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Fixed -Interval Timeout From Avoidance With Humans, Janet L. Emmendorfer Dec 1998

Fixed -Interval Timeout From Avoidance With Humans, Janet L. Emmendorfer

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

On fixed-interval (FI) schedules of reinforcement, humans and other animals often have different response patterns. For example, the pattern typically associated with animals is the scallop: a pause followed by a gradual acceleration in responding. Humans generally show terminal-minimum (i.e., pause until the end of the interval, then make 1 or 2 responses) or constant-rate patterns. There have been numerous investigations of the variables that control such different response patterns. The most common variables in those studies are instructions, verbal ability, response cost, concurrent tasks, and food and points as reinforcers. The purpose of the present experiments was to investigate …

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Identification Of Math Anxiety Subtypes, Aline Elizabeth Rabalais Dec 1998

Identification Of Math Anxiety Subtypes, Aline Elizabeth Rabalais

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Conceptualizations of mathematics anxiety, as well as factors that are empirically related to it, were identified from the existing literature. These factors are test, evaluation, trait, and state anxiety, as well as gender and level of math ability. Differences in these factors were hypothesized to distinguish subtypes of highly math anxious individuals from one another. In order to determine whether subtypes exist, cluster analyses were performed on a sample of 96 highly math anxious college students. The results revealed three clusters distinguished by completion time on two versions of a math test and age. Furthermore, participants' responses on a variety …

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The Emerging Female Hero In The Fiction Of Alice Walker, Ntozake Shange, Ursula Le Guin, And Barbara Kingsolver., Rebecca S. Phillips Jan 1998

The Emerging Female Hero In The Fiction Of Alice Walker, Ntozake Shange, Ursula Le Guin, And Barbara Kingsolver., Rebecca S. Phillips

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Novels written by Alice Walker, Ntozake Shange, Ursula Le Guin, and Barbara Kingsolver between 1971 and 1993 demonstrate a pattern of female heroism that both continues and revises the male monomyth as described by Joseph Campbell. The motifs these women's novels share with the traditional monomyth include: (1) the quest itself; (2) mysterious parentage; (3) the magical guide; (4) the slaying of the monster; (5) the boon; (6) (sometimes) the sacred marriage and the return. The elements either unique to the female quest or containing a different emphasis from the monomyth are: (1) enclosure in a patriarchal system; (2) naming …

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A Description Of The Instructional And Assessment Practices Of Selected Elementary Teachers., Mary D. Morris Jan 1998

A Description Of The Instructional And Assessment Practices Of Selected Elementary Teachers., Mary D. Morris

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Three distinct teachers, recognized by their administrators as excellent, were chosen to participate in a study designed to describe a recent phenomena in education. All three teachers were members of a faculty that was recognized as a Professional Development School in collaboration with the Benedum Foundation. Traditionally educators have looked to their local school district to provide continuing education. This professional development covers a wide range of topics and is given with a random approach. Recently there have been schools that have decided that their instruction and assessment could change to incorporate more alternative methods to accommodate a variety of …

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A Study Of The Relationship Between Tenure And Non-Tenure Track Faculty Of West Virginia University Extension And Public Service Unit And Job Satisfaction., Patrick Irving Nestor Jan 1998

A Study Of The Relationship Between Tenure And Non-Tenure Track Faculty Of West Virginia University Extension And Public Service Unit And Job Satisfaction., Patrick Irving Nestor

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Extension and Public Service has completed ten years in the tenure system at West Virginia University. During the ten year time span, problems associated with the tenure system have occurred. Tenure status of Extension faculty and their job satisfaction have been an important problem for supervisors as well as faculty members. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between tenure status, selected demographic characteristics of faculty and their job satisfaction. Procedure. The respondents for the study were all Extension faculty in the tenure and non-tenure status at West Virginia University. The data were collected by means of …

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A Two-Perspective Study On The Modern Chinese Economy: Foreign Direct Investment And Regional Development., Chuanliu Ni Jan 1998

A Two-Perspective Study On The Modern Chinese Economy: Foreign Direct Investment And Regional Development., Chuanliu Ni

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Many research efforts have been devoted to the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) on China's economic achievement, to the general FDI distribution pattern as well as to regional economic disparities in China. The objectives of this dissertation are to address several issues in recent research, develop a model for FDI influx into China, examine major factors influencing FDI distribution in China and a separate study on China's regional economic disparities. Beginning with a literature survey on FDI study, I theoretically examine the (FDI) self-reinforcing model. I justify some of the assumptions of the FDI self-reinforcing model. I developed a …

