from face images. In this dissertation, we develop facial image analysis systems for body mass index (BMI) prediction, makeup detection, as well as facial identity with makeup changes and BMI variations.;BMI is a commonly used measure of body fatness. In the first part of this thesis, we study BMI related topics. At first, we develop a computational method to predict BMI information from face images automatically. We formulate the BMI prediction from facial features as …

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Investigating College Evolution Instruction: Current Practices And How They Can Be Improved To Overcome Student Barriers To Acceptance, Nicholas Adam Wilbur Jan 2015

Investigating College Evolution Instruction: Current Practices And How They Can Be Improved To Overcome Student Barriers To Acceptance, Nicholas Adam Wilbur

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The United States is ranked very low in acceptance of evolution when compared to other countries of similar socioeconomic status. The resistance to evolution extends to high school students and teachers, where much research has been performed on the topic of evolution education and the context is well understood. The initial goal of my thesis research was to establish a context for evolution education at the post-secondary level, which was accomplished by performing a national survey of evolution instructors. Although there was great variation among high school teachers, college instructors were surprisingly consistent in their training, methodology and personal views. …

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Factors Affecting Turnover As Perceived By County Agents Who Voluntarily Left The West Virginia University Extension Service, Michael B. Withrow Jan 2015

Factors Affecting Turnover As Perceived By County Agents Who Voluntarily Left The West Virginia University Extension Service, Michael B. Withrow

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This descriptive survey study sought to identify factors that influenced West Virginia University County Extension Agents to voluntarily leave the organization. The population consisted of 31 individuals who had left the Extension Service from 2009-2014. A survey which was composed of four main question sets was mailed to the identified population.;Questions focused on the constructs of organizational factors, job related factors, personal factors, and demographics. Data were collected and analyzed to identify contributing factors in each of the constructs. The study found that a major factor that contributes to agents leaving Extension was having other priorities in the individuals' life. …

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