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The Nature Of Semantic Memory Deficits In Alzheimer's Disease: Semantic Degradation Or Working Memory Deficits., Staci Robyn Jan 1998

The Nature Of Semantic Memory Deficits In Alzheimer's Disease: Semantic Degradation Or Working Memory Deficits., Staci Robyn

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The nature of semantic memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been subject to controversy. It is unclear whether semantic memory is impaired because of degradation of semantic knowledge or due to information processing deficits. This study compared 18 patients with AD to 18 control participants who did not differ significantly in age, education, or gender on three working memory tasks. Three variations of the Self Ordered Pointing Task (SOPT) which varied in the degree of ability to utilize semantic processing skills were administered. Results indicated that patients with AD demonstrated working memory impairments compared to control participants. However, patients …

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What Primary Care Physicians Need To Know About Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Delphi Of Experts And A Content Analysis., Barry Thomas Linger Jan 1998

What Primary Care Physicians Need To Know About Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Delphi Of Experts And A Content Analysis., Barry Thomas Linger

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurobiological condition characterized by developmentally inappropriate attention, impulsivity, and, in some cases, hyperactivity. ADHD is a growing problem in the United States educational system with an estimated 3 to 5 percent of the school-aged population, or approximately 2 million children and adolescents affected. Substantial scientific research has been conducted to examine the effectiveness of stimulant medication as a treatment for ADHD. Little research, however, has been conducted to examine the preparedness of physicians to diagnose, treat, and monitor children with ADHD. This study determined what essential knowledge, attitudes, and skills primary care physicians …

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Sign-Tracking And Behavioral Contrast: Human Investigations., Karen Leslie Mahon Jan 1998

Sign-Tracking And Behavioral Contrast: Human Investigations., Karen Leslie Mahon

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The current experiments sought to extend human sign-tracking findings and to investigate behavioral contrast in a feature positive/feature negative paradigm with human participants. Twelve undergraduate students participated in one of two studies. Each participant was exposed to between nine and sixteen experimental sessions lasting between 10 and 20 minutes. A touch screen was used to detect touches to a computer monitor in either a feature positive arrangement, a feature negative arrangement, or a multiple VI10s-VI10s schedule presentation. The distinct feature presented was a filled triangle, while common features were filled squares. Reinforcement for touching the screen was not contingent on …

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Searching For Evidence Of Transfer Between Drug Facilitators., Mark Aaron Miller Jan 1998

Searching For Evidence Of Transfer Between Drug Facilitators., Mark Aaron Miller

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Four experiments were conducted to test whether transfer of stimulus control could be obtained between two drug facilitators, a drug and non-drug facilitator, and two non-drug facilitators. In the first experiment, the presence of methadone signaled which of two key lights would be followed by grain. In the absence of methadone, the contingencies were reversed. Concurrently, the presence of phencyclidine (PCP) signaled which of two additional key lights would be followed by grain. In the absence PCP, the contingencies were also reversed. During transfer tests in which each conditioned stimulus (CS) was presented following administration of each drug facilitator, only …

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"The Least Thing You Hear About In The Dorm": Cultural Themes For Academic Activity In A Women's Residence Hall At A Public Comprehensive University., Linda Pedretty Rowe Jan 1998

"The Least Thing You Hear About In The Dorm": Cultural Themes For Academic Activity In A Women's Residence Hall At A Public Comprehensive University., Linda Pedretty Rowe

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to explore the ways students experienced and interpreted academic activity within the culture of their daily lives on an undergraduate women's floor in a residence hall at a comprehensive four-year public university in the upper Southern region of the United States. Procedures for ethnographic inquiry, a qualitative research method, were followed to collect and analyze data by participant observation and interviews during the 1992-1993 academic year. The findings are presented in a case study format. The residents of the floor experienced social and academic activity as belonging to different and unequal realms of college …

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Student Evaluation Of Clinical Education Environment (Secee): Instrument Development And Validation., Kari E. Sand-Jecklin Jan 1998

Student Evaluation Of Clinical Education Environment (Secee): Instrument Development And Validation., Kari E. Sand-Jecklin

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This paper describes the refinement and testing of the Student Evaluation of Clinical Education Environment (SECEE) inventory, an instrument designed to measure nursing student perceptions of the clinical learning environment. Although a quality student clinical experience is considered critical to nursing education, no comprehensive instruments measuring the clinical learning environment have been published. The SECEE inventory contains 29 forced-choice items divided among four scales: Communication and Feedback, Learning Opportunities, Learning Support, and Department Atmosphere. Items were included based on nursing students and faculty input, a review of the literature and sample clinical agency contracts, and data resulting from administration of …

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A Study Of The Relationship Between Leadership Style And Selected Demographic Characteristics Of Principals And Their Predisposition To Use Creative Insubordination In Decision-Making., Yvonne Santin Jan 1998

A Study Of The Relationship Between Leadership Style And Selected Demographic Characteristics Of Principals And Their Predisposition To Use Creative Insubordination In Decision-Making., Yvonne Santin

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study examined the relationship between leadership style and selected demographic characteristics of principals, including gender, degree level, school level, and years of experience, and their predisposition to use creative insubordination in decision making. To examine this relationship, the Leader Behavior Questionnaire - Self (LBDQ-Self) was used to measure principal leadership style and the Decision Making Survey was utilized to measure the principal's predisposition to use creative insubordination in decision making. The design of the Decision Making Survey used measures related to the work of Crowson (1989), Haynes (1991), Haynes and Licata (1995) and Morris, Crowson, Porter-Gehrie and Hurwitz (1984) …

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Determining The Environmental Training Needs And Training Preferences Of Tribal Officials On Reservations In The United States., Jeeta Lakhani Saxena Jan 1998

Determining The Environmental Training Needs And Training Preferences Of Tribal Officials On Reservations In The United States., Jeeta Lakhani Saxena

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The problem of this research was to determine the priority environmental management training needs (drinking water, wastewater, and solid waste), classroom training system preferences and related cultural factors of Native American tribal officials with environmental responsibilities living on reservations in the United States. The researcher conducted telephone interviews with 18 tribal officials on reservations in diverse geographic areas of the United States to determine their classroom training preferences. These officials also responded to a mail/fax survey comprised of 28 statements describing their environmental responsibilities in the areas of drinking water, wastewater, and solid waste. Tribal officials indicated how important the …

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Choice, Changing Over, And Reinforcement Delay., Timothy Alan Shahan Jan 1998

Choice, Changing Over, And Reinforcement Delay., Timothy Alan Shahan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The independent effects of two normally confounded delays to reinforcement produced by changing between concurrent variable-interval schedules of reinforcement were examined with pigeons. In Experiments 1 and 2, combinations of changeover delays and fixed-interval travel requirements were arranged for changeovers in a changeover-key concurrent schedule procedure. The delay from a changeover-produced change in stimulus conditions to a reinforcer was varied while the delay between the last response on one alternative and a reinforcer on the other (the total obtained delay) was held constant. Changeover rates decreased as a negative power function of the total obtained delay. The delay between a …

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The Relationships Among Teacher Characteristics, Student Learning, And Teacher Evaluation., Jason John Teven Jan 1998

The Relationships Among Teacher Characteristics, Student Learning, And Teacher Evaluation., Jason John Teven

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The past several decades have witnessed an increasing concern with the role of communication in the instructional environment. The primary purpose of this research was to identify the specific teacher characteristics or behavior patterns which communicate caring to students and to identify those teacher characteristics or "misbehaviors" that disrupt the students' perceptions of caring. This investigation demonstrated that teacher immediacy and the teacher traits of socio-communicator style (e.g., assertiveness and responsiveness) and tolerance for disagreement have a significant, positive relationships with students' perceptions of teacher caring, learning outcomes, and the way students evaluate those teachers. Respondents in the study were …

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Evaluation Of The Flow Theory In Whitewater Kayaking., Christopher Douglass Jones Jan 1998

Evaluation Of The Flow Theory In Whitewater Kayaking., Christopher Douglass Jones

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The validation of the flow theory in an on-site whitewater setting is examined. A-priori hypotheses emphasized 3 concerns: (1) the relationship between a four channel model of flow and specific levels of flow indicators, (2) differences in the explanatory power of the four channel model and an original model of flow, and (3) the relationship between river difficulty and the frequencies of four channels (flow, anxiety, apathy, and boredom). On-site experiences of 52 whitewater kayakers were assessed with a series of single page questionnaires administered in the Cheat River Canyon in West Virginia. Sampling techniques involved a modification of the …

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The Construction Of "The Student Perception Of Teacher Health Scale"., Steven Craig Koehn Jan 1998

The Construction Of "The Student Perception Of Teacher Health Scale"., Steven Craig Koehn

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to construct a student perception of a teacher's health scale. The rationale for the study was the severe lack of research on the effects of a teacher's health in the classroom environment. In addition, the tremendous dropout rate in the teaching profession due to burnout, stress and other health related factors was a key ingredient. Scale construction was deemed an important beginning component in investigation of an area with little prior investigation. The original scale was designed using student focus group participation. A sample of 54 undergraduate subjects were interviewed and audio-taped. Analysis of …

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Note-Taking And Second Language Learning., Sherry Ann Dorobish Jan 1998

Note-Taking And Second Language Learning., Sherry Ann Dorobish

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The study examined what impact the language of input (lecture) to language of process (note-taking) had on output in English. Previous research on note-taking and information-processing has been done in the English-English environment. This study was conducted with Japanese students in an English as a Second Language program. Seven types of information were gathered from 48 undergraduate students participating in the investigation: (a) score on free recall of fact units, (b) score on free recall of concept units, (c) free recall number of words, (d) score in multiple choice test for facts, (e) score on multiple choice test for concepts, …

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A Study Of The Impact Of Mentoring On West Virginia Public School Teachers., Linda K. Dunlap Jan 1998

A Study Of The Impact Of Mentoring On West Virginia Public School Teachers., Linda K. Dunlap

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In the wave of educational reform that swept the United States during the decade of the eighties, many became concerned about the apparent large number of beginning teachers who were leaving the profession in the first three years. Those who worked closely with teacher education programs, began to look at how teachers were trained. Out of their research and dialogue came the need to foster better ways to help new teachers make the transition from student to classroom teacher. Teacher induction programs which included formal mentoring programs were initiated very quickly across many states, since it was believed that a …

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The Relations Among Daily Minor Stressors, Solicitous Spousal Responding, And Illness Behavior In Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus., James Curtis Findley Jan 1998

The Relations Among Daily Minor Stressors, Solicitous Spousal Responding, And Illness Behavior In Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus., James Curtis Findley

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Although persons with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) report more physical symptoms than do relatively healthy persons, the relation between blood glucose (BG) and symptom reporting in persons with DM has been shown to be idiosyncratic. Even in subjects that demonstrate and significant BG/symptom relation, the effect is not stable over time (i.e., greater than eight months). Daily minor stressors and solicitous spousal responding have been shown to be related to symptom reporting in other chronic illness populations and might account for variance in symptom reporting by persons with DM. Thirty-three participants with Type II DM monitored BG, physical activity, and stress …

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Investigative Interviewing With Children: Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of A Training Program For Child Protective Service Workers., Kurt Andrew Freeman Jan 1998

Investigative Interviewing With Children: Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of A Training Program For Child Protective Service Workers., Kurt Andrew Freeman

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Conducting investigative interviews with children who were allegedly sexually abused is perhaps one of the most challenging aspects of child protective service (CPS) workers' jobs. Previous research suggests that training workshops on investigative interviewing conducted with front-line workers, such as police officers and CPS workers, may result in improved knowledge about appropriate strategies to use. However, limited research has addressed whether such trainings result in improvements in actual interviewing skills. The present investigation assessed the impact of a six-hour training workshop on CPS workers' knowledge about and performance during investigative interviews. Results suggest that the training impacted participants' knowledge on …

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The Relationship Between Student Characteristics And Math Achievement When Using Computer Spreadsheets., Jeanne Heindel Gasiorowski Jan 1998

The Relationship Between Student Characteristics And Math Achievement When Using Computer Spreadsheets., Jeanne Heindel Gasiorowski

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The use of computer hardware and software technology in schools is on the rise while there are increasing demands for success in mathematics by all students, despite diverse backgrounds. The problem is to determine the characteristics of students who most benefit from the use of spreadsheet software as a cognitive tool to assist them as they learn to organize and analyze data. For a period of six weeks, 114 seventh grade students received standard instruction in their mathematics classes in basic statistics/data analysis content. Concurrently, in a separate computer class, the students received instruction which focused on the use of …

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The Relation Between Cardiovascular Reactivity To Stress And Family History Of Hypertension: Examination Of Overt And Covert Responses To Stressors., Nicole Lynn Frazer Jan 1998

The Relation Between Cardiovascular Reactivity To Stress And Family History Of Hypertension: Examination Of Overt And Covert Responses To Stressors., Nicole Lynn Frazer

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Research has suggested that cardiovascular reactivity to stress may be a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disorders (Manuck, 1994). Offspring of hypertensives have been hypothesized to be at greater risk for developing cardiovascular disorders through these exaggerated cardiovascular responses to stress, and therefore have been the focus of much research. Little empirical attention has been paid to the relation between other overt (e.g., verbal behavior) or covert (e.g., self-reported anger) responses exhibited during the laboratory session and family history status or cardiovascular reactivity to stress. The purpose of this investigation was to examine differences in overt and covert …

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The Effects Of Reading Social Anxiety Words On Anxious Responding., Carrie Lynn Masia Jan 1998

The Effects Of Reading Social Anxiety Words On Anxious Responding., Carrie Lynn Masia

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Two studies were conducted to determine if repeated exposure to social anxiety words decreased anxious responding in individuals diagnosed with social phobia. In the first study, four participants were asked to read words aloud, and in the second study, three participants were asked to read words silently. Single-subject methodology, using an alternating treatments design, was utilized. Anxious responding was assessed via Stroop test color-naming time of social and neutral words, word-reading time of social and neutral words, heart rate during word-reading and color-naming, and self-reports of distress. Results indicate that repeated reading of social anxiety words reduces anxious responding, and …

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An Assessment Of Presidential Perceptions Of Goal Compliance Stated In West Virginia Senate Bill 547., Mark Stephen Carter Jan 1998

An Assessment Of Presidential Perceptions Of Goal Compliance Stated In West Virginia Senate Bill 547., Mark Stephen Carter

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The article is a report of a qualitative study to determine whether Presidents of West Virginia higher education institutions maintain attitudes commensurate with goal statements contained in Senate Bill 547: a West Virginia legislative initiative that requires institutional compliance with various legislated goals. Findings of the study are presented in a brief, case study format for each President. In addition, a global assessment of Presidential perceptions with associated issues of compliance/noncompliance is presented.

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The Relationships Among Hypermedia-Based Instruction, Cognitive Styles And Teaching Subject-Verb Agreement To Adult Esl Learners., Fuqiang Zhuo Jan 1998

The Relationships Among Hypermedia-Based Instruction, Cognitive Styles And Teaching Subject-Verb Agreement To Adult Esl Learners., Fuqiang Zhuo

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This study examines the relationships among hypermedia-based instruction, cognitive styles, and teaching subject-verb agreement to adult ESL learners in order to find an effective approach to teach grammar which is a very thorny issue in the field of second and foreign language instruction and learning. Therefore, the effect of hypermedia on grammar instruction and learning is the main focus in this study. The treatment was the employment of hypermedia creating a new learning environment in which the adult ESL learners could be benefited from the advantages of new technology. Based on the current methodologies, approaches, and principles of second and …

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The Prevalence Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Federal Prison Inmates, Robert K. Guthrie Jan 1998

The Prevalence Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Federal Prison Inmates, Robert K. Guthrie

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Incarceration in the United States has increased dramatically in recent years. The total number of inmates under the jurisdiction of the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) on September 30, 1995, was 100,958, an increase of over 11,000 (12%) from January 1, 1994 (U. S. Department of Justice, 1995a) and an increase o f over 60,000 (152%) from 1981 (U. S. Department of Justice, 1994a). Approximately 92% of this population is male. Rubin and McCampbell (1995) point out that conservative estimates indicate that 6-8% (6,000-8,000) of inmates currently under BOP control exhibit a major mental disorder, such as bipolar affective disorder, …

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An Evaluation Of The Relative Value Of Spectral And Phenological Information For Tree Crown Classification Of Digital Images In The Eastern Deciduous Forest., Thomas Lee Key Jr. Jan 1998

An Evaluation Of The Relative Value Of Spectral And Phenological Information For Tree Crown Classification Of Digital Images In The Eastern Deciduous Forest., Thomas Lee Key Jr.

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Digitized, multitemporal, small format 35 mm aerial photographs were acquired, processed, and classified to determine the relative value of spectral and phenological information for tree crown classification of digital images of the Eastern Deciduous Forest. The one-hectare study site, located in a second-growth forest 15 km east of Morgantown, West Virginia, was photographed from a light aircraft ten times from May to October 1997 using both true color and false color film. The negatives and positive transparencies were scanned, and then rectified, enhanced, and classified using ERDAS Imagine. Differences in the timing of phenologic events between tree species, specifically leaf …

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Burnout Among Secondary Agricultural Education Teachers In West Virginia., Ronald H. Hudson Jr. Jan 1998

Burnout Among Secondary Agricultural Education Teachers In West Virginia., Ronald H. Hudson Jr.

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to provide information to West Virginia University and State Department of Education personnel that may be useful in developing a program whose purpose would be to educate educators on the effects of burnout. Data were collected via 92 questionnaires mailed to current agricultural teachers in West Virginia. Of these, 63 usable questionnaires were returned. The return rate was 68%. The survey consisted of three parts: (a) General Demographics, (b. Personal Self Evaluation; and (c) Maslach Educators Survey. Forty six percent of the respondents are between the ages of 41 and 50. Over 92% were …

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